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282 COLLEGE ENTOMOLOGY
cotton bug of Australia; and D. nigroJasciatus Stal and seven other species
occur on cotton in Africa.
The genus Euryophthalmus contains seven North American species. The
bordered plant bugs, E. cinctus CR. S.) and E. succinctus (Linn.), are the most
important. Pyrrhocoris has two common European species: P. apterus Linn.
and P. EEgyptilts Linn. The former is brachypterous and occurs in Europe,
Africa, Asia. Dindymus !'ersicolor H. S. is listed as a pest of fruits in Australia
and New Zealand by Tillyard (1926). The Sumatran species, Lahiia grandis
Gray, a large, conspicuous red and black bug, measures over 50 mm. in length.
It also feeds on cotton in India (Sharp, 1899).
Family TINGIDlE 1 (Laporte 1832) (Ting'i-dre, from Tingi, ancient name of
Tangiers, a village in Morocco 2). German, Gitterwanzen. French,
Tingidides. Lace Bugs, Tingids.
Minute to small bizarre bugs, scarcely more than 4-5 mm. long, with the
dorsum of the head, prothorax, and hemelytra reticulated in frame-like raised
and sunken pattern somewhat resembling lace. 3 Bodies small, thin, flattened,
and frequently spiny in the immature forms and often covered by a much
wider dorsal armature in the adult stage. Head much narrower than or as wide
as the prothorax. Antennre short, four-segmented, segment III longest, segment
IV frequently clavate or capitate. Eyes well developed. Ocelli absent.
Rostrum short, four-segmented. Pronoium sometimes greatly modified to
form a raised hood concealing the head and with disk-like lateral lobes (paranota)
extending far beyond the margins of the prothorax. Wings fully or
partially developed even within the species. Hemelytra transparent or pigmented,
just covering the abdomen or greatly expanded and extending far
beyond the margins of the body, variously raised in ridges and depressions or
nearly flat; the surface divided by veins into costal, subcostal, and discoidal
areas and many areoles. The margins of the paranota and hemelytra may be
fringed with spines. Legs normal. Fore coxre near base of prosternum. Tarsi
two-segmented. Claws without aralia.
These remarkable insects are thought to be wholly plant feeders, and some
species greatly injure wild and cultivated plants. The eggs are frequently
1 The proper spelling of the family name of these insects has long been the subject of much
debate and controversy. The difficulty has arisen from the transliteration of the Greek root
from which the generic name Tingis was erected by Fabricius in 1803. Some of the opinions
are: TINGIDITES Laporte 1832, Spinola 1837; TINGIDtE Westwood 1840, Lethierry and
Severin 1896, Kirkaldy 1908, Osborn and Drake 1917, Drake 1919, Parshley 1923, Butler
1923. Tillyard 1926, Imms 1930, Hedicke 1935. Perrier 1935; TINGIDITtE Spinola 1850;
TINGIDID.tE Fieber 1860. Distant 1903, Oshanin 1908, Schroder 1925, Weber 1930, Brues
and Melander 1932; TINGITIDJE Still 1873, Uhler 1886, Champion 1897, Horvath 1906,
Osborn and Drake 1916, Holland 1924, Horvath and Parshley 1927. The matter has been
fully discussed by W. J. Holland (Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 17: 95-96, 1924).
'Perrier, Remy, La Faune de la France 4: 39, 1935.
• Memhers of the closely related family PIESMIDA3: Amyot and Serville 1843 have a similar
reticulated surface structure but have ocelli. larger wing cells or areoles. and exposed scutel·
lum. The ARADIDJE are also similar, but the reticulations neither are so lace-like nor hide
the body sO completely.