LIBRARY

4E6
COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY
species have been observed feeding near or on mealybugs, unarmored scales,
and other coccids. Pupation occurs in a thin silken cocoon which is lace-like in
Schrerkensteillia. The larvre of most of the described species are still unknown.
Certain species in the genera .4ugasma H.-S., Calicotis Meyrick, Cycloplasis
Clemens, Heliodincs Slainton, Idioglossa Walsingham, Schreckensteim'a Hilbner,
and ScelortJlIIs Busck are known to be plant feeders while those of Ellclemensia
Grote, CEdematopotia Zeller, and Statllmopoda Stainton are reported as predacious
un coccids. Certain species in the latter predacious genera are also known
to be herbivorous.
Family YPONOMEUTIDlE 1 Stephens 1829 (Y'po-no-meut'i-dre, from the
Greek i17roJ.loj.L€vW, to mine; referring to the mining habits of the larvre).
Beautiful Mining Moths.
Small moths with expanse of 12-25 mm.; often strikingly and beautifully
colored. Head smooth or with anterior tuft. Ocelli very small or absent. Mouth
parts poorly developed; maxillary palpi vestigial or absent; labial palpi variable,
thin, smooth. Metathorax very large; scutum undivided. Wings rather wide;
fore pair wi th st igma, rounded margin. and large accessory cell; hind pair almost
as large as fore wings and with short fringe or lanceolate and without fringe;
M3 absent. Eggs usually somewhat flattened. Caterpillars naked; prothoracic
prespiracular wart with three setre; primary setre only present; crochets of
prolegs in several complete circles; living singly or gregariously in webs. Pupre
obtect; abdominal spiracles tubular and extended; cremaster represented by
four setre; enclosed in cocoons.
This is a medium-sized family well represented throughout the world. Cer.
tain species are quite destructive to conifers and to evergreen and deciduous
trees and shrubs. Many species are gregarious and free-living on the foliage
while others are miners in leaves, twigs, and fruits. The most important widely
distributed genera are Argyresthia Hilbner, Attena Walker, Lactura Walker,
Prays Hilbner, Swammerdamia Hiibner, Urodes Hertich-Schaffer, Yponomeuta
Latr., and Zelleria Stain ton.
(9) Superfamily GELECHIOIDEA Mosher 1916
KEY TO IMPORTANT FAMILIES
1. Radius and first wedial vein of hind wings close together or stalked 2
Radius 311d first medial vein of hind wings widely separate at base, at
least half as far apart as at the margin. . . . . . . . 4
2. Hind wings lanceolate (tapering towards base and apex), narrower than
the fore wings; with cubital pecten. Tiny moths often with metallic
markings . . . . . . . . . . . COSMOPTERYGIDlE
Hind wings not lanceolate. wider than fore wings . . • . . 3
3. Fore wings with the fourth and fifth radial veins stalked; hind wings
trapezoidal and usually wider, strongly rounded out at the end of the
1 HYPONOMEUTIDIE of many authors is incorrect since the type genus is YpQnomeuta
Latreille li\ld not Hyponomeuta.