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472 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY
Fusion of subcosta and radius less than one fifth the length of the
cell, or imperfect . . . . . . . . 7
6. IIind tarsus stout, usually not over eight times as long as thick;
tibial spurs often reduced; subcosta greatly swollen at base
ARCTIIDJE (part) p. 472
Hind tarsus more slender; tibial spurs long; base of subcosta not more
than twice as thick as the radius . ., NOCTUIDlE (part) p. 475
7. Swollen spiracles at base of abdomen enlarged dorsally, visible from
above as two rounded elevations on the first abdominal segment;
medium-sized to large brightly colored or metallic moths
PERICOPIDlE
Swollen spiracles at base of abdomen inconspicuous . 8
8. Cubitus of both pairs of wings four-branched, palpi not reaching middle
of the smoothly scaled front. Usually white or yellow robust moths
ARCTIIDlE (part) p. 472
Cubitus of hind wings three-branched; palpi reaching beyond middle of
front; antennre usually simple; frenulum present; hind wings translucent.
Mostlv medium-sized, hut also small and large, robust, scaly,
dull "colored, nocturnal moths some of which have the hind wing
brightly colored. The larva') are smooth, living on plants or in soil
and pupating in earthen cells in soil. A very large and injurious
family. (Noctuids, Millers, Owlet-moths, Cutworms, Armyworms,
etc.) NOCTUIDlE (part) p. 475
9. Fore wings with raised tufts of scales; subcosta free at base, but usually
fused with the radius to near trA middle of cell. Small moths with
narrow fore wings and short rounded hind wings. . ARCTIIDlE (part) p. 472
Fore wings smoothly scaled throughout and without raised tufts of
scales . 10
10. Subcosta and radius of hind wings fused to a point about the middle
or cell, or connected by a cross vein; frenulum present; proboscis
aborted or absent; ocelli absent. SmalJ to medium-sized, dull-colored,
robust, nocturnal moths. The antennre of the males are pectinate.
The females often are wingless or with greatly reduced wings.
Larvre hairy with dorsal tufts and pupate in cocoon of silk and hairs.
Very destructive leaf-eating caterpillars. (Tussock Moths, Gypsy
Moth, Brown-tail Moth.) . . . LYMANTRIIDlE (part) p.478
Subcosta and radius fused from the base to the middle of cell. Small
dull-colored moths . . ARCTIIDJE (part) p. 472
Family ARCTIIDlE I (Stephens 1829), Kirby 1892 (Arc-ti'i-dre, from the Greek
apKTor. a bear; alluding to the furry appearance of the adults and caterpillars,
the latter being commonly called woolly bears). Gennan, Barenspinner.
Tiger Moths.
A group of medium-sized to large, thick-bodied, furry and hairy moths
which are usually white, gray, brown, green, yellow, orange, or red with dusky
or black spots and stripes. The proboscis is very small or well developed; labial
1 Members of the famUy LITHOSIIDJE Stephens 1829 have been separated from this
family. They are similar in gc:ucr;ll aspecls and habits but have no ocelli. In Australia they
more or leas replace the ARCTIIDtE.