LIBRARY

LEPIDOPTERA 503
Papilio pelaus Fab. North America - West Indies.
" tho(ls Linn. (and varieties). Tropical North and South
America.
" zelicaon Lucas. North America -- western.
(3) On UMBELLIFERtE, parsley, celery, carrots, poison hemlock, water
hemlock, sweet fennel, etc. These plants may be alternate hosts for
many species including some on Citrus. Larvce commonly polymorphic.
Papilio ajax Linn. Parsnip swallowtail. North America - eastern.
.. bairdii Edwards. North America - southwest.
"
"
brevicauda Saunders. North America.
demodocus Esper. Common in South Africa. Madagascar.
machaon Linn. European swallowtail. Europe, northern
Asia. and northern North America. Common.
" zelicaon Lucas. North America - western.
(4) Various Shrubs and Trees. Temperate species. Caterpillars somewhat
variable in color but mostly greenish and with large thoracic eyespots.
Papilio daunus Bdv. the largest western North American species,
with 100-140 mm. expanse; on ash. cherry, chokecherry, plums.
" eurymedon Bdv. on Rhamnus and Ceanothus. Western
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
North America.
cresphontes Cramer. on prickly ash and hop tree. Tropical
North America.
glaucus Linn./ the yellow swallowtailj on cherry, plum, and
other ROSACEJE in eastern North America.
marcellus Cramer, the Zebra swallowtailj on papaw in
eastern North America.
palamedes Drury, the palamedes; on magnolia in southeastern
North America.
rutulus Lucus, the commonest species in western North
America; on fruit trees, wild cherry, plum. berries, and other
ROSACEJE, and quite abundant on the elms and ornamental
sycamore or plane trees in cities and parks.
thoas Linn.; on prickly ash and hop tree in eastern and
southern United States and Mexico.
troilus Linn., spicebush swallowtailj on laurel, sassafras,
and spicebush in eastern North America.
There are a number of very interesting tropical species. N. D. Riley (1931),
Keeper of Insects in the British Museum of Natural History. thinks the African
swallowtail, Papilio dardanus Brown, is in many ways the most remarkable
1 The common yellow or tiger swallowtail, P. glaucus Linn. (= lumus Linn.), was the
first American butterfly ever to be illustrated, a rough drawing appearing in the early English
work. Insettorum sive MinimoTum Animalium Theatrum. by Tho. Moufet. published in Lon·
don in 1634. A copy of the title page of this work appears as the frontispiece to this book.
(See Holland. 1931. pp. 304-307.)