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LEPIDOPTERA 441
fore wing; proboscis absent. Larvre wood borers. (Carpenter or Goat
Moths.) . . . . . COSSOIDEA p. 443
Vein M and two main branches incomplete or, if complete as indicated
above, then the areole is absent. . 2
2. Vein M present as a simple vein within the basal cell or rarely branched
in one or both pairs of wings. . . .... 3
Vein M and its branches greatly reduced or absent in the basal ceI! 4
3. Fore wings with M3H well developed within the cell; MIH usually absent;
hind wings with Ma1-4 only present and far removed from Rs
and near Cu.; hind wings with Cu, vestigial. Maxillary palpi present;
labial palpi short; proboscis present or absent; antennre clavate.
Day-flying moths of Australia and South America. Larvre burrow
in stems or roots of grasses. . CASTNIOIDEA p. 446
Fore wings with single stem of M extending through and branching
beyond the cell; both wings with Cu, well developed (rarely wanting
in either); hind wings with SC + R, remote from R. beyond the
cell; proboscis and palpi atrophied; posterior tibial spurs much reduced;
middle spurs often absent. The larVa:! live freely, in cases or
as wood borers, and the adults are diurnal and nocturnal. (Bagworros,
Case Moths, Burnet Moths, Foresters, Cup Moths.) (See
couplet 6.) ZYGlENOIDEA p. 469
4. Wings with aculere, or minute needle-like spicules, over the general
surface' 5
Wings with aculere absent or confined to only small areas. 6
6. Venation fairly complete; antenna! without eye cap; ovipositor piercing.
Larv::e, case bearers or borers. Adults. small to minute; some
with very long antennre. (Case Bearers, Yucca Moths, Leaf Miners.)
INCURVARIOIDEA p.451
Venation much reduced; cell very small or absent; antennre with large
eye cap' ovipositor absent; labial palpi short; maxillary palpi long;
proboscis vestigial. Larv.e miners and rarely gall makers. Adults
minute . NEPTICULOIDEA p. 450
6. Wings large; venation primitive; Sc and R of hind wings usually uniting
along cell. (See couplet 3.) . ZYGlENOIDEA p. 469
Wings large or small; venation well developed, soft scaled with or without
long fringes, often linear or lanceolate in small species; Se and R
of hind wings rarely or never fusing beyond cell and rarely fusing at
all; proboscis may be scaled at base . 7
7. Wings with soft scales and small anal regions . 8
Wings with firm fine scales and ample anal regions; fore wings with
areole; CU2 generally present in hind wings; maxillary palpi reduced;
labial palpi moderately well developed and porrect; proboscis usually
present; legs long and slender. Larvre mostly phytophagous
and saprophagous. Large group of small to medium-sized moths.
(pyralid Moths.). . PYRALIDOIDEA p. 463
8. Fore wings with first A rarely lost unless wing if! very narrow. 9
Fore wings with first A almost always rudimentary or lost. 14
Fore wings usually long and narrow, with first A strong and tubular,
without areole, and R3 and R. nearly always coincident; hind wings