LIBRARY

LEPIDOPTERA 499
(1926) probably the most remarkable and archaic existing species is the
Australian regent skipper, Euschemon rafJlesia MacLeay, in which both the
frenulum and retinaculum are present in the males. The gregarious larvre
web the leaves of the host, Wilkiea. The Iarvre of Eantz"s thraso Hubner are
striped green and yellow and are injurious to cilrus in the West Indies. Leaves
are used as shelters for the caterpillars and chrysalids.
One of the commonest North American species is the Northern dusky wing,
Thorybes pylades Scudder, expanse 35-40 mm., yellowish-brown with while
spots, which ranges from South America into Canada. The gray skipper,
Pyrgus communis Grote, feeding on malva, and the field skipper, AtaioJ)€des
campeslris (Bdv.), feeding on grasses, occur throughout much of North America.
(23) Superfamily PAPILIONOIDEA Dyar 1902
l';'EY TO IMPORTANT FAMILIES
1. Forelegs normal and functional; if reduced in size the claws toothed or
bifid 2
Forelegs, particularly in the male, specialized and not used for walking;
claws, when present, neither toothed nor bifid 4
2. Claws large, neither toothed nor bi11d; fore tibial with pads; fore wings
with Cu apparently four-branched and with two or three anal veins;
anal area of hind wings reduced and but one anal vein present. 3
Claws biftd; fore tibire without pads; fore wings with ell apparently
three-branched and with two anal veins. Small to medium-sized
butterflies; yellow, orange or white marked with black (Whites,
Orange-tips, Sulphurs, Brimstones, etc.) . PIElUDJE p. 506
3. Fore wings with radius five-branched, anal cross vein present; margin
of hind wings often wavy or notched and extending backwards into
one or more pairs of prolongations or tails. Large showy butterflies.
(Swallowtails, Papilios, Orange Dogs.) PAPILIONlDJE p.5OO
Fore wings with radius four-branched, without a11al cross vein; tails absent.
Medium-sized alpine butterflies; colors, white or cream marked
with black and with round red or yellow spots PARNASSUDlE p.505
4. Forelegs much reduced in size in both sexes and folded against thorax
and not used for walking; tarsi one-segmented in rnale and fivesegmented
in female; claws absent; fore wings with radius fivebranched
. 5
Forelegs of female used for walking and each with two claws; those of
male reduced and each with a single claw; fore wings with radius
three- or four-branched . 9
5. Hind wings with discal cell closed by distinct vein 6
Hind wings with discal cell open or closed by an indistinct vein . 8
6. Fore tarsi of female terminating in a furrowed knob; fore wings with
Aa present; antennre without scales. Large, brightly colored butterflies.
(Monarchs and Milkweed Butterflies.) . DANAIDB p.508
Fore tarsi of female somewhat abbreviated; fore wings with Aa absent.
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