LIBRARY

MALLOPHAGA
Horned pigeon louse, G. damicornis Nitzsch.
Small pigeon louse, G. minor Piaget.
Peacock lice, G. parviceps Piaget and G. pavonis (Linn.).
Variable chicken louse, Lipeurus caponis (Linn.).
Turkey louse, Lipeurus gallipavonis Geoffroy.
Mallophagans are usually quite restricted in their host requirements. Certain
species like the biting dog louse are restricted to a single species of host
while other species such as the pigeon louse, chicken louse, and cattle louse may
infest species belonging to several related genera. Because of these intimate
host relationships Kellogg (1913) called attention to the possibilities that mallophagans
might serve as indicators of the relationships of certain hosts and suggested
a natural law that when closely related species of biting bird lice occur
on more than one host then these hosts are also likely to be closely related.
Following this line of thought Harrison (1915) pointed out the fact that the
mallophagan species belonging to the genus ApteJ'icola Harrison which infest
the New Zealand Kiwis, Apteryx spp., are at most but a subgenus of Rallicola
Johnston and Harrison whose species commonly infest rails and that this circumstance
indicates that the Kiwis which have long been associated with the
flightless birds are according to Kellogg's law more closely related to the cranelike
birds belonging to an entirely different division. This suggested relationship
appears now to have been confirmed by studies in avian morphology.
SELECTED REFERENCES
BEIER, M., "Mallophaga," Schulze, Biologie der Tiere Deutschlands lief. 39, t. 28: 28.1-
28.32, 22 figs., 35 refs., 1936.
ENDERLEIN, G., "Mallophaga," Tierwelt Mitteleuropas bd. IV, lief. 2. vn: VII, 17-
VII, 24, 14 figs., 7 refs., 1927.
EWING, H. E., "On the taxonomy, biology and distribution of the biting lice of the
family Gyropidre," Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 63 (20): 1-42, 1 pl., 1924.
--, "Mallophaga, or Biting Lice," A manual of external parasites, pp. 90-126, figs.
58-70, 14 refs., Thomas, Baltimore, 1929.
FERRIs, G. F., "The mallophagan family Trimenoponidre," Parasitology 14: 75-86,
figs. 1-8, 1922.
--, "The mallophagan family Menoponidre," Parasitology 16: 55-66, 5 figs., 1924.
FuLMEK, L., "Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Herzens der Mallophagen," Zool. Am. 29:
619-621, 1 fig., 1905.
HARRISON, L., "The respiratory system of Mallophaga," Parasitology 8: 101-127, 21
figs., 1915.
--, "The genera and species of Mallophaga," Parasitology 9: 1-156, 1916.
KELLOGG, V. L., "Mallophaga," Gen. Insectorum 66: 1-87, 3 pls., 25 figs., 1908.
MJ5BERG, E., "Studien iiber Ma1lophagen und Anopluren," Ark. Zool. 6: 1-296. 5 tals.,
1910.
NITZSCH, C. L., "Familien und Gattungen Tierinsekten," Germars Mag. Ent. 8: 261-
316, 1818.
OSBORN, H., "The Pediculi and Mallophaga affecting man aug tlw. lower aoimals,"
U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull. 7: i-54, 40 figs:, 1&91, .
201