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$WI LD R LATI\IES CROP PLANTS IN INDIA$

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COLEOPTERA 531 prolonged apically as an ovipositor; with six visible sternites in the female and seven in the male. Larvre caraboid, cylindrical; pale or dusky in color; distinctly segmented; with large circular disk-like head, a pair of ocelli, and strong mouth parts; Amblychila cylindriformis FIG. 176. Larva'! of tiger beetles, CICINDELID...E. (Redrawn from Hamilton, 1925.) abdominal segment V with large characteristic dorsal hooked tubercle or prop for anchorage in the burrows. The larvre live in vertical or slanting, cylindrical
082 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY holes in the ground in which they move up and down rapidly. The disk-like head just closes the burrow entrance. Here they lie in wait for any living prey which they are able to overcome. The larvre occupy the habitat of the adult along the sandy banks of rivers and bodies of water, in wet meadows, and in damp partially shaded canyons. Certain tropical species utilize the limbs of trees and stems of smaller woody plants for burrows and capture the insects that pass. A few are termitophilous. From 2 to 3 years are required to com plete a life cycle. Pupation occurs in the burrows. In New Zealand they are FIG. 177. Amblycheil(l cYlind1ij(JTTJlis Say. one of the largest and most remarkable North American tiger beetles. (Drawing by Carl Fuchs.) called "penny doctors" (Tillyard, 1926). LarVa:! and adults hibernate. The adults are mostly active on bright sunny days, but some species are nocturnal. Diurnal forms are exceedingly quick and are among the most difficult insects to capture with a net. The eggs are deposited in the soil or wherever the burrow is to be constructed. The members of this family are among the most specialized insects and while they are usually given family rank some systematists place them in a subfamily of the CARAB IDlE. The family is relatively small and consists of but 2,000 species, which are world-wide in distribution. It reaches its greatest development in the tropics where the most brilliant species occur. Among the interesting apterous species are those of the genus Omus Eschscholtz, 32 spp. and subspecies, black, nocturnal hunters which occur only in the hills and mountains of western North America. The genus Manticora Fab., of Africa, is composed of five large apterous, dark species with almost globular bodies and great toothed mandibles. M. congoensis Peringuey is from 38-44 mm. long. Amblycheila cylindriformis Say, a large cylindrical species, black with reddish-brown elytra and up to 40 mm. long, occurs in Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico. Two other species, A. baroni Rivers and A. schwarzi W. Horn, are much smaller and inhabit Arizona and the latter Utah also. One of the smallest species is Prothyma leptatis Bates of Mexico which is but 6 mm. long. Members of the arboreal genera Collyris Fab. and Tricondyla Latr .. are
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COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY.
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VI PREFACE The estimated numbers of
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COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY CHAPTER I METAMO
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METAMORPHOSIS OF INSECTS 8 quite we
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METAMORPHOSIS OF INSECTS 5 FIG. 3.
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B METAMORPHOSIS OF INSECTS 9 (5) Pl
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12 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY the mature la
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 15 longitudi
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THE ANATOJV!:Y OF INSECTS 17 9. Cla
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20 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY des of the le
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 23 pollen ba
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 27 Genitalia
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 29 MUSCULAR
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 31 tive duri
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 41 Rejuvenat
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.ecretlng cell. $ecretion epitheliu
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 41 the APTER
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 49 like subs
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CHAPTER III CLASSIFICATION OF INSEC
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CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS 55 10. Ab
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----------,------------------------
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PROTURA 61 ern North America was co
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66 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY pound eyes ar
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68 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY contiguous or
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THYSANURA --, "Quarto contributo aH
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APTERA 76 Approximately 15 genera a
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78 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY seeds, and li
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COLLEMBOLA posfonfennol organ $ense
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COLLEMBOLA. 85 Tasmania, and may al
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ORTHOPTERA 89 ments are visible. Of
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92 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY eggs may be d
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ORTHOPTERA 97 using their front leg
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ORTHOPTERA 101 small bells worn by
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ORTHOPTERA 103 Family TRIDACTYLIDlE
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GRYLLOBLATTODEA 107 collected on Su
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BLATTARIA 113 dwelling houses, hote
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BLATTARIA 115 REl:IN, J. A. G., and
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118 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY this country
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PHASMIDA 121 FIG. 46. Various types
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MANTODEA 125 with a median groove b
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128 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY to man becau
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132 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY ANATOMICAL C
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DERMAPTERA 186 ing and killing prey
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140 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY winged forms
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144 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY BUlm, M., "O
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PLECOPTERA 149 All forms are crypti
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154 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY slender; bod
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labium ISOPTERA maxilla :;z, ahn,.,
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ISOPTERA 167 FOSSIL RECORD It is ge
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ISOPTERA 171 structive Australian s
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CHAPTER XVII 14. Order ZORAPTERAl S
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176 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY I·'IG. 67.
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178 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY laboratory a
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180 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY certain spec
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CHAPTER XIX 16. Order CORRODENTIA 1
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192 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY SClmODER, C.
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196 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY IMPORTANT AN
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198 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY pigs and hav
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CHAPTER XXI 18. Order ANOPLURA I Le
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ANOPLURA 207 The human louse, Pedic
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fore leg E(G. 76. The common Europe
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Naiad Adult Elongate and campodeifo
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EPHEMERIDA 217 but continuous fligh
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222 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY gle also wit
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EPHEMERIDA 226 most important gener
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230 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Great number
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282 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY venation are
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238 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY and inhabit
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ODONATA 243 Superfamily LIBELLULOID
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246 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY WALl\.£R, E
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THYSANOPTERA 251 IMPORTANT ANATOMIC
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256 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY two-segmente
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2oo COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY 5. Last abdo
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262 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY HINDS, W. E.
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HEMIPTERA 265 of living plants, cau
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HEMIPTERA 267 division of the meson
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HEMIPTERA CLASSIFICATION 1 Suborder
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HEMIPTERA 271 13. Rostmm four-segme
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276 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Ethiopian re
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280 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY inserted wel
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HEMIPTERA 285 corium veined and the
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288 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Uhler, Empic
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HEMIPTERA thrips, aphids, and leafh
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HEMIPTERA 295 or brachypterous. Hem
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800 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Pelocoris SU
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308 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY External Siz
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HEMIPTERA 311 3-3.5 mm. long to the
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HEMIPTERA 313 throughout much of th
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316 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY These insect
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320 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY phala Ball,
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HEMIPTERA 326 These insects live on
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330 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY E FIG. 113.
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HEMIPTERA 333 Cornic1es or oil- or
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HEMIPTERA 335 .. the same species.
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HEMIPTERA 337 and reaches the great
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340 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY VI. Superfam
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HEMIPTERA 343 species have been des
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HEMIPTERA 345 veloped, reduced, or
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348 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY domen. There
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HEMIPTERA 855 modate them, and afte
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HEMIPTERA 359 was described in 1880
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HEMIPTERA 361 the tiny carinated ma
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HEMIPTERA 365 SANDERS, J. G., "Cata
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370 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY single genus
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CHAPTER XXVII 24. Order NEUROPTERA
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378 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY The eggs, as
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380 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY empodium, wh
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NEUROPTERA 383 admirably endowed wi
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NEUROPTERA 889 have an expanse of 7
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NEUROPTERA 393 WILDERMUTH, V. 1., "
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RAPHIDIODEA 397 which occur in the
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400 COLLEGE ENtOMOLOGY SUMMARY OF A
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TRICHOPTERA EXTERNAL ANATOMY-Contin
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TRICHOPTERA 7. Principal fork of th
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420 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY HANDLlRSCH,
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424 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY edible one,
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428 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY are among th
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430 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY (11) Superfa
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436 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY At least war
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440 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY moniliform,
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444 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Hind wings w
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LEPIDOPTERA 453 may be entirely or
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4E6 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY species have
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LEPIDOPTERA 471 carry these cases b
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LEPIDOPTERA 473 palpi short and por
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LEPIDOPTERA 475 foliage upon which
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478 'COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY with the an
Page 496: LEPIDOPTERA 483 (Holarctic, Neotrop
Page 502 and 503: LEPIDOPTERA 489 ning of written his
Page 504 and 505: LEPIDOPTERA 491 and especially Neot
Page 506 and 507: LEPIDOPTERA 493 Guerin, is another
Page 508 and 509: LEPIDOPTERA 495 white, and red and
Page 510: LEPIDOPTERA 497 radlus'five, Rs FIG
Page 513: 500 COLLEGE EIiTOMOLOGY 7. Fore win
Page 516 and 517: LEPIDOPTERA 503 Papilio pelaus Fab.
Page 526: LEPIDOPTERA 513 markings and hang b
Page 529 and 530: 516 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY HEINRICH, C.
Page 532 and 533: COLEOPTERA 519 have been adored and
Page 534 and 535: COLEOPTERA 621 first sternite is al
Page 536 and 537: COLEOPTERA 623 mented but the numbe
Page 540 and 541: COLEOPTERA 527 V. Superfamily STAPH
Page 542 and 543: COLEOPTERA C, Suborder RHYNCHOPHORA
Page 546 and 547: COLEOPTERA 533 small, slender, almo
Page 551 and 552: 538 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY readiness fo
Page 560: COLEOPTERA 547 and often curled up
Page 563 and 564: 560 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY (Net-winged
Page 568: COLEOPTERA 665 tralia, which is 50
Page 577: 564 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY FIG. 187. Th
Page 582 and 583: COLEOPTERA 569 to the very wide dis
Page 585 and 586: 572 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY cient action
Page 588: COLEOPTERA 575 There are only about
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COLEOPTERA 589 genera (Jpochus Lee.
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COLEOPTERA 591 2-3 mm. long. One of
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594 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY developed an
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598 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY tho$celides
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600 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY FIG. 207. Th
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602 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Fuller's ros
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COLEOPTERA 607 --, "A geographical
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STREPSIPTERA 615 Polistes gallicus
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620 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Antenna; - v
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622 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY anterior scu
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HYMENOPTERA 625 II to IX and X or a
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634 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Family CEPHI
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HYMENOPTERA 637 5. Body flea-like o
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, \ , \ -.; Il> ,g \
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646 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Family STEPH
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648 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Family CYNIP
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652 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY 13. Antennre
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HYMENOPTERA 661 The family consists
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664: COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY E FIG. 232.
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HYMENOPTERA 676 the members of each
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680 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY' feeding oth
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692 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY without clos
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698 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY boreal North
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702 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY does not ext
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706 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY somewhat res
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712 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY hatching and
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HYMENOPTERA 719 Water - collected d
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-:-22 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY ROHWER, S.
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726 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY HAUPT, H., "
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CHAPTER XXXV 32. Order DIPTERA 1 Li
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'134 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY INTERNAL AN
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738 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY 71. Family *
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DIPTERA the bend, the costa fractur
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750 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY esses, and f
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754 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY specks of so
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756 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY 3. Quartan m
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758 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY The respirat
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764 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY (1) Free-liv
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770 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY lower ones s
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DIPTERA 773 equipped with chitinous
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7'18 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY One of the
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DIPTERA 781 breed in various kinds
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DIPTERA 783 shortened; oval, cylind
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786 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY common Europ
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794 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY 305-6, 1941.
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DrPTERA 803 which are mostly indige
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DIPTERA 807 (= Chrysomyia), Cordylo
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