Isothermal process on p-V, T-V, and p-T diagrams

p
a
Q in
W < 0
Q out
For a refrigerator, the
cycle is always
counterclockwise.
Expansion happens at
low pressure,
compression at high
pressure and this takes
work. Heat is drawn in at
T C and expelled at T H .
c
V
Refrigerators (heat pumps)
Q C = Q in
Q H = Q out
W in = –W
PHYS 1101, Winter 2009, Prof. Clarke 37
p
a
S 1
T C
S2 Qout d
adiabats
b
isotherms
T H
Q in
c
V
As for an engine, the most
optimal thermodynamical
cycle for a refrigerator is the
Carnot cycle traversed in
the counterclockwise
direction (opposite to the
engine).