LEPIDOPTERA 515 (3) THE HAJRSTREAKS. These butterflies are distinguished by one or two thin tails on each of the hind wings. They are usually dark in color. The males have a tuft of hair-like scales or beard on the front. The great purple hairstreak, Atlides halesus (Cramer), expanse 30-38 mm., is iridescent purple, blue, or greenish above and with two pairs of tails. The larvee feed on mistletoe, and the species ranges from tropical North America far north into the temperate areas. The bean lycrenid, Strymon melinus (Hilbner), expanse 25-30 mm., is gray; the larvre feed on legumes and other unrelated plants, as well as fruits, throughout North America. The banded elfin, IncisaUa niphon (Hbn.), breeds on pine east of the Rocky Mountains. SELECTED REFERENCES BARNES. W., and J. McDuNNOUGfI, Contributions to the natural history oj the Lepiiloptera of North America, 4 vols., Review Press, Decatur, IIl., 1911-1921. BRAUN, A. F., "Nepticulidre of North America," Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 43: 155-209, 1917. BUCKLER, W., The /arViE oj the British butterflies and moths, vols. I-IX, col. pIs., Ray Society, London, 1886-1901. BUSCK, A., "A revision of the American moths of the family Gelechiidre, with descriptions of new species," Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25: 767-938, 1903. --, "On the female genitalia of the Microlepidoptera and their importance in the classification and determination of these moths," Bull. Bkln. Ent. Soc. 26: 199-211. pIs. IX-XIII, 1931. CLARK, A. H .. "Carnivorous butterflies," Smiths. Rept. 1925: 439-508, 1926. --, "The butterflies of the District of Columbia and vicinity," Smiths. Inst., U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 157: 1-337,63 pIs., 1932. --, ''The forms of the common old world swallowtail butterfly (PaPilio machaon) in North America, with descriptions of two new species," Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 81 (11): 1-15, 8 pIs., 1932. COMSTOCK, J. A., Butterflies oj California, pp. 1-333 + 63 col. pIs., text figures, J. A. Comstock, Los Angeles, Calif., 1927. COMSTOCK, J. A., and C. M. DAMMERS, "Notes on the early stages of three butterflies and six moths from California," Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 34: 120-142, pis. 16-37, 1935. DYAR. H. G., "A list of North American Lepidoptera," Smiths. [mt. Bull. 62: XIX + 723, 1902. DYAR, H. G., and C. HEINRICH, "The American moths of the genus Diatraea and allies," Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 71 (2691): 1--48,20 pIs., 1927. EDWARDS, W. E., The Butterflies of North Amerka, 3 voIs., col. pIs. (pages and plates not numbered), Am. Ent. Soc., 1868-1872, (Reprinted by Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1897.) EVANS, W. H., A catalogue of the African Hesperiid:e in the British Museum, pp. xii + 212, 30 pIs. (7 colored), British Museum, London, 1937. FORBES, W. T. M., "The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states," Cornell Univ. Mem. 68: 1-729, 1923. FRACKER, S. B., "The classification of lepidopterous Iarvre," Ill. Bz·ol. Mon. 2: 1-161, 10 pIs., 1915. HAMPSON, G. F., Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phal::enre in the British Museum, 12 vola., London, 1898-1913 + Suppl. vol. Ill, 1920.
516 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY HEINRICH, C., "Revision of the North American moths of the subfamily Eucosmime of the family Olethreutidre," U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 123: 1-298, 59 pis., 1923. --, "Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresinre and Olethreutime," U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 132: 1-216, 76 pis., 1926. --, "The cactus-feeding Phycitinre: A contribution toward a revision of the American pyralidoid moths of the family Phycitidre," Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 86: 331--413, pIs. 23-51, 1939. HERING, M., "Lepidoptera," Tlerwelt Mitteleuropas 6, hef. 3: xviii + 94, 1928. --, Die Blat/minen Mittel-und Nord- Europas, pp. xii + 631, 499 figs., Feller, Neubrandenburg, 1935-1937. HOLLAND, W. J., The moth book, pp. xxiv + 479,261 figs., 48 col. pis., Doubleday, N. Y., 1913. --, The butterfly book, pp. xii + 424 + 77 col. pis., 198 figs., Doubleday, N. Y., 1931. JONES, F. M., and H. B. PARKS, "The bagworms of Texas," Texas Agr. Exp. Sia. Bull. 382: 1-36, 21 figs., 1928. KIRBY, W. F., The butterflies and moths of Europe, pp. xxii + 432, 55 col. pIs., Cassell & Co., London, 1903. LINDSEY, A. W., E. L. BELL, and R. C. WILLIAMS, JR., "The Hesperioidea of North America," Denison Univ. Bull., Jour. Sci. Lab. 26: 1-142, 1931. LONGSTAFF, G. B., ButterflY-hunting in many lands, pp. xviii + 729, 4 pis., 29 figs., Longmans, London, 1912. LUGINBILL, P., "The fall webwonn," U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 34: 1-92, 49 figs., 67 refs., 1928. McDVNNOUGH, J., "Check"list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America," Mem. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. Pt. I, Macrolepidoptera, pp. 1-274, 1938; Pt. II, Microlepidoptera, pp. 1-171, 1939. MOstlER, E., "Pupre of some Maine species of Notodontoidea," Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. BUll. 259: 29-84,6 figs., 1917. --, "A classification of Lepidoptera based on characters of the pupa," Bull. Ill. St. Lab. Nat. Hist. 12: 12-159, 1916. PIERCE, F. N .. The genitalia of the group Noctuid::e of the LePidoptera of the British Islands, pp. xii + 88, 32 pIs., Duncan, Liverpool, 1909. --, The genitalia of the group Geometridre of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands, pp. xxix + 88, 48 pls., Pierce, Liverpool, 1914. PlEReR, F. N., and J. W. METCALF, The genitalia of the group Tortricid;e oj the Lepidoptera of the British Islands, pp. xxii + 101, 34 pis., Pierce, Warmington, England, 1922. ROTHSCHILD, W., and K. JORDAN, "A revision of the American Papilios," N01)it. Zool. 1S: 411-745, fig. 4, pis. IV-IX, 1906. SCHAFFNER, J. V., JR., and C. L. GRISWOLD, "Macrolepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern part of the United States." U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 188: 1-160, 1934. SCHMITT, J. B., "The feeding mechanism of adult Lepidoptera," Smiths. Misc. Coil. 97 (4): 1-28,12 figs., 1938. SCHNACK, F., The life of the butterfly, pp. 1-278, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1932. SCUDDER, S. B., The butterflies of the eastern United States and Canada with special reference to New England, Vols. 1-3, pp. 1-1958,89 pIs .• 2 maps, Scudder, Cambridge, 1889. SEITZ. A., The Macrolepidoptera of the world, Vol. 1, 1906- ,F. Lehmann, Stuttgart.
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COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY.
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VI PREFACE The estimated numbers of
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COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY CHAPTER I METAMO
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METAMORPHOSIS OF INSECTS 8 quite we
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METAMORPHOSIS OF INSECTS 5 FIG. 3.
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B METAMORPHOSIS OF INSECTS 9 (5) Pl
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12 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY the mature la
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 15 longitudi
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THE ANATOJV!:Y OF INSECTS 17 9. Cla
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20 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY des of the le
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 23 pollen ba
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 27 Genitalia
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 29 MUSCULAR
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 31 tive duri
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 41 Rejuvenat
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.ecretlng cell. $ecretion epitheliu
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 41 the APTER
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THE ANATOMY OF INSECTS 49 like subs
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CHAPTER III CLASSIFICATION OF INSEC
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CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS 55 10. Ab
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PROTURA 61 ern North America was co
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66 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY pound eyes ar
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68 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY contiguous or
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THYSANURA --, "Quarto contributo aH
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APTERA 76 Approximately 15 genera a
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78 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY seeds, and li
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COLLEMBOLA posfonfennol organ $ense
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COLLEMBOLA. 85 Tasmania, and may al
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ORTHOPTERA 89 ments are visible. Of
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92 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY eggs may be d
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ORTHOPTERA 97 using their front leg
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ORTHOPTERA 101 small bells worn by
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ORTHOPTERA 103 Family TRIDACTYLIDlE
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GRYLLOBLATTODEA 107 collected on Su
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BLATTARIA 113 dwelling houses, hote
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BLATTARIA 115 REl:IN, J. A. G., and
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118 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY this country
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PHASMIDA 121 FIG. 46. Various types
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MANTODEA 125 with a median groove b
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128 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY to man becau
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132 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY ANATOMICAL C
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DERMAPTERA 186 ing and killing prey
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140 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY winged forms
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144 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY BUlm, M., "O
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PLECOPTERA 149 All forms are crypti
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154 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY slender; bod
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labium ISOPTERA maxilla :;z, ahn,.,
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ISOPTERA 167 FOSSIL RECORD It is ge
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ISOPTERA 171 structive Australian s
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CHAPTER XVII 14. Order ZORAPTERAl S
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176 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY I·'IG. 67.
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178 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY laboratory a
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180 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY certain spec
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CHAPTER XIX 16. Order CORRODENTIA 1
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192 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY SClmODER, C.
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196 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY IMPORTANT AN
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198 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY pigs and hav
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CHAPTER XXI 18. Order ANOPLURA I Le
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ANOPLURA 207 The human louse, Pedic
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fore leg E(G. 76. The common Europe
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Naiad Adult Elongate and campodeifo
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EPHEMERIDA 217 but continuous fligh
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222 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY gle also wit
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EPHEMERIDA 226 most important gener
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230 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Great number
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282 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY venation are
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238 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY and inhabit
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ODONATA 243 Superfamily LIBELLULOID
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246 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY WALl\.£R, E
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THYSANOPTERA 251 IMPORTANT ANATOMIC
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256 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY two-segmente
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2oo COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY 5. Last abdo
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262 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY HINDS, W. E.
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HEMIPTERA 265 of living plants, cau
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HEMIPTERA 267 division of the meson
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HEMIPTERA CLASSIFICATION 1 Suborder
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HEMIPTERA 271 13. Rostmm four-segme
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276 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Ethiopian re
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280 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY inserted wel
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HEMIPTERA 285 corium veined and the
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288 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Uhler, Empic
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HEMIPTERA thrips, aphids, and leafh
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HEMIPTERA 295 or brachypterous. Hem
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800 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Pelocoris SU
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308 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY External Siz
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HEMIPTERA 311 3-3.5 mm. long to the
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HEMIPTERA 313 throughout much of th
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316 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY These insect
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320 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY phala Ball,
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HEMIPTERA 326 These insects live on
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330 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY E FIG. 113.
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HEMIPTERA 333 Cornic1es or oil- or
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HEMIPTERA 335 .. the same species.
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HEMIPTERA 337 and reaches the great
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340 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY VI. Superfam
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HEMIPTERA 343 species have been des
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HEMIPTERA 345 veloped, reduced, or
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348 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY domen. There
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HEMIPTERA 855 modate them, and afte
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HEMIPTERA 359 was described in 1880
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HEMIPTERA 361 the tiny carinated ma
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HEMIPTERA 365 SANDERS, J. G., "Cata
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370 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY single genus
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CHAPTER XXVII 24. Order NEUROPTERA
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378 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY The eggs, as
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380 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY empodium, wh
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NEUROPTERA 383 admirably endowed wi
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NEUROPTERA 889 have an expanse of 7
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NEUROPTERA 393 WILDERMUTH, V. 1., "
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RAPHIDIODEA 397 which occur in the
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400 COLLEGE ENtOMOLOGY SUMMARY OF A
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TRICHOPTERA EXTERNAL ANATOMY-Contin
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TRICHOPTERA 7. Principal fork of th
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420 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY HANDLlRSCH,
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424 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY edible one,
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428 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY are among th
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430 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY (11) Superfa
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436 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY At least war
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440 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY moniliform,
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444 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Hind wings w
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LEPIDOPTERA 453 may be entirely or
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4E6 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY species have
- Page 484 and 485: LEPIDOPTERA 471 carry these cases b
- Page 486 and 487: LEPIDOPTERA 473 palpi short and por
- Page 488: LEPIDOPTERA 475 foliage upon which
- Page 491: 478 'COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY with the an
- Page 496: LEPIDOPTERA 483 (Holarctic, Neotrop
- Page 502 and 503: LEPIDOPTERA 489 ning of written his
- Page 504 and 505: LEPIDOPTERA 491 and especially Neot
- Page 506 and 507: LEPIDOPTERA 493 Guerin, is another
- Page 508 and 509: LEPIDOPTERA 495 white, and red and
- Page 510: LEPIDOPTERA 497 radlus'five, Rs FIG
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- Page 516 and 517: LEPIDOPTERA 503 Papilio pelaus Fab.
- Page 526: LEPIDOPTERA 513 markings and hang b
- Page 532 and 533: COLEOPTERA 519 have been adored and
- Page 534 and 535: COLEOPTERA 621 first sternite is al
- Page 536 and 537: COLEOPTERA 623 mented but the numbe
- Page 540 and 541: COLEOPTERA 527 V. Superfamily STAPH
- Page 542 and 543: COLEOPTERA C, Suborder RHYNCHOPHORA
- Page 544 and 545: COLEOPTERA 531 prolonged apically a
- Page 546 and 547: COLEOPTERA 533 small, slender, almo
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- Page 560: COLEOPTERA 547 and often curled up
- Page 563 and 564: 560 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY (Net-winged
- Page 568: COLEOPTERA 665 tralia, which is 50
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564 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY FIG. 187. Th
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COLEOPTERA 569 to the very wide dis
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572 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY cient action
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COLEOPTERA 575 There are only about
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COLEOPTERA 589 genera (Jpochus Lee.
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COLEOPTERA 591 2-3 mm. long. One of
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594 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY developed an
- Page 611 and 612:
598 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY tho$celides
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600 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY FIG. 207. Th
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602 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Fuller's ros
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COLEOPTERA 607 --, "A geographical
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STREPSIPTERA 615 Polistes gallicus
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620 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Antenna; - v
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622 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY anterior scu
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HYMENOPTERA 625 II to IX and X or a
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634 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Family CEPHI
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HYMENOPTERA 637 5. Body flea-like o
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, \ , \ -.; Il> ,g \
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646 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Family STEPH
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648 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY Family CYNIP
- Page 665:
652 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY 13. Antennre
- Page 674 and 675:
HYMENOPTERA 661 The family consists
- Page 677:
664: COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY E FIG. 232.
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HYMENOPTERA 676 the members of each
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680 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY' feeding oth
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692 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY without clos
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698 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY boreal North
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702 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY does not ext
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706 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY somewhat res
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712 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY hatching and
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HYMENOPTERA 719 Water - collected d
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-:-22 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY ROHWER, S.
- Page 739 and 740:
726 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY HAUPT, H., "
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CHAPTER XXXV 32. Order DIPTERA 1 Li
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'134 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY INTERNAL AN
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738 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY 71. Family *
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DIPTERA the bend, the costa fractur
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750 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY esses, and f
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754 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY specks of so
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756 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY 3. Quartan m
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758 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY The respirat
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764 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY (1) Free-liv
- Page 783 and 784:
770 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY lower ones s
- Page 786:
DIPTERA 773 equipped with chitinous
- Page 791:
7'18 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY One of the
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DIPTERA 781 breed in various kinds
- Page 796:
DIPTERA 783 shortened; oval, cylind
- Page 799:
786 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY common Europ
- Page 807:
794 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY 305-6, 1941.
- Page 816:
DrPTERA 803 which are mostly indige
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DIPTERA 807 (= Chrysomyia), Cordylo