LIBRARY

428 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY
are among the latest insects to appear, and no positive records occur beyond the
Tertiary. although Tillyard believes that forms related to the MICROPTERY­
GIDiE must have existed in the Lias, the oldest division of the European Jurassic.
Butterflies occurred in the Eocene and Oligocene of North America, and
small moths have been found in European Oligocene Baltic Amber.
The order is a large one numbering about 105,000 species, 1,000 genera, and
190 families. The species are widely distributed throughout the world. The
largest and most beautiful specimens live in the tropics. but many fine species
also adorn the temperate regions.
The classification of the order presents so many difficulties that no adequate
attempt is made to enter this field. At the present time there is no complete
systematic arrangement of suborders, superfamilies, series. and families other
than that of Brues and Melander (1932). The writer has had much difficulty in
arranging these various categories in proper sequence. In general the families
as listed by Brues and Melander and the systems of Brohmer. Ehrmann, and
Ulmer (1932) have been used as a basis for the following classification.
CLASSIFICATION
I. Suborder JUGATiE Comstock 1892 1 (HOMONEURA Tillyard 1918)
(1) Superfamily MICROPTERYGOIDEA Dyar 1902
1. Family ERIOCRANIIDlE 3. Family MICROPTERYGIDiE
2. " NEOPSEUTIDlE (ERIOCEPHALIDlE)
4. MNESARCHiEIDiE
(2) Superfamily HEPIALOIDEA Mosher 1916
5. Family HEPIALIDiE 7. Family ANOMOSETIDiE
6. " PROTOTHEORIDlE 8. .. P ALlEOSETIDiE
H. Suborder FRENAT iE Comstock 1892 (HETERONEURA Tillyard 1918)
A. Division HETERONEURA Tillyard 1918
(3) Superfamily COSSOIDEA Tillyard 1926
9. Family COSSlDiE 13. Family ARGYROTYPIDlE
10. .. ZEUZERID,£ 14. .. RATARDIDJE
11. ENGYOPHLEBIDJE 15. HYPOPTIDlE
12. .. STYGIARIDJE
(4) Superfamily CASTNIOIDEA Handlirsch 1925
16. Family CASTNIIDA1:
17. .. TASCINIDA1: (NEOCASTNIIDlE)
(5) Superfamily TINEOIDEA 2 Dyar 1902
18. Family COLEOPHORIDlE (EUPHISTIDlE, HAPLOPTILIIDJE)
19. .. MOMPHIDlE
1 HOMONEURA Tillyard 1918 has been used for this suborder and also for the cockroaches
and mantids by Enderlcin in 1903.
2 It has not always been possible to distinguish among the members of this superfamily,
those of the INCURVARIOIDEA, YPONOMEUTOIDEA. and others.