English-Afar Dictionary Enid M. Parker - Dunwoody Press
English-Afar Dictionary Enid M. Parker - Dunwoody Press
English-Afar Dictionary Enid M. Parker - Dunwoody Press
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<strong>English</strong>-<strong>Afar</strong> <strong>Dictionary</strong><br />
<strong>Enid</strong> M. <strong>Parker</strong>
<strong>English</strong>-<strong>Afar</strong> <strong>Dictionary</strong><br />
<strong>Enid</strong> M. <strong>Parker</strong><br />
2006<br />
<strong>Dunwoody</strong> <strong>Press</strong>
<strong>English</strong>-<strong>Afar</strong> <strong>Dictionary</strong><br />
Copyright © 2006 McNeil Technologies Inc.<br />
All rights reserved.<br />
No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic<br />
or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and<br />
retrieval system, without the prior written permission of McNeil Technologies Inc.<br />
All inquiries should be directed to:<br />
<strong>Dunwoody</strong> <strong>Press</strong><br />
6564 Loisdale Ct, Suite 900<br />
Springfield, VA 22150<br />
USA<br />
ISBN-13: 978-1-931546-23-2<br />
ISBN-10: 1-931546-23-1<br />
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2006932808<br />
Printed and bound in the United States of America
Table of Contents<br />
Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................................i<br />
About the <strong>Dictionary</strong><br />
The Author's Work .............................................................................................................................................iii<br />
The Present <strong>Dictionary</strong>........................................................................................................................................v<br />
Abbreviations...........................................................................................................................................................vii<br />
The <strong>Dictionary</strong><br />
A.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1<br />
B ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21<br />
C........................................................................................................................................................................ 37<br />
D........................................................................................................................................................................ 71<br />
E ........................................................................................................................................................................ 96<br />
F....................................................................................................................................................................... 114<br />
G...................................................................................................................................................................... 134<br />
H...................................................................................................................................................................... 145<br />
I ....................................................................................................................................................................... 157<br />
J....................................................................................................................................................................... 174<br />
K...................................................................................................................................................................... 176<br />
L ...................................................................................................................................................................... 179<br />
M ..................................................................................................................................................................... 189<br />
N...................................................................................................................................................................... 204<br />
O...................................................................................................................................................................... 210<br />
P....................................................................................................................................................................... 216<br />
Q...................................................................................................................................................................... 240<br />
R...................................................................................................................................................................... 242<br />
S....................................................................................................................................................................... 259<br />
T ...................................................................................................................................................................... 291<br />
U...................................................................................................................................................................... 304<br />
V...................................................................................................................................................................... 309<br />
W..................................................................................................................................................................... 313<br />
X...................................................................................................................................................................... 321<br />
Y...................................................................................................................................................................... 321<br />
Z ...................................................................................................................................................................... 322
Acknowledgements<br />
The most important contribution to this dictionary came from Dr Lionel Gurney, founder and original<br />
leader of the Red Sea Mission Team. It was his asking me to move from teaching to become involved<br />
with recording the <strong>Afar</strong> language in 1967 that prepared me for a transfer to language research under the<br />
auspices of the Haile Selassie University in Addis Ababa, before moving to Djibouti by kind permission<br />
of the government there. At every level Dr Gurney encouraged me. It was his commitment to serving the<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> people that was a constant inspiration. I am also very appreciative of the continuing support of<br />
members of the Red Sea Mission Team.<br />
Generous grants have been received from the British Academy, a small grant from the Central Research<br />
Fund, a kind grant from Richard Alderson’s legacy and other Christian friends.<br />
The Institut Supérieur d’Études et de Recherches Scientifiques de Djibouti (ISERST) supported my<br />
application for a Djibouti visa and paid <strong>Afar</strong> helpers from 1985 to 1994.<br />
From September 2003 <strong>Dunwoody</strong> <strong>Press</strong> provided finance for further checking.<br />
Professor R J Hayward of the London School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) contributed in the<br />
early stages in an editorial capacity. Thanks are also due to Professor I M Lewis and Dr David Appleyard<br />
for their continued encouragement and support, and to Mr Michael Mann whose computerized inversion<br />
of the 1985 <strong>Afar</strong>-<strong>English</strong>-French <strong>Dictionary</strong> formed the very first draft of the present work.<br />
We are grateful to the President of Djibouti, Ismail Omar Guelleh, for sponsoring a Symposium on thc<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> language in the Republic of Djibouti from February 19th to March 19th 2003, and to Ismail Ibrahim<br />
Houmed the Djibouti Minister of Justice who was President of the Organising Committee for the<br />
Symposium.<br />
It is impossible to name all the <strong>Afar</strong> people who have assisted in the preparation of this <strong>Dictionary</strong>.<br />
Among the many, the main contributors were the following: Abbas Doogali. Alawi Abdu Samed, Fatuma<br />
Gaaz, Isse Baragoyta, Mahmoda Ahmed, Moktar Mohammed, Musa Mohammed Abdu, Osman Maruri<br />
and Saleh M A Khalifa. Thanks also to Colonel Hasan Basooma and the men who met at his house<br />
weekly over a period of two years. Encouragement also came from Moumin Mohammed and his friends.<br />
Thanks are due to the fellowship at Grove Chapel, Camberwell, London for their years of encouragement<br />
and moral support and especially, in the final editorial period of the present work, to David Arthur, Mark<br />
Lovell, Andrew Marsay, Andrew Sides, James Waterworth and finally Martin Tasker, whose advice,<br />
support and email liaison with <strong>Dunwoody</strong> <strong>Press</strong> made the final editorial phase practicable.<br />
I am especially grateful to my editors at <strong>Dunwoody</strong> <strong>Press</strong>: to Tom Creamer for his diligent editorial work<br />
and patient advice, and to Aung Kyaw Oo who designed the format, and whose careful checking and<br />
formatting have improved the dictionary in subtle but significant ways.<br />
The sustained goodwill of the <strong>Afar</strong> people has given inestimable motivation and encouragement<br />
throughout the years of work on this dictionary and its predecessor.<br />
The many years of translating and improving our material have made us fully aware that the learning<br />
process is still going on. All involved are very conscious that the material can be improved upon. Nor is<br />
there any attempt to be dogmatic and exhaustive. It is our hope that the material presented will prove to be<br />
a foundation upon which readers can build and extend their vocabulary. Here, it is also appropriate to<br />
i
emind readers that, as with the 1985 <strong>Dictionary</strong>, no claim is made that improvements are not envisaged<br />
in future revisions. Any constructive criticism will be carefully considered.<br />
It is because sentences were included in both languages that this became a large scale undertaking,<br />
requiring constant cross-checking and updating, using different speakers from varying dialect areas.<br />
Without the support of many friends from widely differing backgrounds it could never have been possible<br />
to continue the very demanding requirements and attention to detail. All praise to the Lord God who has<br />
sustained me throughout.<br />
ii
About the <strong>Dictionary</strong><br />
The Author’s Work<br />
I joined the Red Sea Mission Team in 1956. and began work with fellow team members in the village of<br />
Thio along the Red Sea Coast of Eritrea in March 1967, where I opened a school. The language of the<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> people of that region was not in print. so I assisted in the recording of the <strong>Afar</strong> language on a cardbased<br />
file system. As soon as possible, lists of different word classes were duplicated, along with<br />
language lessons for new workers.<br />
The <strong>Afar</strong> people were encouraged to take an interest in reading materials. When we visited homes, the old<br />
men delighted in sharing cultural items which could be used for such materials, and would thoroughly<br />
enjoy hearing these read out to them.<br />
With the full co-operation of the locals, I prepared booklets of things relevant to their lives, such as<br />
riddles, proverbs, stories and educational material. Some of these were printed in the Journal of Ethiopian<br />
Studies, published by the Haile Selassie University in Addis Ababa.<br />
The literacy rate was very low, and the Ethiopian Government gave permission for people to become<br />
literate in their own tribal language before starting on the national language, Amharic. Accordingly, with<br />
my <strong>Afar</strong> assistants, I produced a set of five primers. These have had widespread use.<br />
Encouragement came from Ali Aref Bourhan, the <strong>Afar</strong> President of the French Territory of the <strong>Afar</strong>s and<br />
Issas, the country which became the independent Republic of Djibouti in 1977. After we decided that an<br />
<strong>Afar</strong>-<strong>English</strong> dictionary should be printed for public use, <strong>Enid</strong> asked President Ali Aref which script the<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> people wanted us to use. He replied “We want the Latin script”. Later, in reply to a letter written in<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> <strong>Enid</strong> sent to him, and employing the same adaptation of the Latin (Roman) script <strong>Enid</strong> used, he<br />
wrote, in effect, that hers was the first time he had seen his language written down. He added that the<br />
important thing was to get the language in print. He supported and encouraged our service to his people.<br />
Because French was the national language of the country, we added French to the dictionary glosses.<br />
The result was An <strong>Afar</strong>-<strong>English</strong>-French <strong>Dictionary</strong> (With Grammatical Notes in <strong>English</strong>), co-authored<br />
with R J Hayward, published in 1985 by the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of<br />
London (and re-published with minor corrections in 1992). The work was conceived primarily to give<br />
<strong>English</strong>-language audiences access to the <strong>Afar</strong> language, and contains much valuable background on the<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> language.The 1985 dictionary however also stirred considerable interest among the <strong>Afar</strong> people,<br />
firstly in wider printed works in their own language, and secondly in a follow-on <strong>English</strong>-<strong>Afar</strong> dictionary.<br />
It is a remarkable privilege to be involved in writing down a language for its people’s use. Not only is the<br />
work rewarding in itself, it has led to acclaim from the <strong>Afar</strong> people for which I am humbly grateful. The<br />
title Qasa Molta (Respected Lioness) was bestowed on me in Ba'adu in the 1970s. At a month-long<br />
symposium on the <strong>Afar</strong> language in February-March 2003, the present Somali President of the Republic<br />
of Djibouti, Ismail Omar Geulleh, gave me the country’s medal and nominated me a Commandeur de<br />
l’Ordre National du 27 Juin in recognition of my 40 years’ work on the <strong>Afar</strong> language.<br />
iii
The Present <strong>Dictionary</strong><br />
As will be clear from the above, the present dictionary is a companion volume to the 1985 <strong>Afar</strong>-<strong>English</strong>-<br />
French <strong>Dictionary</strong>.<br />
The present work is conceived primarily to give <strong>Afar</strong>s access to the <strong>English</strong> language. Each <strong>English</strong><br />
headword (and subheadword) is accompanied by its phonetic pronunciation, its <strong>English</strong> part of speech, a<br />
corresponding <strong>Afar</strong> translation, and a complete example sentence in <strong>English</strong>, also translated into <strong>Afar</strong>, to<br />
illustrate a usage of the <strong>English</strong> word.<br />
Over 10,000 <strong>English</strong> headwords are included. The list of headwords includes all words translated from<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> into <strong>English</strong> in the <strong>Afar</strong>-<strong>English</strong>-French dictionary, plus additional words such as abstract and<br />
technical vocabulary from various fields, and words obtained by cross-checking against <strong>English</strong><br />
dictionaries into geographically adjacent languages including Arabic and Amharic. It is anticipated that<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> speakers, needing words beyond those represented in the present work, will be able to look them up<br />
in an <strong>English</strong>-only dictionary.<br />
Since the target audience of the dictionary is primarily <strong>Afar</strong>, full information on each <strong>Afar</strong> word used in<br />
translation is not given. For this, see the <strong>Afar</strong>-<strong>English</strong>-French dictionary. Two services to <strong>English</strong> readers<br />
are, however, given: firstly, a syllable of high tone is marked where it is non-final, and secondly, the<br />
underlying form of consonant-final nouns is given in parentheses after the standard form.<br />
The question of dialects has arisen in both <strong>Afar</strong> and <strong>English</strong>.<br />
I have lived in the principal northern and southern <strong>Afar</strong> dialect areas and worked with <strong>Afar</strong> language<br />
helpers from all these, representing a broad range of age and class, and both men and women. I have<br />
sought to translate each <strong>English</strong> word into a single <strong>Afar</strong> word that is understood in all dialects: where this<br />
has been impossible, words from two or more dialects have been used as necessary.<br />
Since I am a UK national, the primary <strong>English</strong> dialect is UK <strong>English</strong>, which is reflected in translations,<br />
phonetics and usage.<br />
The <strong>Afar</strong> orthography is the Dimis-Reedo system. 22 Roman letters are used to represent <strong>Afar</strong> sounds. Of<br />
these, 19 sound similar to their <strong>English</strong> equivalent. The remaining three are assigned to sounds which do<br />
not occur in <strong>English</strong>:<br />
x retroflexed d<br />
q voiced pharyngeal fricative<br />
c voiceless pharyngeal fricative<br />
Dimis-Reedo was also used as the <strong>Afar</strong> orthography in the 1985 <strong>Afar</strong>-<strong>English</strong>-French dictionary. Other<br />
systems with merit do exist, but Dimis-Reedo was already prevalent in 1985, and in 2003 was confirmed<br />
as the official orthography of the <strong>Afar</strong> language at the Symposium on the <strong>Afar</strong> Language, sponsored by<br />
the government of Djibouti.<br />
The <strong>Afar</strong> language proper does not include words in certain classes: such words have been imported as<br />
loan words. Some loan words have long been used and have been adapted into the language with native<br />
spelling: such words include religious vocabulary borrowed from Arabic, for example sóom, fast. Some<br />
newer loan words are still spelt with their foreign spelling, typically either <strong>English</strong> or French, for example<br />
v
talafoon, telephone. Some words are technical and can hardly be said to be part of the <strong>Afar</strong> language, for<br />
example names of less well-known chemicals such as ruthenium.<br />
An interesting example of loan words has arisen in relation to months of the year. The <strong>Afar</strong> language does<br />
not have its own vocabulary for months. <strong>Afar</strong>s in Eritrea and Djibouti, Muslim countries, adopt Arabic<br />
names for months of the lunar Muslim calendar. <strong>Afar</strong>s in Djibouti use French names from the Christian<br />
calendar, while those in Ethiopia and Eritrea use <strong>English</strong> names from the Christian calendar. In the<br />
present work, month names are omitted altogether.<br />
Stress in <strong>Afar</strong> is predominantly final. Non-final stress is indicated in headwords, but not in examples.<br />
Final stress is indicated in headwords to distinguish explicitly, where necessary, from an identically-spelt,<br />
but differently-stressed, word with a different meaning, eg áwka, boy vs awká, girl.<br />
Headwords are underlined in the examples, but suffixes are not, eg marah, for people, in the entry for<br />
mara, people.<br />
The -eena and -eyna endings, while pronounced similarly, are used to differentiate between nouns<br />
referring to people (alkumeena, fiancé) and nouns referring to animals or things (daffeyna, meeting).<br />
The form of reciprocal adopted in the examples is titta, eg titta yubleenih, they saw each other. Other<br />
forms (itta, hitta, sitta) are valid, but not used in the dictionary.<br />
Hyphenation has been used in the dictionary in some circumstances where, in spoken and recent written<br />
material, elision would be used, eg yi-abba, my father, vs the elided form yabba.<br />
Headwords for verbs have been chosen to make it easy to identify the root. For class I, II and IV verbs,<br />
the head word is the first person singular past tense form. For class III verbs, the head word is the third<br />
person stative singular. This scheme is used irrespective of whether the subject of the verb could be<br />
animate or inanimate.<br />
Postpositions such as -gidah or -gidih, in order that or so that, are affixed into the nominal form of the<br />
verb, gexam-gidih, in order that I go. This formal form is used in the dictionary, even though in speech a<br />
homorganized form gexan-gidih, or a completely assimilated form, gexaggidih, is frequently employed.<br />
In speech, the final vowel of a word may be lengthened, for example when a word is followed by a<br />
comma, usuk uguteh, gexeh, he got up and left, or a question mark is maa barray?, who is this lady?<br />
This lengthening is not normally reflected in print, and is not indicated in the dictionary.<br />
vi
adj adjective<br />
adv adverb<br />
aux auxiliary<br />
card.num cardinal number<br />
cf compare<br />
colloc collocation<br />
colloq colloquial<br />
comp compound<br />
compar comparative<br />
conj conjunction<br />
det determiner<br />
ditrans ditransitive<br />
emph emphatic<br />
excl exclamation<br />
expr expression<br />
ext extensive<br />
f feminine<br />
fam familiar<br />
fig figurative<br />
fract fraction<br />
fut future<br />
ger gerund<br />
idiom idiom<br />
impers impersonal<br />
infin infinitive<br />
informal informal<br />
interj interjection<br />
interr interrogative<br />
irr irregular<br />
loc locative<br />
Abbreviations<br />
vii<br />
m masculine<br />
mod modifier<br />
modal modal<br />
n noun<br />
neg negative<br />
ord.num ordinal number<br />
p perfect<br />
part participle<br />
pass passive<br />
past past<br />
pers person / personal<br />
pfx prefix<br />
phr phrase / phrasal<br />
pl plural<br />
poss possessive<br />
pr / pron pronoun<br />
pred predicate<br />
prep preposition<br />
prop proper<br />
quant quantifier<br />
rec / recip reciprocal<br />
refl reflexive<br />
rel relative<br />
sg singular<br />
slang slang<br />
subj subject<br />
sup superlative<br />
v verb<br />
v.intr intransitive verb<br />
v.tr transitive verb
The <strong>Dictionary</strong>
A<br />
abandon [´bœ~nd´n] v.tr cabe; qidòh cabe The crew<br />
abandoned the sinking ship Bahriya suta markab cabte <br />
He abandoned his wife and son Usuk isi barra kee baxa<br />
qidoh cabeh<br />
abandonment [´bœ~nd´nm´nt] n cabti The abandonment<br />
of the project could be a disaster Woo yucussulen taamak<br />
cabti finqa xaltu bicta<br />
abandon hope [´bœ~nd´n hop] v.tr-id ...-k obboode / uqdure<br />
After he failed to pass the test he abandoned hope of<br />
learning Usuk aqayyaarel balaalek sarra barittok yobboode /<br />
yuqdure The nurse did not abandon hope of saving the<br />
child’s life Madaawissa biyaakita awka wadduh abta<br />
macalak mabboodinna / maqduurinna<br />
abate [´be~t] v.intr baggise / fakise; salace When the storm<br />
abates, we will set out Kaxxa rob baggisa / fakisa waqdi<br />
safarenno The floods abated after three hours Weeqi<br />
sidiica saaqatih lakal salace His anxiety has abated Luk<br />
suge bohoy kaak salaceh<br />
abbreviate [´briŸvIet] v.tr uxuxxoyse Some people<br />
abbreviate certain words when writing Sinaamak baali<br />
yaktube waqdi qangooruk tu uxuxxoysah<br />
abbreviation n [´brI~vIeSn¢] uxùxxus (uxùxxusu) <br />
Abbreviation of words is only appropriate in writing, not in<br />
speech Qangara uxuxxus dibuk kutbel akke waytek yaabat<br />
mabicta<br />
abdomen [œ~bd´m´n] n bàgu The abdomen is an important<br />
part of the body between the chest and the pelvic region<br />
Bagi xagarak faxximtah tan exxay, alil kee salcek fanat raqta<br />
abdominal [œ~bdÅmInl¢] adj bagi He had an abdominal<br />
operation Usuk bagi garuq le<br />
abet [´be~t] v.tr umammariinò cato ekke The watchmen<br />
aided and abetted the thieves Wardiyayti garaaqah qokol<br />
kee umammariinol cato yekke<br />
abhor [œbhOŸr] v.tr kaxxam inqibe / ikrice I abhor cruelty to<br />
animals Anu alluwwal ceele wayto baahaanam kaxxam<br />
anqibe / akrice<br />
ability [´bI~lIti] n duddo The new teacher has great ability<br />
Qusbih yemeete kabir kaxxa duddo le<br />
ablaze [´ble~z] pred.adj habuubugute The wooden house<br />
was quickly ablaze Luucaan qarit gira xayuk habuubugutteh<br />
able, be [e~bl¢] 1 v.intr duude Are you able to help me?<br />
Yoo cattu maay dudda? 2 adj duddò le He is more able<br />
than his brother Usuk isi toobokoytak gìffa-inta duddo le<br />
abnormal [œbnO~ml¢] adj qàaxak anè wee Is the child<br />
mentally abnormal? Awkak moyya qaaxak ane maay wayta?<br />
He was abnormal Usuk qaaxak mananna<br />
abnormality [œbnO~mœl´tI] n qàaxak ane wayti The Xray<br />
shows abnormality Xagar raadiyo qaaxak ane wayti taybulle<br />
1<br />
abolish [´bÅ~lIS] v.tr bayise They abolished slavery in<br />
Britain in 1833 Biritaanyal naqoosannu sanat 1833<br />
bayiseenih<br />
abolition [´b´lI~Sn4] n bàysa The workers agitated for the<br />
abolition of unnecessary restrictions laid on them Taama<br />
mari keenil heen faxxiime waa waadoh baysal uguugus abe<br />
abominable [´bÅ~mIn´bl¢] adj sàkkik ene The service in some<br />
offices is abominable Biiroorak baalil aban taama sakkik<br />
tene The maltreatment of domestic animals is<br />
abominable Qafaarite lacal aban ganaysaqo sakkik taniimi<br />
abort [´bO~t] v.intr baxaqe / fànak xale The sick woman<br />
aborted Biyaakitta barrak xalay baxaqeh / Biyaakitta barra<br />
fanak xalte; v.tr baxaqise / fànak soolise They aborted the<br />
space flight Oson qaran fanih gexohhaad baxaqisen / fanak<br />
soolisen<br />
abortion [´bO~Sn¢] n baxaq (baxàqa) Abortion of the<br />
attempted coup failed Doolatkoro gabbatih baxaq makkinna<br />
about [´bA~Ut] 1 prep ...-t, edde The soldier talked about<br />
the war his wife also talked about it Qaskariiti carbit<br />
yaabeh, kay barra kaadu edde yabteh; He was going about<br />
our business today, and so was I Usuk ni caagidit aseh,<br />
anuy, kaadu edde ase What are you talking about? Edde<br />
yabtam macay? I am talking about you Anu kot yaaba <br />
Bring me my stick and be quick about it! Edde isissikay, yi<br />
caxxa yoh bah! 2 adv yakke; kabba-hee; ...-h ceebah ene <br />
There were about ten people present Tabanta yakke mari<br />
suge He received about double the amount Usuk duyyek<br />
namma afto kabba-haytem gee A girl of about my<br />
daughter’s size / age / build came Yi baxah ceebah tan<br />
awka temeete 3 loc.adv ...-l She must be somewhere<br />
about! Is aracak ulikkel tanim faxximta!<br />
about-face, make an [mek ´n ´bA~Ut fes] v.tr-id enkeleelebe<br />
When he heard the order, he made an about-face Amri<br />
yoobbe waqdi, yenkeleelebe<br />
above [´bø~v] 1 prep …-k fayyà; ...-k dagah / iroh Arta is a<br />
town above sea level Qarta baddi caddok fayya luk raqta<br />
magaala The plane flew above the clouds Tayyaara<br />
qamburrek dagah / iroh haadde 2 adv 1 fayyak The<br />
lady called to us from above Barra fayyak neh secte 2 dagà<br />
raaqa Read the sentence above! Daga raqta maxco ikriy!<br />
abrade [´bre~d] v.tr cokoxe Don’t abrade the surface of the<br />
table! Miidik bagu macokoxin!<br />
abrasion [´bre~Zn¢] n musuq (musùqu)/ suxxuq (suxxuùqu) He<br />
suffered abrasions when he fell Usuk yinnikisse waqdi<br />
musuq / suxxuq luk raaqe<br />
abreast [´brE~st] adv sunkaàsunkuh The soldiers marched<br />
four abreast Qaskar fereereyil sunkaasunkuh ibiilot gexxe<br />
abroad [´brO~d] adv 1 afà baaxo The nurse went abroad for<br />
her training Madaawissa barbaritih afa baaxo gexxe Our trip<br />
abroad was good Afa baaxo abne gexo temqe 2 iroh The<br />
news soon spread abroad Xaagi xayuk iroh fixixe<br />
A
A<br />
abrupt [´brU~pt] adj 1 cubè waak The meeting came to an<br />
abrupt end Daffeyna cube waak fixixxe 2 gibdi This<br />
doctor has an abrupt manner A daktoor gibdi qangara / fooca<br />
le<br />
abscess [œ~bsEs] n gindo; awèqta; ofon (ofònu) Our camel<br />
has an abscess on its foot Nì rakub ibat gindo le, The<br />
abscess on his gums burst Riqidil kaak suge aweqti bakaqeh,<br />
The vet lanced the abscess on the goat’s neck Saqi daktoor<br />
reyta fillal suge ofon gilet bakqise<br />
abscond [œbskO~nd] v.intr baade The treasurer absconded<br />
with 500,000 francs Oloyabbixi koona boolih alfih faranka<br />
luk baade<br />
absence [œ~bsens] n anewàyti / deèdal (deèdala) / raqti His<br />
absence went unnoticed Kay anewayti / deedal / raqti num<br />
macubbusinna<br />
absent [œ~bs´nt] adj cerrite He has been absent from home<br />
for a long time Usuk isi buxak cerritay, kibuh yan<br />
absentee [œbs´nti~] n raaqà num (nùmu) A regular<br />
absentee loses his place in the school Barittok gabaak raaqa<br />
num barittot arac is waysiisa<br />
absolute [œbs´lu~t] adj hunun That’s absolute nonsense!<br />
Wohum hunun maqna maliino<br />
absolutely [œbs´lu~tli] adv inkikabuuk / inkìtanih; qìgdu /<br />
inkìnnah You and I agree absolutely Koo kee yoo<br />
inkikabuuk / inkitanih titta geyna He was absolutely right<br />
Usuk inkitanih gitat suge That is absolutely impossible!<br />
Wohu qigdu / inkinnah takkem hinna!<br />
absolve [´bsÅ~lv] v.tr qàfu abe As she broke the law in<br />
ignorance, they absolved her Is madqat iggimah teeqetem<br />
aaxaguk qafu teetih aben<br />
absorb [´bzO~b] 1 v.tr fuuqe The skin (body) absorbed the<br />
ointment Xagar sukati fuuqeh 2 fig hàngi bee; untuxxuqe <br />
This book absorbed me A buuk hangi yok bee I was<br />
absorbed in this book Anu a buukih kiriyaatit untuxxuqume<br />
absorption [´bzO~pSn¢] n 1 fuuqo This cloth has little<br />
power of absorption A saro fuuqo xayuk mabta 2 hàngi <br />
Her absorption in her work allows no time for other things<br />
Is isi taamat le hangi kaliimih wakti mayaca<br />
abstract 1 [œbstrœ~kt] n ayxàxxos (ayxàxxoosu) I made an<br />
abstract of the book I chose Anu doorite buukuk ayxaxxos<br />
eyyeeqe<br />
abstracted, be [bi œbstrœ~ktId] adj inni badal suge I<br />
became abstracted Anu inni badal suge<br />
abstract 2 [œ~bstrakt] adj qellitaàmih 'Thirst' is an abstract<br />
noun Bakar deqsitta qangara qellitaamih migaaqa<br />
absurd [´bs‰~d] adj maqnà màli His idea is absurd Kay<br />
fikrat maqna mali<br />
abundance [´bU~nd´ns] n manginta, faxximtàamak biso The<br />
Red Sea has an abundance of fish Qasa bad kullum manginta<br />
le, They prepared an abundance of food for that wedding<br />
Woo digibih faxximtaamak biso le maaqidda bicisen<br />
2<br />
abundant [´bU~nd´nt] adj rekàq le Following rain the<br />
grass was abundant Rob radeek widiril qayso rekaq teelle<br />
abuse 1 [´bju~z] v.tr 1 ilaqe It is not right to abuse the<br />
present he received Usuk gee acwa ilaqam gita hinna 2<br />
xagite They abused me in what they said Yaàbat yoo<br />
xagiten<br />
abuse 2 [´bju~s] n 1 umà abto Drugs are an abuse against<br />
the person Kas muda coox sahdaytul uma abto yakke 2<br />
ganaysaqo Child abuse is not permitted Urri ganaysaqo<br />
midnisan<br />
accede [œksi~d] v.intr 1 irdiye / oggole He finally acceded to<br />
my request Illacaboh anù kaal esserem yirdiyeh / oggole 2<br />
dardaare When his father died, he acceded to the throne<br />
Kay abba elle rabe-ikkel qarkaytol usuk dardaare<br />
accelerate [´ksE~l´ret] v.intr iysissike When a man called to<br />
me to stop the car, I accelerated more than before. Num<br />
baabur soolisam yok essere waqdi, duma elle beyak sugennak<br />
tet iysissike<br />
acceleration [œksEl´re~Sn] n aysàssa My car has poor<br />
acceleration Yi baabur aysassak qilsa le<br />
accent [œ~ks´nt] n 1 xukkòh asta The mark put over a<br />
vowel is an accent Yangayye amot haan asta xukkoh asta<br />
xiqsitta 2 qangarà korsa It is known by her accent that she<br />
is from the north Kilbatti barra kinnim qangara korsal teetik<br />
tamixxige<br />
accentuate [´ksE~ntjuet] v.tr xukkute In his speech the old<br />
man accentuated every word he spoke Idalti edde yaabe<br />
yaabak uummaan qangarat xukkutak yaabe<br />
accept [œksE~pt] v.tr loowite; oggole My mother in-law<br />
accepted me as a member of the family Yi ballo buxa numuh<br />
yoo loowitte I accepted his decision Anu usuk edde<br />
cabem oggoleh / Anu kay mala oggoleh<br />
acceptable [´ksE~pt´bl¢] adj oggolsime This kind of<br />
behaviour is acceptable Ànna le gexgexit oggolsimah<br />
acceptance [´ksE~pt´ns] n arac (aràca) / òggol (òggolu) <br />
Their bad behaviour has no acceptance with us Ken uma<br />
gexgexit ni garil arac / oggol mali<br />
accession [´ksE~Sn¢] n 1 dardaarìnnu On the day of his<br />
accession they crowned him Usuk dardaarinnu gee saaku<br />
xinto kalawta kaah heen 2 ossontina This book is a good<br />
accession to my library A buuk yi maktabah meqe ossontina<br />
accident [œ~ksIdn¢t] n qawwalayla Omar died in a bad<br />
accident Qumar uma qawwalaylat rabe<br />
accidental [œksIdE~ntl] adj qawwalaylah / hurubbah His<br />
death was accidental Kay rabi qawwalaylah / hurubbah<br />
tekkeemi<br />
accidentally [œksIdE~ntli] adv qawwalaylah The<br />
defendant said to the court “I didn’t want to kill my wife, it<br />
happened accidentally” Kalsitaf makaabon garil “Anu inni<br />
barra qidam faxak masuginniyoy, qawwalaylah tekkeemi”<br />
iyye
acclimatize [´klAI~m´tAIz] v.intr hawa xiqe Because I am<br />
used to the climate of a high altitude, I shall quickly<br />
acclimatize to Addis Ababa Anu fàyya-inta baaxoh hawa<br />
aaxigeemih sabbatah, Addis Ababah hawa xayuk xiqeyyo<br />
acclimatization [´klAI~m´tAIzeSn¢] n hawaxxìq (hawaxxìqi) <br />
Because Djibouti is a humid country, acclimatization is<br />
difficult Yabuuti hawaddimco le baaxo kinniimih sabbatah<br />
hawaxxiq akak gibdih<br />
accommodate [´kÅ~m´det] v.tr aràc ...-h abe That family<br />
accommodated me in their home with warm hearts Woo<br />
buxah mari farcil isinni dabqil arac yoh abe<br />
accommodation [´kÅ~m´deSn¢] n guub (guùbu) Did you<br />
find suitable accommodation? Kot bica guub maay geyte?<br />
accompany [´kø~mp´ni] 1 v.tr waklise The bridegroom’s<br />
party accompany the bridegroom Waraddi qarus waklisa 2<br />
fig lih emeete A cheque accompanied the letter I received<br />
Anu gee gawaab lih banki siik yemeete<br />
accompaniment [´kø~mp´nIm´nt] n lukgèxa; adda A<br />
drum is a good accompaniment to dancing Robbiyok lamtoh<br />
lukgexa karambo aysuk raqta; We worked to the<br />
accompaniment of children’s noise Urri wexxeqtoh addat<br />
elle taamitne<br />
accomplice [´kø~mplIs] n qaxòyta When the thief is at work,<br />
his accomplice guards him and keeps a look out Garqi garqa<br />
aba waqdi, kay qaxoyti deraafi kaah dacrisa<br />
accomplish [œkÅ~mplIS] v.tr ugdube I accomplished my<br />
aims Innih faxem ugdubeh I didn’t accomplish all I<br />
wanted Anu abam faxem inkih magdubinniyo<br />
accord [´kO~d] n tittingey (tittingèyi) The two groups are in<br />
complete accord Woo namma egla duddale tittingey le<br />
accord with [´kO~d wID] v.tr inkinoowe What he says<br />
accords with your view Usuk iyyam kee ku mabla<br />
inkinowtah<br />
according to [´kO~dIN tU] prep 1 elle exce-inna According<br />
to Omar there is a house available for rent Qumar elle iyyeinnal<br />
kira qari yanih 2 takkèh gide He will be paid<br />
according to his work Usuk taama kaak takkeh gidel isi<br />
cawal geele<br />
accordingly [´kO~dINgli] adv tù elle faxximta-inna He<br />
understands the problem and will act accordingly Usuk yan<br />
afway cedah, tu elle faxximta-innal abele<br />
account [´kAU~n¢t] n 1 mucaasaba I keep my own accounts<br />
Anu inni mucaasabat abbaasita 2 gabbaaqo He gave us<br />
an account of how the accident happened Usuk qawwalayla<br />
elle tekkennah gabbaaqo neh abe 3 konti Have you an<br />
account at the bank? Bankil konti maay lito? 4 kàna He<br />
doesn’t take me into account Usuk kanak yoo mali<br />
account for [´kAU~n¢t fO] prep.v.tr sabab xayyoyse, cisàb<br />
xayyoyse I accounted for my mistake Anu innih qellattih<br />
sabab xayyoyse, You must account for the money you spend<br />
Atu teyyeeqe lakqoh cisab xayyoossaama<br />
accountable for [´kAU~n¢t´bl¢ fO] adj gubà le; badà le You<br />
3<br />
are accountable for the car I am leaving with you Kol caba<br />
baaburut ku guba le You are accountable for his wellbeing<br />
Kay nagayna ku bada le<br />
accountable for, make [mek ´kAU~n¢t´bl¢ fO] v.tr phr ...-l<br />
baddoyse Hasan was made accountable for the camel Ala<br />
Casanal baddoysen<br />
accountant [´kAU~nt´nt] n mucaàsib (mucaàsibi) An<br />
accountant is a person who keeps the records of money<br />
received, paid and owed Mucaasib geytimteh, tewqeh,<br />
abuuduh tan lakqo lowsiisa numu<br />
accurate [œ~kjur´t] 1 adj nummà le He gave an accurate<br />
assessment of the situation Usuk yan caalatak numma le<br />
miidaanis xayyoyse 2 pred.adj saciicik ene What she<br />
said was accurate Is intem saciicik tan<br />
accuracy [œ~kjur´si] n numma Can you vouch for the<br />
accuracy of his statement? Kay maysaxxaga numma kinnim<br />
taxmiqem maay dudda?<br />
accuse [´kju~z] v.tr malkite I accused him of lying Anu dirab<br />
kaak malkite<br />
accused [´kju~zd] n malkitèn num (nùmu) They<br />
questioned the accused Oson tu akak malkiten numul esser<br />
xayyoosen<br />
accuser [´kju~z´] n malkitè num (nùmu) Who is your<br />
accuser? Kok tu malkite num iyyay?<br />
accusation [œkjuze~Sn¢] n geyto The accusation made<br />
against me was unfounded Yol heen geyto gitah makkinna<br />
accustomed to, be [bi ´kø~st´md tU] prep.v.intr barite I am<br />
accustomed to his ways Anu kay qaada bariteh<br />
ache [e~k] 1 n biyak (biyaàka) Apply this ointment for the<br />
ache in your back! A boomaad xiiron kok aba biyaakah<br />
ussukut! 2 v.intr 1 ducalsite I ache all over Xagar inkih<br />
yok ducalsitah 2 berrise My head aches Amo yok<br />
berrissa<br />
achieve [´tSi~v] v.tr aracise / ugdube The traveller achieved<br />
his aims Gexenti isih faxam araciseh / yugdubeh<br />
achievement [´tSi~ ~vmn¢t] n agdaabe Her achievement is<br />
remarkable Tet agdaabe kaxxànnah meqe<br />
acid [œ~sId] 1 n asiid (asiìdi) / meteki An acid can burn<br />
other materials Asiid / Meteki gersi tumammi yakmem<br />
duuda 2 adj 1 mùlcu Lemons have an acid taste<br />
Liimcaamud mulcu tamu le 2 fig gibdi Her acid tongue<br />
hurt my feelings Tet gibdi qangara niya yok dananisse<br />
acknowledge [´knÅ~lIdZ] v.tr 1 eeleme / eemene His father<br />
acknowledged his mistakes Kay abba isi qellat yeelemeh /<br />
yeemeneh 2 loowite My clan doesn’t acknowledge me Yì<br />
kedo yoo maloowitta<br />
acknowledgment [´knÅ~lIdZmnt¢] n aàlam (aàlama) / aàman<br />
(aàmana) Have you received an acknowledgment of your<br />
letter? Rubte warakatah aalam / aaman may geyte?<br />
acquaint [´kwe~nt] v.tr iysixxige Parents should acquaint<br />
their children with the danger of playing with fire Xaleena<br />
A
A<br />
isi xayloh gira digir umaanek lem ken taysixxigeemi<br />
acquainted (with), be [bi ´kwe~ntId “wID‘] v.intr boorah<br />
ixxiga le He and I are acquainted with each other Yoo<br />
kee kaa boorah ixxiga lino<br />
acquaintance [´kwe~nt´ns] n 1 boorah ixxiga We have<br />
made each other’s acquaintance Booràh ixxigah tìtta<br />
naaxige 2 boorah yaaxigi He is my acquaintance, but he<br />
doesn’t know me well Usuk yoo boorah yaaxigi ikkalah,<br />
kaxxa ixxiga yot le num hinna<br />
acquire [´kwAI~´] v.tr gee He has acquired a new car Usuk<br />
qusba baabur gee<br />
acquisition [œkwIzi~Sn¢] n addarìyya Is this carpet a recent<br />
acquisition of hers? A fiddimah addariyyi teetik qusbah<br />
inna?<br />
acquisitive [œkwI~zItIv] adj addùrya le We live in an<br />
acquisitive society Addurya le ayyuntih addal sigoh nan<br />
acquit [´kwI~t] v.tr barìh eyyeeqe The court acquitted him of<br />
the theft of which he was accused Mackamat kaal<br />
xayyoosen garqak barih kaa teyyeeqe<br />
acquittal [´kwI~tl¢] n bari On the day of his acquittal his<br />
name was cleared Kaal heenimik bari yekke saaku yoomeh<br />
kaak suge migaq kaak yemqeh<br />
across [´krÅ~s] 1 prep ...-l He went across the road Usuk<br />
gìtal tabe 2 adv baguh / tabtabbih This bed is one metre<br />
across A kaqaada baguh / tabtabbih inki mitri takke<br />
act [œ~kt] 1 v.intr abe They acted quickly Oson abeenim<br />
sissikuk aben 2 n 1 abitto That was a wicked act Woh<br />
uma abittok sugte 2 margaqa The second act was<br />
amusing Nammeyhayto margaqa furkucat luk sugte<br />
actor [œ~kt´] n ransaàbe This actor gained great respect<br />
A ransaabe kaxxa konnaba gee<br />
actress [œ~ktr´s] n ranseena Which actress plays best?<br />
Gabbaq taysiisem manni ranseenay?<br />
action [œ~kSn¢] n gabà qido, abto Now is the time for action<br />
Gaba qido ta waqdi His prompt action saved me Usuk<br />
waktil edde ase abto yoo wadde<br />
active [œ~ktIv] adj carkattà le; hataatabo le My mother is<br />
active Yi-ina abtaamal carkatta le She is an active child Is<br />
hataatabo le awka<br />
active voice [œ~ktIv vOI~s] n abtà xongolo <strong>Afar</strong> verbs are<br />
generally in the active voice Qafarafih abinitte xeflih abta<br />
xongolol kulsi<br />
activist [œ~ktIvIst] n yasgàyye Activists provoked<br />
discontent Tasgayyo wagarisinna uguugusse<br />
activity [œktI~vIti] n agxe / carkatta There’s a lot of<br />
activity at the wedding house Digib elle yakke qaril mango<br />
agxe / carkatta tan<br />
actual [œ~ktju´l] adj nummanummaak The actual cost of the<br />
wedding was 1,000,000 Francs Digibih nummanummaak<br />
tewqe lakqo malyuun faranka tekke<br />
actually [œ~ktSu´li] adv nummanummaak He is actually<br />
related to me Usuk nummanummaak ramad yoh le<br />
4<br />
acute [´kju~t] adj 1 gibdi He had an acute fever Usuk gibdi<br />
faarat luk yen 2 lafèt le The problem of poverty here is<br />
acute Akkel gabaddagiinah calway lafet le 3 xamca My<br />
mother has acute hearing Yi-ina aytixxamca le<br />
acuteness [œkju~tn´s] n gibdìnaane The acuteness of the<br />
food shortage affected us all Maaqiddi aleele waytih<br />
gibdinaane nee inkih xagte<br />
Adam’s apple [œ~d´mz œ~pl¢] n kaxaaxaqa When he speaks,<br />
his Adam’s apple moves Usuk yaaba waqdi kaxaaxaqa kaak<br />
tangayye<br />
adapt [´dœ~pt] 1 v.intr umcugguye Children adapt to a<br />
new place quickly Urri qusba guubut xayih yamcugguye 2<br />
v.tr massoyse Amina adapted her dress to fit me Amina isi<br />
saro yot elle bictannah massosse<br />
adaptable [´dœ~pt´bl¢] adj umcugguye I am very<br />
adaptable to change Anu qusba caalatat xayih amcugguye<br />
adaptation [œd´pte~Sn¢] n qusbà bica kee korsa I myself<br />
made an adaptation of this story which I found in a book A<br />
hayyeyoonay, buukul ublehiyyat anu inni kabuk qusba bica<br />
kee korsa edde abeh<br />
add [œ~d] v.tr tìttat hee; eddè osise Add three and five<br />
together! Sidoc kee konoy tittat hayis!; Write your address<br />
and add your telephone number! Qinwaan isik uktubay,<br />
talafoon nibro edde osis!<br />
add (to) [œ~d “tU‘] v.tr ...-t osise; ...-t hee; …-l osise We<br />
added spice to the sauce Nanu saalot cawaag osisne He<br />
added his advice to theirs Usuk ken fayut isi fayu osise He<br />
added his name to the list Usuk isi migaq roorol osise <br />
Don’t forget to add sugar to the coffee! Bunat sokkar haytam<br />
mahabbaalin!<br />
add up [œ~d øp] v.intr tìttal yemeete These figures don’t<br />
add up A loowoh cisab tittal mayamaata<br />
addition [œdI~Sn¢ ¢] n ixxìm ossisim (ossisìmi); ositina He<br />
can’t do addition Usuk ixxim ossisim mayaaxiga We<br />
don’t want the addition of more problems Calway ositina<br />
mafanxa<br />
addict [œ~dIkt] n suuseèna He is a khat addict Usuk gaat<br />
suuseena<br />
addiction [´di~kSn¢] n radow (radòwu) / sùus (sùusu) His<br />
addiction to khat is ruining his health Usuk gaatal le radow<br />
/ suus qaafiyat kaa daggoysa<br />
addictive [œ~dIktiv] adj kaaribìs le / suusìs le Coffee<br />
drinking can be addictive Buni maqab kaaribis le / suusis le<br />
address [´drE~s] 1 n guubtìiino / sigma Give me his<br />
address tomorrow! Kay guubtiino / sigma beera yoh acee<br />
lito! 2 v.tr 1 sigma uktube Address this letter to my<br />
brother! A gawaabal yi toobokoytih sigma uktub! 2 ...-l lùk<br />
yaabe She addressed me Is yol luk yabte<br />
adept [´dE~pt] adj feerammàqaane le My mother is adept at<br />
making her money go a long way Yi-ina le lakqot mango<br />
duyye xaamtaamih feerammaqaane le
adequate [œ~dIkw´t] adj xiqa Our supply of books is<br />
adequate Neh yemeete buukaat nee xiqah<br />
adhere [´dhi~´] v.intr xakbise This glue makes things adhere<br />
together A xankakkabis tumammi tittat xakbissa<br />
adherent [´dhi~´r´nt] n adòyta He is an adherent of the<br />
opposition Usuk sadi marak adoyta<br />
adhesion [´dhi~Zn¢] n xakbàbbis (xakbàbbisi) Adhesion is<br />
the ability to stick Xakbabbis xankabbimaamih dudda<br />
leemih<br />
adhesive [´dhi~sIv] n xankàkkabis (xankàkkabisi) You’ll<br />
need a strong adhesive to repair that broken chair Woo<br />
tiddigille korsi yaymaaqu maqar le xankakkabis faxelito<br />
adhesive tape [´dhi~sIv te~p] n xankàkkabis baasima Put<br />
some adhesive tape on the bandage on his wound to make it<br />
hold! Dalebbagul heeh yan boor rade waamke xankakkabis<br />
baasima kaal hayis!<br />
adjacent [´dZe~s´nt] adj xoggàt ene / rekàqah ene My<br />
mother’s house is adjacent to mine. Yi-inah qari yi qarih<br />
xoggat yan / rekaqah yan<br />
adjoin [´dZOI~n] v.intr xakàbuh ene Our house adjoins theirs<br />
Ni qari ken qarit xakabuh yan<br />
adjourn [´dZ‰~n] v.tr wadirroose They adjourned the<br />
meeting Daffeyna wadirrooseenih<br />
adjudicate [´dZu~dIket] v.intr mekele Who will adjudicate<br />
between them? Ken fan iyyi meklele?<br />
adjust [´dZø~st] 1 v.tr massoyse They need to adjust my<br />
seat to my height Yi korsi yi massal massoysaanam faxximta<br />
2 v.intr massoowe I don’t think he will adjust well to his<br />
new job Usuk le qusba taamat nagay massowelem makkala<br />
administer [´dmI~nIst´] v.tr gexsiise; ece Who administers<br />
the law? Madqa iyyi gexsiisah? The night nurse<br />
administers the required medicine to the patients Barti<br />
madaawissa biyaakita marah diwak faxximtam<br />
taceadministration [´dmInIstre~Sn¢] n 1 gexsìisaanam<br />
(gexsiisaanàma) The administration of the law is<br />
important Madqa gexsiisaanam kulsa le 2 xinto The<br />
present administration is under fire Axayyi xinto<br />
assacakkuk yangiicilen<br />
administrator [´dmInIstre~t´] n xintossàqal (xintossàqala) <br />
The hospital administrator is very good Osbidaalak<br />
xintossaqal nabam meqe<br />
admiral [œ~dmIr´l]~ n amir (amiìri) The admiral of the fleet is<br />
coming today A saaku baddi qandeh amir yamaate<br />
admire [´dmaI~´]~ v.tr ossokoote We admire his patience<br />
Usuk le sabrì nossokooteh<br />
admirable [œ~dmIr´bl¢] adj assàkat le The doctor did an<br />
admirable job Daktoor assakat le taama abe<br />
admiration [œdmIre~Sn¢] n assàkat (assàkaata) I am filled<br />
with admiration for his work Anu kay toamah, assakat<br />
mangintina liyo<br />
5<br />
admit [´dmI~t] v.tr 1 culuse They admitted the child to<br />
hospital for his asthma Àwka isibbi biyaakah osbidaal kaa<br />
culusen 2 eeleme / oggole He admitted his failure Usuk<br />
yefferem isik yeelemeh / oggoleh<br />
admission [´dmI~Sn¢] n 1 ìs culusaanam (culusaanàma) <br />
The soldier asked for admission to the hospital Qaskariitì<br />
osbidaal daylah is culusaanam essere 2 aàlam (aàlama) <br />
His admission that he was a failure came as no surprise to<br />
us Usuk yeffereemit abe aalam akkale waak sugnem hinna<br />
admittance [´dmI~t´ns] n culmà idni His paper is for<br />
admittance to the port Usuk gabat lem furda culmah idnih<br />
warkata<br />
admonish [´dmÅ~nIS] v.tr sahite The judge will admonish<br />
him, and let him go Cokmaabeeni kaa sahiteh, kaa ruubele<br />
adolescence [œd´lE~s´ns] n duubaliino Adolescence is a<br />
difficult age Duubaliino karmak gibdi caddo<br />
adolescent [œd´lE~snt] n duubale The group consisted of<br />
adolescents Xokon duubalek xissiime<br />
adopt [´dÅ~pt] v.tr 1 xalaylòowitih tabsite The childless<br />
couple adopted a baby girl Xaylo sinni baqla kee barra alqì<br />
xalayloowitih tabsitte 2 loowite The police adopted a<br />
policy of zero tolerance Boliis cabsimaliino siyaasa loowitte<br />
adore [´dO~r] v.tr ...-l lùda le Omar adores his wife Qumar isi<br />
barral luda le<br />
adoration [´d´re~Sn] n rammìt manga Her adoration of<br />
her teacher is unwise Is isi kabiirih abta rammit manga<br />
kasidagnak teetik orobta<br />
adorn [´dO~rn] v.tr bilise The bride adorned herself with<br />
gold Qibna dahabat is bilisse<br />
adult [´dø~ ~lt] n amò le num This class is for adults, not<br />
children A fasli qunxa marihim hinnay, amo le marihimi<br />
adulterate [´dø~l¢t´ret] v.tr darraqoose Don’t adulterate the<br />
butter with oil Subac salid aglet madarraqoosin!<br />
adultery [´dø~l¢t´ri] n dalwa He was accused of adultery<br />
Oson dalwa kaak malkiten<br />
adultery, commit [k´mI~t ´dø~l¢t´ri] v.tr dalwà abe A<br />
commandment given to Moses says “Do not / Don’t<br />
commit adultery!” Muusah “Dalwa maabin!” inta<br />
merracsenti yontocowwe<br />
adulterer [´dø~l¢t´r´] n dalweèna A man who takes<br />
another woman besides his wife is called an adulterer Barra<br />
luk mareyta haysita num dalweena xiqsita<br />
adulteress [´dø~lt´r´s] n dalweena A woman who has<br />
another man besides her husband is an adulteress Baqla luk<br />
mareyta haysitta barra dalweenà xiqsitta<br />
advance [´dvA`~ns]<br />
1 v.intr bisòh exce The government<br />
army advanced to meet the enemy Doolat qande qaduwwit<br />
garaytuh bisoh inte 2 v.tr uysukume They advanced the<br />
appointment from Thursday to Wednesday Kamiisil heenih<br />
sugen xagana yuysukumeenih Arbaqal heen 3 n 1<br />
mamaata We watched the advance of the flood waters<br />
A
A<br />
with apprehension Nanu weeqi mamaata bultukut wagitne<br />
2 maysakama We don’t give advances in salaries Nanu<br />
maahiyat maysakamal manaca<br />
advance, in [In ´dvA~ns] adv mìqih akah We had an<br />
arrangement in place in advance Miqih akah abne bica luk<br />
sugne<br />
advantage [´dvA~ntIdZ] n ìysa elle lem / kùlsa elle lem; fayda <br />
He has an advantage over me Usuk yok iysa elle lem / kulsa<br />
elle lem le There is no advantage in being early Waqlak<br />
yaakumeenimit fayda matan<br />
advantage of, take [te~k ´dvA~ntIdZ Åv] v.tr ...-t intifiqe; nàfqìh<br />
orbise I took advantage of his weakness Anu kay boolat<br />
intifiqe / Anu kay boola inni nafqih orbise<br />
advantageous [´dv´nte~dZ´s] adj faydà le You’ll find it<br />
advantageous to come early Waqlah tamaatem fayda lem<br />
abletto<br />
advent [œ~dvEnt] n biciseenik widir (widìri) People travel<br />
more since the advent of the aeroplane Tayyaara biciseenik<br />
widiril sahda muxxi safarta<br />
Advent [œ~dvEnt] n Masiìc Baaho The four weeks before<br />
Christmas are called Advent Yaasus edde yooboke saakuh<br />
qiidik naharat yan affara ayyaam Masiic Baaho xiqsita<br />
adverb [œ~dv‰b] n abinì gurra Some nominalized verbs in<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> behave as adverbs Qafarafat miggaaqoysen abinak tu<br />
abinì gurrah tandabbe<br />
adversary [œ~dv´s´ri] n feèda; abbatbàxa / tittìn qaduwwi He<br />
was my adversary in the game Digìril usuk yì feeda yekke;<br />
We were adversaries in the war Nee kee ken carbil<br />
abbatxayloh / tittin qaduwwih sugne<br />
adverse [´dv‰~s] adj umàllat le This medicine has no<br />
adverse effects A diwa katassa umallat mali<br />
adversity [´dv‰~sIti] n musiiba It is better for people to<br />
have friends for a time of adversity Musiiba tabbixe wakti<br />
kataysis luk sugaanam tayse<br />
advertise [œ~dv´tAIz] v.tr iysixiixige The owners advertised<br />
their house for sale in the paper Mayballaalaqa warkatal le<br />
wanna qari limoh yanim yiysixiixigen; Don’t advertise your<br />
weaknesses! Atu lito boola isik maysexeexigin!<br />
advice [´dvAI~s] n fàyu The military instructor gave us good<br />
advice Gobti koroh amriseeni meqe fayu neh yece<br />
advise [´dvAI~z] v.tr fayise There are two paths open to me<br />
please advise me as to the best one! Namma gitay liyok, ku<br />
maganak yayse gital yoo fayis!<br />
advisable [´dvAI~z´bl¢] adj fayda le It is advisable to drink<br />
plenty of water Mango lee yaaqubeenim fayda le<br />
adviser [´dvAI~z´] n fayiseèna It is good to have a<br />
qualified adviser Ixxiga le fayiseena loonum meqe<br />
advocate [œ~dv´k´t] 1 n qaxohyaàbe It is good to have an<br />
advocate to help in court Cokmi marol qokoluh qaxohyaabe<br />
loonum meqe 2 v.tr qaxòh yaabe He advocates the<br />
return of capital punishment Usuk rabi digaala gacsaanamih<br />
6<br />
qaxoh yaaba<br />
advocacy [œ~dv´k´si] n qaxohyabti He is renowned for his<br />
advocacy of human rights Usuk sahdaytih cakkih<br />
qaxohyabtil yamixxige<br />
adze [œ~dz] n godma I used an adze for cutting the tree<br />
trunk Caxa daab godmat irgiqe<br />
aeroplane [E´~r´plen] n tayyaara The aeroplane is late today<br />
A saaku tayyaara udurrutteh<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> [´fA~] adj Qafar A lot of rain fell this summer in the<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> region A cagay Qafar rakaakayal kaxxa rob rade<br />
afar [´fA~] adv àlla / badda / gàta We saw them coming from<br />
afar Allak / Baddak / Gatak amaatih ken nuble; I heard about<br />
you from afar Allal elle koo oobbeh suge<br />
affair [´fE~´] n caagid (caagìdi) The meeting was a stormy<br />
affair Aben daffeyna kookarow le caagidik ten He keeps<br />
his financial affairs secret Isi maalih caagid sirrih yabbixe 2<br />
fidoxxìn (fidoxxìini) He admitted to having an affair with<br />
her Usuk fidoxxin tet luk abem yeeleme<br />
affect [´fE~kt] v.tr ...-h xage The rain which fell, badly<br />
affected the roads Rade rob gititte umannah xage<br />
affection [´fE~kSn¢] n kalbixàyna He has an affection for<br />
his aunt Usuk isi-annah kalbixayna le<br />
affiliated [´fIlIe~td] pred.adj ...-t fantaàxaw le We are<br />
affiliated to that company Nanu woo kobbanit fantaaxaw<br />
lino<br />
affiliation [´fIlie~Sn¢] n fantaàxaw (fantaàxawa) This kind<br />
of affiliation is good for protection Annah yan fantaaxaw<br />
kalaluh meqe<br />
affinity [´fI~nIti] n nabsixàyna There is a close affinity<br />
between father and daughter Abba kee baxà fanat<br />
nabsixayna tan<br />
affirm [´f‰~rm] v.tr diggoyse He affirmed his intention of<br />
joining us Usuk nellih yangalu niya lem diggoyseh<br />
affirmation [´f‰rme~Sn¢] n diggos (diggoòsu) Her<br />
affirmation was contested Tet diggos yekeelefeeni<br />
affirmative [´f‰~m´tIv] n kinna They answered in the<br />
affirmative Oson kinnal gacisen<br />
affix [´fI~ks] v.tr ibbixsiise / kafise They affixed a notice to<br />
the door Maysaxxaga afat yibbixsiisen / kafisen<br />
affix [œ~fI~ks] n kàfa An affix is added to a word at the<br />
beginning, or at the end Kafa qangarak naharat takku, widirit<br />
takku, ossimtaama<br />
afflict [´flI~kt] v.tr gandise The disease afflicted him<br />
seriously Lakimi kaxxam kaa gandiseh<br />
affliction [´flI~kS¢n¢] n gandisè biyak (biyaàka), gàndi He<br />
bore with his affliction Kaa gandise biyak xiqak suge A<br />
common affliction suffered by the poor is malnutrition<br />
Tumaleelah xeflih gandi takkem salumi<br />
afraid [´fre~d] pred.adj meysì le There’s no need to be afraid<br />
Meysi loonum mafaxximta
Africa [œ~frIk´] n Afriika Djibouti is in the Horn of Africa<br />
Yabuuti Afriikah Gaysat raqta<br />
African [œ~frIk´n] adj Afriikah The African people are<br />
many Afriikah ummatta mangoh<br />
after [A~ft´] 1 prep 1 làk ...-(a)l; ...-(a)t; ...-(a)k Let’s leave<br />
after breakfast Miidikalo lakal genxay inxica The<br />
President came after the police escort Ummuunoh Abba<br />
qaskar walaabak lakat yemeete The sun shone day after<br />
day Ayro saakuuk saaku diifak ten 2 bàgul After all my<br />
efforts, I failed the exam Anu àbba-hee macalih bagul<br />
imticaanal radeh 2 adv 1 ...-k sàrra The keys were<br />
found after he had gone Mafaatic usuk gexek sarra geytime<br />
2 ciggiile Omar came on Tuesday, his father came the<br />
day after Qumar Talaata-saaku yemeeteh kay abba ciggilta<br />
ayro yemeete<br />
after all [A~ft´r O~l] adv tàkkay immay I was wrong after<br />
all Takkay immay anu hoxiseh suge<br />
afterbirth [A~ft´b‰T] n urriina / urrimàlayya The afterbirth<br />
didn’t come easily Urriina / Urrimalayyi sahlil moobinna<br />
afternoon [Aft´nu~n] n càrra Come and see my house this<br />
afternoon! Amay, a carra yi qari wagit!<br />
afterwards [A~ft´w´dz] adv sàrra The tea was brought<br />
afterwards Saahi sarra baahen<br />
again [´ge~n] adv qaguh; wadirih I must go there again Anu<br />
wokke qaguh gexam faxximta My mother is back again<br />
now A way yi-ina wadirih tuduureh<br />
against [´gE~nst] prep 1 dìddih / sàduh; ...-l; ...-t dabrih <br />
They work against each other Oson tittal diddih / saduh<br />
taamitan The trouble-maker sets people against each<br />
other Fitneeni sinam tittal haa The sailboat went against<br />
the wind Doonik caacayat dabrih gexxe 2 ...-t I banged<br />
my head against the wall Moyya innik gidaarat boodise 3<br />
...-k The children have all been vaccinated against<br />
measles Urruh inkih miniinik aftaboot heen<br />
age [e~dZ] 1 n 1 qùmri / bar (bàra) What is your age?<br />
Qùmri kok maa gide? / Barak maa gidet tan? 2 idoolìnna <br />
His back was bent with age Usuk idoolinni sabbatah corod<br />
baahe 3 daban (dabaàna) This is the space age A way<br />
edde nanim qaran bagih dabaana 4 xèr wakti I waited an<br />
age for you Anu xer wakti fan koo qambaale 2 v.tr idoolise<br />
The many extra duties laid upon her, aged her Teetil heen<br />
fuli fardih mangintina tet idoolisse<br />
agenda [´dZE~nd´] n xagnì mascassa There were several<br />
important items on the agenda Xagni mascassal kulsa leemik<br />
mangom sugte<br />
agent [e~dZ´nt] n wakiil (wakiìli) We used an agent to deal<br />
with our business Ni caagiida bicisuh wakiilil cabne<br />
agency [e~dZ´nsi] n wakaala He works at the shipping<br />
agency Usuk markab wakaalal taamita<br />
aggravate [œ~gr´vet] v.tr 1 iskikkiqe That child’s chatter<br />
aggravates me Woo awki le haxufto yoo taskikkiqeh 2 làfak<br />
7<br />
lafise Don’t aggravate the situation! Tu-iyyaanam lafak<br />
malafisin!<br />
aggression [´grE~Sn¢] n wàrar (wàrara) That was unprovoked<br />
aggression Woh sabab sinni warara<br />
aggressive [´grE~sIv] adj xagìt le That clerk is aggressive<br />
Woo kattaab xagìt le<br />
aggressor [´grE~s´¢] n baàtil baqla An aggressor is a<br />
person or country attacking others first Baatil baqli num<br />
takku baaxo takku naharal migda aysukuminnaanimi<br />
aggrieved [´gri~vd] adj danane I was aggrieved by his<br />
mistrust Usuk yot aba aamine waytik gexxaamah dananeh<br />
agile [œ~dZAIl] adj haliffà le Goats are agile Wadar haliffa le<br />
agility [´dZI~lIti] n haliffa Because of his agility, the old<br />
man moves like a young man Woo idalti haliffa leemih<br />
sabbatah, furrayni angoyya le<br />
agitate [œ~dZItet] v.tr ...-l uguugus abe The workers agitate<br />
the government for more pay Taama mari lakqoh osotina<br />
geyoonuh doolatal uguugus aba<br />
agitated [œ~dZItetId] adj xàkak wee He became agitated<br />
when the boat was late Doonik uduurutte waqdi usuk xakak<br />
weeh<br />
agitation [œdZIte~Sn¢] n 1 xakakway (xakakwàya) The girl<br />
was in a state of great agitation before her exam Awka<br />
imticaan qimbisaamak dumal naba xakakway luk sugte 2<br />
uguùgut (uguùgutu) The anti-war agitation worried the<br />
government Carbi saduh yakke uguugutih meysit doolat inti<br />
tuqunxe<br />
agnostic [œgnÅ~stIk] 1 n Yallabadayse An agnostic isn’t<br />
sure there is a God Yallabadayse Yallih mano mayasmita 2<br />
adj bohòy le She is agnostic about the government’s<br />
education policy Is doolat barittoh le makkok is bohoy le<br />
ago [´go~] adv ...-k naharat The shop was closed five<br />
minutes ago Dokkaan koona dagiigatak naharat alfime<br />
agony [œ~g´ni] n qansàru; gamom (gamoòmu) / cisabbow<br />
(cisabboòwu) The agony of his pain drove him mad Abe<br />
madarratih qansari kaa qayyaawiseh; The mother watched<br />
with agony her sick child Ina teetik biyaakita saldi gamoomut<br />
/ cisabboowut wagitte<br />
agonize [œ~g´nAIz] v.intr cisabboowe I agonized over the<br />
answer to the question Anu essero gacsat cisabboowe<br />
agonizing [œ~g´nAIzIN] adj hawwaànat le I was faced<br />
with an agonizing choice Hawwaanat le doorit yoo yibbixe<br />
agree [´gri~] v.intr ...-t bice; oggole My father agrees that I go<br />
Yi-abba anu gexaamat bice He agreed to give help to his<br />
sister Usuk isi maqanxah cato abam oggoleh<br />
agree (with) [´gri~ “wID‘] v.tr titta gee Their reports don’t<br />
agree with each other Baahen xaagi titta gee cineh<br />
agreeable [´gri~´bl¢] adj meqèllat le / sahhà le My sister is<br />
an agreeable person Yi maqanxa meqellat le sahdayto We<br />
spent an agreeable evening there Nanu sahha le kassoyna<br />
wokkel abne<br />
A
A<br />
agreement n [´gri~m´nt] tittingey (tittingèyi) An agreement<br />
was reached by both parties Namma qaxoh fanat tittingey<br />
yekke The first group broke the agreement they made<br />
with the others Naharsi horti gersi horta luk abeh suge<br />
tittingey makeh<br />
agriculture [œ~grIkøltS´] n buqre His application for a job<br />
was made to the department of agriculture Taamah esseroh<br />
qariida usuk buqre caagiidah biirol xayyoose<br />
agricultural [œgrIkø~ltSrl] adj buqre le Agricultural land<br />
here is poor Akkel tan buqre baaxo fayda mali<br />
agro-pastoralist [œ~gro-pœstr´lIst] n buqrek dacarsittoh num<br />
(nùmu) Efforts are being made to care for <strong>Afar</strong> agropastoralists<br />
Buqrek dacarsittoh Qafar mara loowitaanamih<br />
macal abaana<br />
ahead [´hE~d] adv 1 nahàrat; aakàmuk He is ahead of all the<br />
others in his class Usuk edde yan faslit enna-iyya marak<br />
naharat yan The pack camels went ahead of the travellers<br />
Yeerren gaali gexentak aakamuk daqaarime 2 ellè dacaran<br />
That is the way ahead Woh elle dacaran gita<br />
aid [e~d] 1 v.tr cate He aided me in carrying out my<br />
studies Baritto abuh usuk yoo cate 2 n cato What aid<br />
can you give me? Maa cato yoh abtu duddah?<br />
AIDS [e~dz] n siida / eèdis (eèdisi) AIDS is currently an<br />
incurable disease Siida / Eedis akak iyyan biyak ahak duma<br />
dayla sinni dalka<br />
aim [e~m] n qalaama; hàdaf (hàdafa) / wadba He has a good<br />
aim, he never misses Qalaama kaak meqeh, mahoxisa <br />
What is the aim of this organisation? A missoynah hadaf /<br />
wadba macay?<br />
aimless [e~ml´s] adj hàdaf maliino Life without a<br />
challenge appears aimless Carra / Carsa sinni mano hadaf<br />
maliinot gacta<br />
aim at [e~m œt] 1 prep.v.intr qalaamise The marksman<br />
aimed at the target Qalaama le num qalaamal qalaamise 2<br />
v.tr ...-l escesse He aimed the gun at me Usuk bandug yol<br />
yescesse<br />
air [E~´] n 1 qàran (qàraana); silàytu; ufuy (ufùyu) The air<br />
near the sea is refreshing Baddaafal yan silayti xagar maffaafa<br />
le; The ball went up in the air Koqso qaran tewqe; He filled<br />
the balloon with air Usuk ufuffu ufuyut yengey 2 qàmal<br />
(qàmala) She has an air of disapproval Is raabitsinna qamal<br />
le<br />
air, by phr [bAI E~´] tayyaarat Many people travel by air<br />
these days Axayyu mango mari tayyaarat safara<br />
air, on the [Å~n DI E~´] prep.phr raadiyòt yaabe We were<br />
on the air last night Nanu bir raadiyot yabne<br />
air conditioner [E´~r k´ndi~Sn´] n xamcabuufe In summer,<br />
it is difficult to live in Djibouti without an air conditioner<br />
Xamcabuufe sinnim Yabuutih addal cagayak raaqaanam<br />
gibdih<br />
Air Force n [E~´ fOs] qaràn qande My son is a pilot in the<br />
Air Force Yi baxi Qaran Qandel haadise<br />
8<br />
airport n [E~´pOt] haadbòoxa / tayyaarabbòoxa They are<br />
building another airport outside the town Magaalak irol<br />
nammeyhayto haadbooxa / tayyaarabbooxa xisan<br />
ajar [´dZA~r] adv fakìmit Don’t leave the door ajar! Qaraafa<br />
fakimit macabin!<br />
akin [´kI~n] adj ramàd le / marè le Is that man akin to you?<br />
Woo num ramad / mare maay koh le?<br />
alarm [´lA~m] 1 n 1 qiyto / deero When fire broke out, he<br />
raised the alarm Gira cararow ugute waqdi, usuk qiyto /<br />
deero abe 2 dàllam (dàllama) The noise caused us alarm<br />
Wexxeqto dallam nel ugusse 2 v.tr wiriggise The news<br />
alarmed her Toobbe xaagi tet wiriggise<br />
alas [´lœ~s] interj boolew / caysa! Alas, it is my last day<br />
here! Boolew / Caysa, akkel ah yok illacaboh ayrok tanih tan!<br />
alcohol [œ~lk´hÅl] n alkool (alkoòlu) Alcohol is used in<br />
some medicines Diwak tut alkool yesgellen<br />
alert [´l‰~t] 1 adj cùbbi le You must be alert when you<br />
drive Baabur beyta waqdi cubbi litom faxximta 2 v.tr gàrci<br />
kale Alert the police to watch for smugglers Madqa desso<br />
elle tan duyye makissa kabxaaba wagitoonuh qaskarah garci<br />
kal 3 n garcikàle Sound the alert! Garcikale kaayis!<br />
alibi [œ~lIbAI] n elle sugte-ikkeh sumaaqa Have you an alibi<br />
for the time of the robbery? Garqo tekke saaqat elle sugteikkeh<br />
sumaaqah xayyossam maay lito?<br />
alien [e~lI´n] n beèda The alien is required to register with<br />
the police Beedi qaskar xaqul is yaysixxigem kaak faxximta<br />
alight 1 [´lA~It] v.intr oobe The butterfly alighted on the<br />
flower Laahinti qobortal obte; What time did the passenger<br />
alight from the plane? Gexenti tayyaarak maa saaqatal oobe?<br />
alight 2 [´lA~It] pred.adj urà le Is the fire alight Gira ura<br />
maay le?<br />
align [´lA~In] v.tr rortàl hee Get the men to align the mats in<br />
the tent! Labha seenan siraq qarih addal rortal haytay inxica!<br />
alignment n [´lA~Inm´nt] missa After he ran into the bank,<br />
his wheels were out of alignment Gitak gafanat boodek<br />
lakal baaburuk ibaytit missat kaak maraaqinna<br />
alike [´lA~Ik] pred.adj tìtta ceele These two children are very<br />
much alike A namma awki nabam titta ceela<br />
alimony [œ~lIm´ni] n màhri The court made him pay<br />
alimony to his divorced wife Mackamat cabe barrah mahri<br />
kaal teexege<br />
alive [´lA~Iv] pred.adj ene; unuwwe Is your father alive? Kuabba<br />
addunyal yanih inna? The police want the terrorists<br />
alive or dead Qaskar nacrur maleela raboonu yanuwwoonu<br />
ken faxxah<br />
all [O~l] qntfr inkìh The sugar has all been sold Sokkar inkih<br />
xaamimeh; We were all against their suggestion Nanu inkih<br />
oson nel xayyoosen yaabal saduh nen<br />
all at once [O~l ´t wø~ns] adv.phr inkìh inki-àdda The<br />
people came all at once Sahda tittal luk inkih inki-adda
temeete<br />
all over [O~l o~v´] adv.phr gùbay daga The boy was<br />
covered all over with spots Àwkak xagar gubay daga cinsi<br />
yekke<br />
all the same [O~l T´ se~m] adv.phr inkì gide It’s all the<br />
same to me whether you come or not Atu amaatek raaqe<br />
takkem yol inki gide<br />
all right [O~l rA~It] 1 interj meqeh All right! I will come<br />
Meqeh! amaateyyo 2 pred.adj tù mali It is all right for<br />
you to see her Tet tablem tu mali<br />
all together [O~l t´gEDe] inkìh tittal lih Let’s shout out all<br />
together! Nanu inkih tittal lih deerisnay inxica!<br />
allegation [œl´ge~Sn¢] n hayti The allegation made against<br />
her was false Teetil xayyoosen hayti deedalak tekke<br />
allegiance [´li~dZnts] n caddi Some countries require<br />
allegiance to the flag Baaxooxak tu isinni bandiirah caddi<br />
faxxa<br />
allergy [œ~l´dZi] n cincìnit (cincìniti) My mother has an<br />
allergy to cats Yi-ina dummu kabbak cincinit le<br />
allergic [´l‰~dZik] adj cinciìnit le Are you allergic to<br />
penicillin? Binsilliin cincinit maay lito?<br />
alleviate [´li~vIet] v.tr sahhaloose This medicine alleviates<br />
pain A diwa biyak sahhalossa<br />
alley [œ~li] n toloylo The boy went down the alley between<br />
the houses Awki qarwa fanat tan toloylok oobe<br />
alliance [´lA~I´ns] n qàlla / qalliìnu The two leaders entered<br />
into an alliance Woo namma mirocti qalla / qalliinu haysitte<br />
allow [´lA~U] v.tr idnise The teacher won’t allow the<br />
students to chew gum in class Kabir darsa faslil miira<br />
tacatem midnisa<br />
allowance [´lA~Uw´ns] n 1 càbsu / gabacaboot<br />
(gabacaboòtu) We make allowance for children Urrut<br />
cabsu abna / Urrul gabacaboot naalle 2 lakqò cato We<br />
made an allowance to the sick man, for the duration of his<br />
sickness Biyaakita numuh biyak kaa cabam fanah lakqo cato<br />
kaah neexege<br />
allure [´lju~´] v.tr sangeelise Their proposal allured us Oson<br />
xayyoosen mala nee sangeelisseh<br />
alluring [´lju~´riN] adj sangeelìs le Your suggestion is<br />
alluring Ku tummabulih xayyos sangeelis le<br />
ally [œ~lAI] n qaxiìta His ally let him down Kay qaxiiti kaa<br />
makeh<br />
allies [œ~lAIz] n.pl qallì mara Our allies will stand by us<br />
Ni qallih mari nee qokolele<br />
almighty [OlmA~Iti] adj kaadirrànnu le The almighty God<br />
spoke through the prophets Kaadirrannu le Rabbi<br />
nabuwwah aliilik yaabe<br />
Almighty, the [Di OlmA~Iti] n Fìgu / Yàlla The one to be<br />
feared is the Almighty Akak meysitaanam lem Figu / Yalla<br />
almost [O~lmost] adv xaàrra-hee; ràddah iyya I almost went<br />
to see the floods, but didn’t Anu weeqa wagituh gexe<br />
9<br />
xaàxxa-hee immay raaqeh It was almost dark, when I<br />
came Anu dite ràddah iyyat emeete<br />
alms [A~mz] n.pl dakaat (dakaàta) It is obligatory for some<br />
people to give alms Dakaat taceem sinaamak tul fardiik tan<br />
aloe [œ~lo] n qadquure Aloes grow in parts of the desert<br />
Waxxahentah tan baaxooxak tul qadquure taabuke<br />
alone [´lo~n] adv dìbuk He went outside the house alone to<br />
pray Usuk xaaqo abam-gidih dibuk qarik afah yewqe He<br />
lives alone Usuk dabqel dibuk yan He built the house<br />
alone Usuk qari dibuk xise<br />
along [´lÅ~N] 1 prep addat We walked along the street<br />
Nanu gitak addat genxe 2 adv gabat I took my friend<br />
along Anu inni kataysa gabat bee<br />
alongside, bring [brIN ´lÅNsA~Id] prep.v.tr iqissige The<br />
captain brought the ship alongside the quay Naakuda<br />
markab dikkatat yiqissige<br />
aloof [´lu~f] adj angalecìnitit He keeps himself aloof Usuk<br />
angalecinitit is yabbixe<br />
aloofness [´lu~fn´s] n angalecìnit (angalecìniti) Due to his<br />
aloofness, he has few friends Kay angalecinitik gexxaamah,<br />
usuk kataysis dago<br />
aloud [´lA~Ud] adv fàyya-hee The teacher asked me to read<br />
the story aloud Kabir hayyeyoona fàyya-haak akriyem yol<br />
essere<br />
alphabet [œ~lf´bEt] n alefbaata There are 27 letters in the<br />
<strong>Afar</strong> alphabet Qafarafih alefbaata labaatanna kee malcina<br />
wara takke<br />
already [OlrE~di] adv dumalèlle / mìqih akah I wanted to<br />
catch the train, but it had already left Meelit mataram faxe<br />
immay, dumalelle / miqih akah yok gexxeh sugte I had<br />
already finished this before you came Atu amaate kal ahak<br />
dumalelle / miqih akah gaba kaleh suge<br />
also [O~lso] adv edde; kaàdu They helped their brother and<br />
me also Oson isinni toobokoyta cateenih yoo edde cateenih<br />
When I came alongside them, they took me with them on<br />
their journey also Anu ken gari emeete waqdi isinni luk<br />
safarah yoo edde been Bring sugar also! Sokkar kaadu<br />
bah!<br />
alter [Å~lt´] v.tr korise / ibiddile The typist altered the letter<br />
Kaatiba gawaab korisse / tibiddile<br />
alteration [Ålt´re~Sn¢] n korsa / tabdiil (tabdiìli) There is no<br />
alteration in our plans Abne makko korsa / tabdiil mali<br />
alternative [Olt´~rn´tIv] n badàli / kàla What alternative do<br />
you have? Ahak badalih / kalah maca tascasse?<br />
although [OlDo~] sub.conj wayày takkay Although I am late,<br />
please help me! Ku maganak, anu udurruteh an wayay<br />
takkay, yoo cat!<br />
altitude [OltItjud] n fayiina The atmosphere is rare at a high<br />
altitude Fayiinal silayti qaku le<br />
A
A<br />
altogether [Olt´gE~D´] adv amomìllh What you wrote is<br />
altogether wrong Atu tuktubem amomillih hoxak tan / This<br />
work is altogether bad A taama amomillih umah This is<br />
an altogether bad boy A awki amomilllih uma awka<br />
always [O~lwez] adv ùumman; ìnki He always comes on<br />
time for work Usuk uumman taamah waqlat yamaate <br />
They visit me always Oson inki / uumman yot boositan<br />
amass [´mœ~s] v.tr mododise He amassed a lot of wealth<br />
Usuk mango gadda mododise<br />
amateur [œ~m´tS´ \ œ~m´t´] 1 adj nahadah He is an<br />
amateur photographer Usuk nahadah taswir uguseena 2 n<br />
nahadeèna Bring me a professional, not an amateur!<br />
Nahadeena hinnak, mummaxxig yoh bah!<br />
amaze [´me~z] v.tr qayyabsiise His vast knowledge amazed<br />
me Kaak fiddin ixxiga yoo qayyabsisse<br />
amazement [´me~zm´nt] n qayyàbsit (qayyàbsiti) His<br />
achievements filled me with amazement Kay agdabih<br />
qayyabsit yoo buule<br />
amazing [´me~zIN] adj ablewàynuh tan / axxulle From<br />
where has this man such amazing knowledge? A num<br />
ablewaynuh tan / axxulle ixxiga ankek geeh?<br />
ambassador [œmbœ~s´d´] n safiir (safiìri) Omar is the new<br />
ambassador to Paris Qumar Baariisil qusbih safiir yekke<br />
amber [œ~mb´] adj karhab (karhàba) She wears an amber<br />
necklace Is fillat karhab bila le<br />
ambiguity [œmbIgju~Iti] n namminan (namminaàna) There is<br />
an ambiguity in this sentence A maxcot namminan yan<br />
ambiguous [œmbI~gju´s] adj namminàn le This sentence is<br />
ambiguous A maxco namminan le<br />
ambition [œmbI~Sn¢] n hambarer (hambareèru) The eldest son<br />
has great ambition Narisso baxi kaxxa hambarer le<br />
ambitious [œmbI~S´s] adj hambarèr le The eldest son is<br />
very ambitious Narisso baxi kaxxa hambarer le<br />
ambulance [œ~mbjul´nts] n ambulansi / wassàak meerraytu <br />
The ambulance is needed in a hurry Ambulansi / Wassaak<br />
meerraytu sissikuk faxximta<br />
ambush [œ~mbUS] 1 v.tr …-h ibbixe / …-h kamiine The<br />
enemy ambushed us near the bridge Qaduwwi holhol xaqu<br />
neh yibbixeh / neh kamiine 2 n garuq (garuùqu) / kamiìn<br />
(kamiìni) Several people died in the ambush Heen<br />
garuugut / kamiinit sinaamak mangom rabte<br />
amen [AmE~n] interj aamiin The people all said amen to his<br />
proposal, and accepted it Usuk xayyoose mala sahda inkih<br />
“Aamiin” inteh, oggolte; All the angels cried “Blessing and<br />
honour and glory and power be to Him who sits on the<br />
throne, amen!” Malayka inkih”Taaqel daffeya Yallah<br />
barkatay, massakaxxay, nabna kee qande takkay, Aamiin!”<br />
axcuk deeqen<br />
amenable [´mE~n´bl¢] adj meqehmàrcaba le He is amenable<br />
to any sensible suggestion Usuk ceelak kaal xayyoosinnaan<br />
yaabah meqehmarcaba le<br />
10<br />
amicable [œ~mIk´bl¢] adj meqellat (meqellàta) They departed<br />
from each other in an amicable way Oson meqellatal tittak<br />
baxsimen<br />
amiss [´mI~s] adv qèllat (qèllata) There’s not much amiss<br />
with his work Kay taamat kaxxa qellat mayan<br />
ammunition [œmjunI~Sn¢] n dakiira / rusas (rusaàsa) The<br />
soldier’s ammunition was finished Qandek dakiira gaba<br />
kalteh / Qandek rusas gaba kaleh<br />
amnesia [œmni~zI´ \ œmni~Z´] n kassitè way biyak (biyaàka) <br />
He is suffering from amnesia Usuk kassite way biyak le<br />
amnesty [œ~mnIstI] n qàfu The Government declared an<br />
amnesty for those handing in illegal weapons Madqa sinni<br />
silac gacisa marah Doolat qafu mudde<br />
amoebic dysentery [´mi~bIk dI~s´ntri] n amiibà bagi gexo <br />
Amoebic dysentery is caused by taking in bacteria by mouth<br />
Amiiba bagi gexo beeka lem afah xagaanamak tamaate<br />
among [´mø~N] prep 1 fanat He hid the book among the<br />
clothes Buuk sari fanat yooqore 2 fanal They divided the<br />
money among themselves Oson lakqo isinni fanal kuren<br />
amount [´mA~Unt] 1 n gide Give them the same amount<br />
each! Keenik kulli numuh inki gide acuy! They both had<br />
the same amount of marks in the test Ken nammay<br />
aqayyaareh ixximal inki gide bahte 2 v.intr loowime His<br />
behaviour amounts to serious professional misconduct Kay<br />
gexgexit fardiik mumaxxigle gexsitumaaneh bisuh loowima<br />
ample [œ~mpl¢] adj fùla There is ample room for the two of<br />
you Sin nammayak fuli arac yan; 2000 FD (Djibouti francs)<br />
will be ample for me Yabuutil namma alfi faranka anu<br />
faxaamak fula le<br />
amplify [œ~mplIfAI] v.tr gìffa-hee This room amplifies the<br />
sound A goli xongolo gìffa-haa<br />
amputate [œmpjute~t] v.tr irgiqe The doctor had to amputate<br />
the soldier’s foot Cakiim qaskariitak mayintu yargiqem raq<br />
luk mananna<br />
amputation [œmpjute~Sn¢] n miilì garuq (garùqu) Some of<br />
the soldiers who return from the fighting have amputations<br />
Qeebik aduurinnaan qandek tu miili garuq aallele<br />
amulet [œ~mjul´t] n gaaxòyta There are some who say that<br />
amulets help sickness Gaaxoyti biyaakak meqeh iyya mari<br />
yan<br />
amuse [´mju~z] v.tr digirise Go and amuse the children for<br />
me! Gexay, urru yoh digiris!<br />
amusement [´mju~zm´nt] n waqlarùub (waqlarùubu) What<br />
kind of amusement do you like? Waqlaruubuh maca abtam<br />
kicinto?<br />
amusing [´mju~zIN] adj furkucàt le That is an amusing<br />
story Woh furkucat le hayyeyoona<br />
anaesthetic [œn´sTE~tIk] n cissicàbis (cissicàbisi) They gave<br />
him an anaesthetic before the operation Xagar kaak<br />
qanxisaanamak naharal cissicabis kaah heen<br />
anaesthetize [´ni~sT´tAIz] v.tr cìssi cabsiise They
anaesthetized his gums before removing the broken tooth<br />
Tiddigile moddina kalaanamak duma raqid cissi kaak<br />
cabsiisen<br />
analogous [´nœ~l´g´s] adj celceelo le The two statements<br />
are not analogous Woo namma maxco celceelo mali<br />
analogy [´nœ~l´dZi] n celceelo There is an analogy<br />
between those two Woo nammayih fanat celceelo tan<br />
analyse [œ~n´lAIz] v.tr tacliìl abe He analysed the tap water<br />
Usuk bambok tamaate lee tacliil abeh<br />
analysis [´nœ~l´sIs] n tacliil (tacliìli) The analysis made of<br />
that water showed an excess of minerals Woo leet aben<br />
tacliil maqaadinik fula lem tescesse<br />
analyst [œ~n´lIst] n tacliilìse The analyst is examining a<br />
sample of the water Tacliilise leek rike agaarada<br />
anarchy [œ~n´ki] n fawdat (fawdàta) There was anarchy<br />
among the students Darsah addal fawdat suge<br />
anathema [´nœ~T´m´] n qìgdi That man is anathema to me<br />
Woo num yol qigdi<br />
anatomy [´nœ~t´mi] n xagàr gino qilmi Anatomy concerns<br />
the structure of the body Xagar gino qilmi xagarak xisne elle<br />
taninna yascasse<br />
ancestor [œ~nsEst´] n ràddi My ancestors come from the<br />
Middle East Yi raddi Fanti Maacak yan<br />
anchor [œ~nk´] n boroysi We dropped anchor in the bay<br />
Gobbatat boroysi qidne<br />
ancient [e~ntS´nt] adj akaàkayyu We studied ancient history<br />
Nanu akaakayyi aydaada baritne<br />
and [œ~nd] conj kee; ...-h Nuria, Zahara and Zainab came<br />
Nooriyay, Dahra kee Deynab temeete He went and called<br />
them Usuk gexeh, keenih seece<br />
and so on [œ~nd so Ån] kee tònna tònnah tanim He<br />
brought bread, fish, meat, rice and so on Usuk gaqamboy,<br />
kullumuy, cadoy, ruddi kee tonna tonnah tanim baahe<br />
angel [e~ndZl¢] n malaykàta Angels serve God Malaykoota<br />
Yallah takdume<br />
anger [œ~Ng´] n naqàbu I am afraid of his anger Kay<br />
naqabuk meysita<br />
angry [œ~Ngri] adj naqàbu le Why are you angry?<br />
Naqabu akah litom macay?<br />
angry, become [bIkøm œ~Ngri] v.intr emneeqebe The<br />
mother became very angry because of the way her child was<br />
treated Tet baxak abeenimik gexxaamah ina kaxxam<br />
temneeqebeh<br />
angry, feel [fil œ~ngri] v.intr nàqabu le I feel angry Anu<br />
naqabu liyo<br />
angle [œ~Ngl¢] 1 n gona; ankalàalab (ankalàalaba) Our<br />
house is at the angle of the road Ni qari gitak gonat raaqa <br />
The angle of the shadow from the pole shows it is time to go<br />
to school Qamiddi silaaloh ankalaalab iskoolah edde culan<br />
wakti yascasse 2 fig tummàbul (tummàbulu) I take a<br />
different angle from him Anu kaak baxsa le tummabul liyo<br />
11<br />
anguish [¢œ~NgwIS] n 1 hammi / cisab (cisaàba) He suffers<br />
anguish when his mother is absent Inah ane wayti hammi /<br />
cisab kaal takke 2 kikkaàqa We found her suffering pain<br />
in anguish Nanu biyak qansaruh kikkaaqat tet geyne<br />
anguished [¢œ~NgwISt] adj nadaamà le He uttered an<br />
anguished cry Usuk nadaama le boogeh weeqe<br />
angular [¢œ~Ngjul´] adj gonaanì le; qakaàbayinan le That<br />
house is angular Woo qari gonaani le He has an angular<br />
frame Usuk qakaabayinan le xagar le<br />
animal [¢œ~nIm´l] n bahàyim (bahàyimi) God gave Adam<br />
authority over the animals Yalli Adamah bahayimik<br />
abbowtan yece<br />
animate [¢œ~nImet] v.tr cadìgga-hee The news animated my<br />
aunt Xaagi yi-annak fooca cadìgga-hee<br />
animism [¢œ~nImIzm¢] n Yàllak kalihimih aqabaade Animism<br />
is ignorance of God Yallak kalihimih aqabaade Yallih aaxige<br />
wayti<br />
animosity [¢œnImÅ~sIti] n abbatbàxiino / qadaawat (qadaawàta)<br />
There is animosity between those two clans Woo namma<br />
xaalah fanat abbatbaxiino tan / qadaawat yan<br />
ankle [¢œ~Nkl¢] n xukcuno / kulcunto She banged her ankle<br />
against the metal box Is xukcuno / kulcunto isik birti<br />
sandugut boodisse<br />
anklet [¢œ~Nkl´t] n girda The bride wore silver anklets Qibna<br />
fuddak aben girda haysitte<br />
annihilate [¢´nA~IIlet] v.tr saabò cabsiise We annihilated the<br />
enemy Nanu qaduwwi saabo cabsisne<br />
anniversary [¢œnIv‰~sri] n liggidì madaarah ayro Today is the<br />
anniversary of independence A saaki amobaxxaaqàh liggidi<br />
madaarah ayro<br />
announce [¢´nA~Uns] v.tr iysixxige Omar announced his<br />
engagement Qumar digibih fayxi yeceem yiysixxige<br />
announcement [¢´nA~Unsm´nt] n maysaxxaga This<br />
announcement took us all by surprise A maysaxxaga nel<br />
inkih macubaane tekke<br />
annoy [¢´nO~I] v.tr gadangaddise If you annoy me again, I<br />
will beat you Nammeytah yoo gadangaddissek, koo<br />
aagureyyo<br />
annoyance [¢´nO~Ij´ns] n gadangàddi Having to return<br />
again and again to the government office is an annoyance<br />
Doolat biiro yadudduureenim isih gadangaddi<br />
annual [¢œ~nju´l] adj liggidal / sanatal My uncle paid us his<br />
annual visit Yi qammi liggidal / sanatal aba boosa net abe<br />
annuity [¢´nju~´ti] n sanàt gidya The government awarded<br />
him an annuity Doolat sanat gidya kaah teexege<br />
annul [¢´nU~l] v.tr bayise The new government annulled the<br />
bad laws Qusba doolat uma madqa bayisseh<br />
anoint [¢´nO~Int] v.tr sifà sukuti abe They prayed over the<br />
sick man and anointed him for healing Oson biyaakita num<br />
uram-gidih xaaqo kee sifa sukuti kaat aben<br />
A
A<br />
anomaly [¢´nÅ~m´li] n idiom Having six fingers is an<br />
anomaly Gabat leca feera yaalleenim qaadik tanim hinna<br />
anonymous [¢´nÅ~nIm´s] adj idiom An anonymous person<br />
sent money to the poor man Migaq isik warise wee num<br />
tudagoytah lakqo ruube<br />
another [¢´nø~D´] adj gersi I am waiting for another chance<br />
to get work Taama geyuh gersì saami qambaala<br />
answer [¢A~nts´] 1 v.tr 1 gacise Answer this question on<br />
my behalf! A esserol yi aftok gacis! 2 ukkuqe No one<br />
answered the telephone Num talafoon makkaqinna 2 n<br />
gàcsa I need an answer to the question from you Anu<br />
esserok gacsa kok faxah<br />
ant [¢ ~œ~nt] n xuuneyta Where sugar is spilt, ants will come in<br />
crowds Sokkar elle caxite-ikke xuune luulta<br />
antagonist [¢œntœ~g´nIst] n naqabtoòli His antagonist came<br />
Kay naqabtooli yemeete<br />
antagonism [¢œntœ~g´nIzm¢] n sadiino His antagonism<br />
towards me wears me out Usuk yot aba sadiino yoo<br />
gandissah<br />
antagonize [¢œntœ~g´nAIz] v.tr sàdu ...-l ekke Don’t<br />
antagonize me! Sadu yol makkin!<br />
antenna [¢œntE~n´] n anteyna They fixed the antenna on the<br />
roof to give a good television reception Baddal taybulle<br />
nagay taybullem-gidih teetih haan anteyna qaraamot heen<br />
anthem [¢œ~nT´m] n agatsàare Each country has a national<br />
anthem Kulli baaxo agatsaare le<br />
anthrax [¢œ~nTrœks] n afqassi Anthrax is an infectious<br />
disease in cattle Afqassi laak laat taba biyaaka<br />
anthropology [¢œnTr´pÅ~l´dZI] n seehadamìsso Anthropology<br />
is the study of mankind Seehadamisso sinaaminno baritto<br />
anticipate [¢œ~ntIsIpet] v.tr bàgul eexege / cùbak suge We<br />
anticipated trouble Nanu gadangaddi abbixelem bagul<br />
neexegeh / cubak sugne<br />
anticipation [¢ ~œntIsIpe~Sn¢] n qaàgu He waited for his<br />
exam results with anticipation Usuk isih abeh yen<br />
imticaanal ixximak geyu waamih qaagu luk suge<br />
antidote [¢ ~œ~ntIdot] n qidmeh caxa Give me some antidote<br />
for snake poison! Abeesa summik qidmeh caxa yoh acuy!<br />
antimony [¢ ~œ~ntIm´ni] n kucul (kucùlu) They say antimony<br />
is good for the eyes Kucul intih meqeh iyyan<br />
antipathy [¢ ~œntI~p´Ti] n faxewayti Hasan has an antipathy<br />
towards his uncle Casan isi qammih faxewayti le<br />
antique [¢ ~œnti~k] n dumi dabaanih mansaf (mansàfa) This<br />
chest is a real antique A sandug nummaak dumi dabaanih<br />
mansafa<br />
antiquity [¢ ~œntI~kwIti] n awwalì daban (dabaàna) / dumì<br />
daban (dabaàna) Administering plant medicine for<br />
treatment has been practised from antiquity Daylah caxa<br />
dagaanam awwali dabaanak / dumi dabaanak akah abak<br />
yenen<br />
12<br />
antiseptic [¢ ~œntIsE~ptIk] n beekà qidmeh caxa Antiseptic is<br />
used to kill germs Beeka qidmeh caxa beeka qiddam-gidih<br />
haan<br />
antisocial [¢ ~œntIso~Sl¢] adj agleytiinò sinni He doesn’t enjoy a<br />
party because he’s antisocial Waynabol akah wallite waam<br />
agleytiino sinniimih sabbatah<br />
antonym [¢ ~œ~nt´nIm] n sàduh tan qangara The antonym of<br />
goodness is badness Miqiino umiinok saduh tan qangara<br />
anus [e~n´s] n deega Faeces come out through the anus<br />
Bagi daaco deegak tawqe<br />
anvil [¢ ~œ~nvIl] n kuùr xaax (xàaxa) The blacksmith needs an<br />
anvil Kuuryaaguri kuur xaax lem faxximta<br />
anxious [¢ ~œ~NkS´s] adj nabsì cemey le I am anxious to hear<br />
the results of my exam Anu abeh en imticaanal geyu waa<br />
ixxima aabbeemih nabsi cemey liyo<br />
anxiety [¢ ~œNzA~I´ti] n nabsì cemey (cemèyi) We will<br />
become united and say goodbye to anxiety Angalennoh,<br />
nabsi cemeyik assaqenno<br />
any [¢ ~E~ni] 1 det akkennaan Any house will do for him<br />
Kaat akkennaan qari bicele 2 pron tu I don’t want any of<br />
them Keenik tu mafaxa<br />
anybody pron [¢ ~E~nibÅdi] num (nùmu); faxè num (nùmu) <br />
Did anybody come today? A saaku yemeete num maay yan?<br />
Anybody can come and look for me Yoo esseruh faxe<br />
num yamaatu duudah<br />
anyhow [¢ ~E~nihAU] adv 1 faxèm tanay; faxennalay <br />
Anyhow, I am determined to go Faxem tanay, gexaamal<br />
irgiqe Anyhow, she will do that work Is woo taama<br />
faxennalay abele 2 faxènnal Don’t leave things anyhow,<br />
tidy up! Duyye faxennal macabinay, le aracal hayis!<br />
anything [¢ ~E~nITIN] pr ...-imih; tu I haven’t got anything to<br />
say Axceemih liyom mayyu He doesn’t want anything<br />
Usuk tu mafaxa<br />
anything else [¢ ~EnITIN E~ls] pron.phr àhak kàlihim (kàlihimi)<br />
Shall I bring you anything else? Ahak kalihimiy, siinih<br />
baaha maay tan?<br />
anywhere [¢ ~E~niwE´] adv ulì-ikke The mother couldn’t<br />
find her son anywhere Ina isi baxa uli-ikkel magenna<br />
apart [´pA~t] adv xàquh We are setting these books apart for<br />
the top class Nanu a buukaat daga faslih xaquh hayna<br />
apart from prep ...-k kalihim; ...-k kalah She didn’t eat<br />
anything apart from some bread Is gaqambok kalihim<br />
makminna Apart from that what did you do? Wohuk<br />
kalah maca abteh?<br />
apartheid [´pA~tAIt] n abarsayìd xinto Apartheid means the<br />
policy which separates ethnic groups Abarsayid xinto akak<br />
iyyaanam sahda samadal elle baxambaxisan xinto<br />
apartment [´pA~tm´nt] n roysàn qari; roysan (roysàna) That<br />
family has just rented an apartment Woo buxah mari<br />
qusubih roysan qari kirise Their apartment is on the<br />
second floor Oson qarih nammeyhaytoh roysanat yanin
apathetic [œp´TE~tIk] adj arrahumà le His attempts at<br />
progress are apathetic Kay bisommaxcoh abtoota arrahuma<br />
le<br />
apathy [œ~p´Ti] n niyassìnna He has apathy towards his<br />
work Usuk taamat niyassinna le<br />
ape [e~p] n wàgaq (wàgaqa) Apes have a tendency to imitate<br />
people Wagaq sinam gaawisaamih afkan le<br />
aperient [´pi~rI´nt] n cuxax (cuxaàxa) An aperient is good<br />
for constipation Cuxax bagi kafinaanak meqe<br />
aperture [œ~p´tSU´ \ œ~p´tS´] n fakna The builder left an<br />
aperture in the wall to give light Qarwaxise ifi sabbatah<br />
gidaarat fakna cabe<br />
apologize [´pÅ~l´dZAIz] v.intr qàfu essere He apologized for<br />
bumping into me Usuk yot boodeemih sabbatah qafu yoo<br />
essere<br />
apology [´pÅ~l´dZi] n qàfu I accepted his apology Essere<br />
qafu kaak oggole<br />
apoplexy [œ~p´plEksi] n naqbì mamlaka / naqbì manfarraq<br />
(manfarràqa) Apoplexy causes loss of feeling Naqbi<br />
mamlaka cissi xagar cabsissa / Naqbi manfarraq cissi xagar<br />
cabsiisa<br />
apostasy [´pÅ~st´si] n murtaddiino They punished him for<br />
his apostasy Murtaddiinoh kaa digaalen<br />
apostate [œpÅ~stet] n murtàddi They counted him as an<br />
apostate Murtaddi loowot kaa heen<br />
apostle [´pÅ~sl¢] n doorèn farmoyta The apostle to the<br />
Gentiles was Paul Yahuud akke sinni marah dooren farmoyti<br />
Bawlosuk ten<br />
apparatus [œp´re~t´s] n aaloota / mansoofa The students got<br />
new apparatus to study chemistry Darsa kiimiya barittoh<br />
qusba aaloota / mansoofa geyte<br />
apparent [´pœ~r´nt] adj qadoh / tambulleh It is apparent to<br />
all of us that the boy is bold Awki ligdo lem neh inkih qadoh<br />
/ tambulleh<br />
apparently [´pœ~r´ntli] adv celta Apparently there was no<br />
reason given for his disappearance Kay baytih sababay<br />
xayyooseeni ane waam celta<br />
apparition n [œp´rI~Sn¢] nùm ceelay (ceelàya) He said that he<br />
saw an apparition last night Usuk “Bir num ceelay uble”<br />
iyye<br />
appeal [´pi~l] n nabsì hirig (hirìgi) The desert has an appeal<br />
of its own Bacrih tan baaxo isinnah tan nabsi hirig le<br />
appeal to [´pi~l tU] prep.v.tr barò essere; waqà xayyoose; yoò<br />
màxiq xayyoose The parents appealed to the school to<br />
admit their child Xaleyna iskoola baxa keenih culusaanamih<br />
baro esserte He appealed to the high court against his<br />
sentence Kaal yekke cokmih waqa / yoo maxiq daga<br />
mackammattal xayyoose<br />
appealing [´pi~lIN] adj fàxsis le That suggestion is very<br />
appealing Woo mala kaxxa faxsis le<br />
13<br />
appear [´pi~´] v.intr umbulle; umbubbuliye That stranger<br />
appeared on our doorstep yesterday Kimal woo allahin num<br />
ni qarih footimal yumbulle That boy’s father keeps<br />
appearing at my door Woo awkih abba ìnki yi qarih afal<br />
yambubbuliye<br />
appearance [´pi~´r´ns] n 1 amballatina This is his first<br />
appearance in public Aham kaak ummatta foocal aba<br />
naharsi amballatina 2 weelo He always turns up with a<br />
neat appearance Usuk uummaan waqdi meqe weelol<br />
yamaate<br />
appease [´pi~z] v.tr eyseehede Indulgent parents appease<br />
their children with sweets Xaylo hanaawissa xaleyna isi<br />
xaylo salfa leemit tayseehede<br />
appeasement [´pi~zm´nt] n massaahada The government<br />
changed the law as an appeasement to the critics Doolat<br />
madqa akah korissem sadi allalleh massaahada<br />
appendicitis [´pEndIsA~ItIs] n dagàk rada The patient has<br />
appendicitis Daylima num dagak rada le<br />
appendix [´pE~ndIks] n 1 ulqì axa The doctor removed the<br />
diseased appendix from the patient Daktoor daylimeenak<br />
ulqik toome axa yirgiqe 2 xakbenta The contents of the<br />
book are found in the appendix Buukuk addatino xakbental<br />
geytimta<br />
appetite [œ~pItAIt] n nabsì fayxi Her son always has an<br />
appetite Tet baxi kulli way nabsi fayxi le<br />
applaud [´plO~d] v.tr gabà oogore; ossokoote The<br />
congregation applauded the singer Gaaboowe mari gadabeh<br />
gaba yoogore I applaud your decision Anu ku edde cabit<br />
assakooteh;<br />
applause [´plO~z] n wallèh anay (anàya) We heard the<br />
applause a long way off Woo walleh anay baddaak noobbe<br />
apple [œ~pl] n tuffaac (tuffaàca) Apples grow in temperate<br />
climates Tuffaac xamcak laqanak fanah tan hawahadbanal<br />
yaabuke<br />
apply [´plA~I] 1 v.tr 1 esserò xayyoose I will apply for a<br />
place in the school Anu iskoola foxoh essero xayyooseyyo 2<br />
asise He applied his skills to mending the car Usuk le<br />
naggaarinna baabur bicsal asise 3 ellè hayise Apply the<br />
cream liberally! Sukati nagay elle hayis! 2 v.intr gexe <br />
This regulation no longer applies A madqa axayyul gexxam<br />
hinna<br />
apply to [´plA~I tU] prep.v.tr wagittam This regulation<br />
doesn’t apply to me A madqa yoo wagittam hinna<br />
applicable [´plI~k´bl¢] adj lùk gexsite That word is not<br />
applicable in this sentence Too qangara a maxcoh addat luk<br />
magexsitta<br />
applicant [œ~plIk´nt] n faxiteèna Who was the successful<br />
applicant for the job? Taama foxoh anfaq le faxiteeni annih<br />
kay?<br />
application [œplIke~Sn¢] n 1 qariida The application he<br />
presented was turned down Usuk xayyoose qariida<br />
A
A<br />
cinnimte 2 hayti Who put an application of paint on the<br />
box? Sandugul rangi hayti abtem iyyay?<br />
appoint [´pO~Int] v.tr 1 dardaarise They appointed a new<br />
leader Oson qusba mirac dardaarisen 2 xage They<br />
appointed a time for the next meeting Ciggilta daffeynah<br />
wakti xagen<br />
appointment [´pO~Intm´nt] n 1 xagàna I met him by<br />
appointment Anu xaganal kaat ongoorowe We have an<br />
appointment on Friday Nanu Gumaqti saakih xagana lino 2<br />
dardaarìnna; hayti His appointment as manager was<br />
pleasing to all Taama saqoolinnah kaat aben dardaarinni<br />
sinam inkih rùffa-hee His appointment as Science Teacher<br />
was announced Kay hayti Misso Kabir kinnim warisen<br />
apportion [´pO~Sn¢] v.tr aftò baxise, lè lufti baxise Apportion<br />
the grain to each household! A darok kulli buxah afto baxis!<br />
/ le lufti baxis!<br />
appraise [´pre~z] v.tr agaarade The committee appraised the<br />
clerk’s work Irga biiro kattaabih taama agaaradde<br />
appraisal [´pre~z´l] n agaàrad (agaàrada) The teacher<br />
gave an appraisal of the class work Kabir fasli taamak<br />
agaarad xayyoose<br />
appreciate [´pri~SIet] 1 v.tr ossokoote / raabite The staff all<br />
appreciated their boss Taamita mari inkih isinni taamah<br />
saqal yossokooten / raabiten 2 v.intr enderre Money<br />
appreciates in the bank Bankil daffeysen lakqo tandarre<br />
appreciation [œpriSIe~Sn¢] n assakat (assakàta) / raabit (raabìti)<br />
My appreciation of him has increased Anu kaah liyo<br />
assakat / raabit ossime<br />
apprehend [œprIhE~nd] v.tr ibbixe The police apprehended<br />
the wrong man Boliis aylalokki num tibbixe<br />
apprehension [œprIhE~nSn¢] n 1 xibix (xibìxi) His<br />
apprehension by the police was done by mistake Boliis kaat<br />
abte xibix aylalokkah abte 2 bultuk (bultùku) He waited<br />
for his father with apprehension Usuk abba mamut bultukut<br />
qambaale<br />
apprentice [´prE~ntIs] 1 n taamà barbarite An apprentice<br />
has to learn many things Taama barbarite mangom baritam<br />
kaal tan<br />
approach [´pro~tS] 1 n xayna The hot wind marks the<br />
approach of summer Wahari cagay xayna yascasse 2 v.tr<br />
...-t xayyoowe We approached him stealthily Nanu raarak<br />
kaat xayyowne<br />
appropriate [´proprIe~t] 1 v.tr ìnnih eddere The wicked<br />
uncle appropriated his niece’s property Uma qammi isi<br />
toobokoytih baxàh midir isih yeddere 2 [´pro~prI´t] adj<br />
uguude Is this dress appropriate for that occasion? A<br />
kurta woo waynaboh maay taguude?<br />
approve [´pru~v] v.tr ossokoote They approved the<br />
application he presented Oson xayyoose qariida kaak<br />
yossokooteenih<br />
approve of [´pru~v “´v‘] prep.v.tr ukkuqe I approve of his<br />
14<br />
request Anu usuk abe esserit akkuqeh<br />
approval [´pru~v´l] n arac (aràca) / òggol (òggolu) His<br />
application for absence received approval Usuk taamak asu<br />
xayyoose qariida arac / oggol geyte Has his bad<br />
behaviour you heard of got your approval? Kaak toobbe<br />
qamal umaane ku garil arac maay le?<br />
approximate [´prÅ~ksIm´t] 1 adj kabkabbiyoh The<br />
approximate number of people who came was fifty<br />
Yemeete marak kabkabbiyoh ixxima kontomuk ten 2 v.tr<br />
kabkabbiyte Student numbers approximate 200 Darsah<br />
loowo namma bool kabkabbiyta<br />
approximation [´prÅksIme~Sn¢]~ n kabkabbiyo Give me an<br />
approximation of the number of books you will need!<br />
Buukaatak faxxah gideh kabkabbiyo yoh waris!<br />
apricot [e~prIkÅt] n firsik (firdiki) Apricots are grown in<br />
Ethiopia Itiyobbiyah addal firsik yaysubuken<br />
apt [œ~pt] adj bìca yekke; bice; faxxiima; afkàn le His<br />
intervention was apt Kay fanat radim bica yekke This<br />
word is apt in this sentence A qangara a maxcot bicta He<br />
came at an apt moment Usuk faxxiima waktit matare; He is<br />
apt to lose his temper Usuk qasqasit afkan le<br />
aquatic [~´kwœ~tIks] adj baddàddih Some aquatic plants are<br />
beautiful Baddaddih caxak caxfexxak tu qaxmeqe<br />
Arab n [~œ~r´b] Qarabtòyta An Arab was alone amongst us<br />
Qarabtoyti dibuk ni fanat suge<br />
Arabian [~œre~bI´n] adj Qarab The Arabian government<br />
gets a lot of money from oil Qarab doolat bandiinik mango<br />
lakqo geyta<br />
Arabic [~œ~r´bIk] n Qàrabaf (Qàrabafa) Arabic is spoken<br />
throughout the Middle East Ìnkih yan Fantimaacal<br />
Qarabafat yaaban<br />
arable [~œ~r´bl¢] adj buqre There is good arable land near the<br />
Awash Awas weeqayti qaxal buqreh meqe darri yan<br />
arbitrary [~A~rbItr´ri] adj nammaafiyoh / annàak ekke That is<br />
an arbitrary statement Woh nammaafiyoh maxco <br />
Seizing him was an arbitrary act Kaat yekke xibix annaak<br />
tekke abto<br />
arbitrarily [~A~rbItr´rilI] adv qadoofùyut He makes his<br />
choices arbitrarily Usuk aba doorit qadoofuyut aba<br />
arbitrate [~A~bItret] v.intr mablise The elders arbitrated<br />
between two men Idoola namma num mablisseh<br />
arbitration [~AbItre~Sn] n mablo The quarrelling parties<br />
were committed to arbitration Yoome mara mabloh<br />
xayyoosen<br />
arbitrator [~A~bItret´] n malakmise Without an arbitrator<br />
the disagreement cannot be settled Malakmise sinnim<br />
tittinway yafdigoonu maduudan<br />
arc [~A~k] n aboolìyta They made a wooden arc for the roof<br />
Oson qaraamol abooliyti caxxa tabisen<br />
arcade [Ake~d] n òrrog (òrrogu) They built an arcade<br />
between the shops Dokkaakin fanat orrog xisen
arch [~A~tS] n abòyli The railway arch crosses the valley<br />
Cadiid gitih aboyli golol tabisa<br />
archaeology [AkiÅ~l´dZI] n aydaàd duyyeh kawsa She teaches<br />
archaeology Is aydaad duyyeh kawsa barissa<br />
archaeologist [AkiÅ~l´dZIst] n aydaàd duyye kawise The<br />
archaeologist discovered interesting things about the old<br />
building Aydaad duyye kawise raagte xisnek maqalmiqit lem<br />
gee<br />
archaic [Ake~Ik] adj awwaliddabàanih His speech is archaic<br />
Usuk awwaliddabaanih innal yaaba<br />
archer [~A~tS´] n gasibbàxa gasìyu yaaxige num (nùmu) The<br />
archer has few misses Gasibbaxa gasiyu yaaxige num hoxa<br />
daggoysah<br />
architect [~A~kItEkt] n xisò muhandis (muhandìsi) We built the<br />
house according to the architect’s designs Xiso muhandisih<br />
handasatal qari xisne<br />
architecture [~A~kItEktS´] n xisòh handasat (handasàta) <br />
What type of architecture is used in France? Faransaawi<br />
baaxol mannah tan xisoh handasat lon?<br />
archive [A~kAIv] n daaniseyna / oli We have been studying<br />
village records in the local archive Nanu gaanta daaniseynal<br />
/ olil daqar kutbeh raqsa kawisak sugne<br />
ardent [~A~d´nt] adj qùuruk They are his ardent supporters<br />
Oson quuruk kaa aydakumusa mara<br />
arduous [~A~djues] adj eclà le He has an arduous job Usuk<br />
ecla le taama le<br />
are cf be<br />
area [~E~´rI´] n 1 caafat (caafàta); makàfta / rakaàkay<br />
(rakaàkaya) What area of the town do you live in?<br />
Magaalak maa caafatal tanito? You’ll find him in the area<br />
of the Arab shops Qarab dokkaakin elle yan makaftal /<br />
rakaakayal kaa gee lito 2 rike I bought a large area of<br />
ground with poor soil Anu gìffa-iyya fidnan le ardik rikey,<br />
uma darriita leh iyya xaamite<br />
arena [´ri~n´] n 1 booxa They are building a new sports<br />
arena Oson xagardigih qusba booxa xisan 2 makàfta My<br />
brother is involved in the political arena Yi toobokoyti<br />
siyaasa makaftal rubsuusuh is haa<br />
argue [A~gju] v.intr keèmaari abe; keemaarise; keemaarisime <br />
Don’t argue with me! Keemaari yol luk maabin! I knew<br />
he had done it but I didn’t argue with him Woh usuk abem<br />
aaxaguk kaa makeemarisinniyo The two of them argued<br />
about who should pay for the damage they caused to the<br />
car Ken nammay baaburut abte amattaakeh bicse lakqo<br />
keenik yabbixe numul keemaarisimeenih<br />
argue for [A~gju f´] prep.v.tr ...-h gooriye We argued for<br />
him at the meeting Daffeynal kaah gooriyneh<br />
argument [A~gjum´nt] n 1 qadada He loves an argument<br />
Usuk qadada kicina Forget it, don’t cause an argument!<br />
Aysah cab; qadada hinnak! 2 yab (yaàba) He put forward<br />
15<br />
an argument in favour of their suggestion Usuk oson<br />
baahen malah cato yakke yab xayyoose<br />
argumentative [Agjum´~nt´tIv] adj keemaarì le Being<br />
argumentative is not helpful Keemaari numuh xiqam mali<br />
arid [œ~rId] adj qabàr le No one lives in that arid place<br />
Woo qabar le baaxol num madaffeya<br />
aristocracy [œrIstÅ~kr´si] n mislaafa The Sheraton hotel is<br />
frequented by the aristocracy Saraaton Hoteel<br />
gexamgexxam mislaafa<br />
aristocrat [œ~rIs´~krœt] n mislaafàytu Many aristocrats<br />
were killed in the French Revolution Faransaawi<br />
Uguugomut mislaafaytitik mangom qiden<br />
aristocratic [œrIs´krœ~tIk] adj mislaàfiyyoh He has<br />
aristocratic features Usuk mislaafiyyoh fooca le<br />
arithmetic [´rI~Tm´tIk] n cisab (cisaàba) It is important to<br />
learn arithmetic at school Iskoolal cisab baritaanam faxximta<br />
arm 1 [A~m] n gaba / caray (caràya) My arm was broken<br />
when playing ball Koqso digirak suge waqdi gaba yok<br />
tiddigille / Koqso digirak suge waqdi caray yok yiddigille<br />
armpit [A~mpIt] n xabqe After running, my armpits were<br />
sweaty Ardak wadiril xabeq yok xooqeh<br />
arm - upper [ø~p´ Am] n.colloc tobdo An abscess<br />
appeared on my upper arm Tobdol aweqti yok yewqe<br />
arm - lower [lo´ Am] n.colloc fiiqi He has a fracture of the<br />
lower arm Fiiqi kaak baqu le<br />
arms akimbo [A~mz ´kI~mbo] adv idiom The angry lady<br />
stood with arms akimbo Temneeqebe barra axcal namma<br />
gaba hayya-hayteh solte<br />
arm 2 [A~m] v.tr qeèbih ittikiyye; silacsiise He armed himself<br />
ready for the fight Usuk qeebih yittikiyye Who is arming<br />
those rebels? Woo xukkocina silacsissam iyyay?<br />
armament [A~m´mEnt] n silac (silaàca) In wartime<br />
governments spend a lot of money on armaments Qebti<br />
waktil doolatitte silaacat mango lakqo bayissa<br />
armistice [A~mIstIs] n qeebì soltih tittingey (tittihgèyi) An<br />
armistice was proclaimed in Europe at the end of the Great<br />
War Irobbal kaxxa qeebih illacabol qeebi soltih tittingey<br />
kukta aben<br />
armour [A~m´] n birtì dirqi One who wears armour will not<br />
be hurt by sharp weapons Birti dirqit yan num afle birta kaat<br />
radaamah mamudduuma<br />
arms [A~mz] n.pl silac (silaàca) Who is supplying arms to<br />
the rebels? Madqacinah silac xayyoossam maa maray?<br />
army [A~mi] n qande The army in Djibouti gets its weapons<br />
from France Yabuuti doolatih qande silac Faransak geyta<br />
aroma [´ro~m´] n maaqoxàax (maaqoxàaxa) The aroma of<br />
her cooking makes my mouth water Is bicissa maaqoxaaxah<br />
afal lee yok gexxa<br />
around [´rA~Und] 1 prep dariifal Heavy rain fell around us<br />
during this week A ayyaamih addat ni dariifal kaxxa rob<br />
A
A<br />
rade 2 adv ahiital When he gets angry he rushes around<br />
shouting Ceera waqdi usuk wexxeqak ahiital medeedigima<br />
arouse [´rA~Uz] v.tr uguuguse The teacher tried hard to<br />
arouse the students to an interest in learning Kabir darsat<br />
barittoh fayxi uguugusam-gidih mangom gibbate<br />
arrange [´re~ndZ] v.tr bìca abe He arranged to go to<br />
Ethiopia for the summer Usuk cagay Itiyobbiyal tatrusuh<br />
bica abe<br />
arrangement [´re~ndZm´nt] n makko They were unable to<br />
implement that arrangement Woo makko duudusaanam<br />
yeffereenih<br />
array [´re~] n rekkaq (rekkàqa) The shop has a big array of<br />
merchandise Dokkaan mango duyye rekkaqah le<br />
arrears [´ri~´z] n.pl abùud lakqo Have you paid all the<br />
arrears? Abuud kirah lakqo inkih maay mekelte?<br />
arrears, in [In ´ri~´z] adv wadiril We pay the house rent in<br />
arrears Nanu qari kira wadiril mekelna<br />
arrest [´rE~st] 1 v.tr ibbixe The police arrested the thief<br />
Boliis garqa / garqaali tibbixe 2 fig ...-t kafe My attention<br />
was arrested by people quarrelling in the street Gital yaame<br />
marat hangi yok kafe<br />
arrive [´rA~Iv] v.intr gufe / wadbite What time did you<br />
arrive? Atu maa saaqatal gufte / wadbitte?<br />
arrival [´rA~Ivl¢] n mamaata What is the time of your<br />
arrival? Ku mamaata maa saaqatal akkele?<br />
arrive at [´rA~Iv œ~t] prep.v.tr oofe Sometimes it takes a<br />
long time to arrive at the truth Waqdik teyna tan numma<br />
yaafeenim xer wakti beyta<br />
arrogance [œ~r´gns] n kaxxamariino He is full of arrogance<br />
Usuk kaxxamariinok kibuk yan He looks down his nose in<br />
arrogance Usuk kaxxamariinoh san kareeril le<br />
arrogant [œ~r´g´nt] adj kaxxamariinò le An arrogant<br />
person doesn’t humble himself Kaxxamariino le num is<br />
marammoysa<br />
arrow [œ~ro] n gessebbàxa Arrows are used mostly by<br />
country people Gessebbaxa mangih lem barri mara<br />
art [A~t] n fannifèera His art is decorating walking sticks<br />
Kay fannifeeri gabacoox uguuxusaama<br />
artful [A~tfl¢] adj ayrà le An artful child plays tricks on<br />
many people Ayra le awki mango mara ayrisa<br />
artfulness [A~tfl¢nEs] n ayra His artfulness outwitted me<br />
Usuk ayrah yoh maabbinna<br />
artless [A~tlEs] adj ayrà mali Young children are often<br />
artless Qunxa urri xeflih ayra mali<br />
artery [A~t´ri] n kaxxà ramad (ramàda) An artery carries<br />
blood to the body from the heart Kaxxa ramad qabala<br />
sorkocobbaxak beyah, xagarah tanim aleelisa<br />
arthritis [ATrA~ItIs] n màasay biyak (biyaàka) His fingers<br />
were crippled with arthritis Kay feeraari akah cibbimtam<br />
maasay biyaaka<br />
16<br />
article [A~tIkl] n 1 duyye; tumammi Here’s a list of the<br />
missing articles! Bayte duyyeh / tumammih rooro amayka!<br />
Have you any articles to wash? Kaqaylo faxa duyye maay<br />
lito? 2 maxca Today’s paper has good articles A saaki<br />
maybalaalaqa meqe maxcooca teyyeeqe 3 maxcolludda <br />
East and West Germany united under Article 23 of the Bonn<br />
constitution Maaci Almaaniya kee Carri Almaaniya Boon<br />
maxcolluddak labaatanna kee sidocul tengele<br />
articulate [AtI~kjul´t] v.tr exxeece He articulates his<br />
thoughts Usuk niyat yacsubem yaxxeece<br />
artificial [AtIfI~Sl¢] adj 1 nargool Artificial teeth are<br />
expensive Nargool moddin lakqok kibuh yan Artificial<br />
flowers are available for sale in shops Nargool birro<br />
dokkaakinil limoh geytimta 2 celsis He deceives no one<br />
with that artificial smile Usuk woo celsis biniytot num<br />
maduquurusa<br />
artillery [AtI~lrI] n qilsì silac (silaàca) Air fire is generally<br />
more accurate than ground-based artillery Baaxol yan qilsi<br />
silaacak tayyaara gira xeflih yayse saciic le<br />
artisan [A~tIzœn] n gabaggìne Some artisans are occupied<br />
with producing new materials Gabagginak tu qusba<br />
mansafih bicsat tan<br />
artist [A~tIst] n gurramoqo The artist drew a nice picture<br />
Gurramoqo meqe taswir haxxise<br />
artistic [A~tIstIk] adj fannifèera le The man who arranged<br />
that room is artistic Woo goli yeymeeqe num kaxxa<br />
fannifeera le<br />
as [œ~z] 1 adv inna Do it as you like! Atu isih elle<br />
faxennaan-innal ab! 2 sub.conj sababah; akah ...-innah <br />
As that student always plays around, he is unlikely to pass<br />
the exam Woo darsayti gabaak digirit yaniimih sababah<br />
imticaanal taturu waam maceela As the bell rang, the<br />
students entered the room Baadonti akah kaluuluwite-innah,<br />
darsa fasli culte<br />
as for [œ~z f´] prep ...-h tù gactek As for him, he’s slow<br />
Kaah tu gactek usuk gaba qilsa le<br />
as...as idiom (adv ... prep/adv) 1 ...-k ...gide; dùdda-haamal<br />
He is twice as strong as me Usuk caylak yi gide tirfiqih le<br />
2 She opened the door as quietly as she could Is duddahaytaamal<br />
qaraafa caatillah fakte I’ll help you as much as<br />
I can Innih dùdda-haamal koo cateyyo 3 ellè ...-ikkel akah<br />
As soon as he comes I will go Usuk elle yamaate-ikkel<br />
akah gexeyyo 4 elle ...-inna I know how to do it as well<br />
as he does Usuk elle abanna anu edde, abu aaxigeh<br />
ascend [´sE~nd] v.intr kore / ewqe When they ascended, they<br />
went up quietly Oson iroh koren waqdi, ibak gaba abbaxuk<br />
koren / yewqen<br />
ascent [´sE~nt] n doo There is a steep ascent on that road<br />
Woo giti fàyya-inta doo le
ascertain [œs´te~n] v.tr arcise In my father’s presence he<br />
said no more than he had ascertained Usuk yi-abbah foocal<br />
arciseemik kalihim mabaahinna<br />
ash [œ~S] n gombod (gombòdu) Ashes remain where the fire<br />
was Gira elle sugte-ikkel gombod raaqa<br />
ashtray [œ~Stre] n sandariya They stubbed cigarettes in<br />
the ashtray Sandariyal sigaara bargusen<br />
ashamed [´Se~md] pred.adj wacarriye That girl was ashamed<br />
because she told her father a lie Woo awka isi-abbal dirab<br />
teceemih sabbatah wacarriyteh<br />
ashore [´SO~´] adv baddaf (baddaàfa) He went ashore Usuk<br />
baddaf oobe<br />
aside [´sAI~d] adv rikeet The teacher took the student aside<br />
to discuss his future Kabir kay sarrimaanet kaa walalisamgidih<br />
darsaytu rikeet yeyyeeqe<br />
in asides [In ´sAI~dz] adv-id garaytùtucot The students<br />
spoke in asides while the teacher was teaching Kabir elle<br />
barisa-ikkel darsa tittal luk garaytutucot yabte<br />
ask [A~sk] v.tr essere; essessere I asked my uncle to buy me<br />
clothes for the feast Anu qiddi sara yoh xaamam yi qammil<br />
essere; The police asked where he had been Bolii gexekke<br />
kaa essesserte; I wanted to ask her a question Anu essero tet<br />
esseram faxe; Father asked me how much I paid for it Yiabba<br />
a tiyal lakqok eceeh gide yoo essere<br />
ask after [A~sk A~ft‰] prep.v.tr mànnah tani I went to ask<br />
after the sick man’s health Anu biyaakita numul mannah<br />
tanih gexeh<br />
asleep [´sli~p] adv xiìnit suge When he came I was asleep<br />
Usuk yemeete waqdi anu xiinit suge<br />
aspect [œ~spEkt] n 1 gambi There are nice aspects to his<br />
character Kay caalat meqe gambitte le 2 ilaala The<br />
aspect from our house towards the mountains is good Ni<br />
qarik qaleela fanih gambi ilaalah meqeh<br />
asphalt [œ~sfœlt] n daamaar (daamaàra) The government<br />
made an asphalt road Doolat daamaar gita bicisse<br />
asphyxiate [´sfI~ksIet] 1 v.tr afkuuquse The exhaust fumes<br />
from the car nearly asphyxiated me Baaburuk yewqe<br />
qertibuufuf yoo afkuuquse xaaxe 2 v.pass afkuuqute / ufùy<br />
wee Because the space at the football ground was too<br />
limited people were asphyxiated Koqso booxah aracih<br />
ceyak gexxaamah sahda afkuuqutte / ufuy wayte<br />
aspire [´spA~I´] v.intr niyaate He aspired to be a doctor<br />
Usuk daktoor yakkem niyaate<br />
aspiration [´spIre~Sn¢] n niya His aspiration to help the<br />
needy, comes from his own misfortune as a child Usuk<br />
qunxih gee saami umaane, umam geya marih cato abaamih<br />
niya kaah tece<br />
ass [œ~s] n danan (danàna) Our ass (donkey) brings water<br />
every day Xuguuguluh ni danan lee baaha 2 fig hàwri<br />
mali, ufùy màli Don’t be an ass! Hawri mali makkin! /<br />
Ufuy mali makkin!<br />
17<br />
assail [´se~l] v.tr madaadagise; luule They assailed him with<br />
questions Esserot kaa madaadagisen Crowds of people<br />
assailed the shopkeeper selling goods the others didn’t<br />
have Gersi mari aalle waa duyye luk sugeh, dokkaan le<br />
numul sinam luulte<br />
assassin [´sœ~sIn] n roòcit ase num (nùmu) They searched<br />
for the king’s assassin Oson Amoyti roocit ase num gorrisen<br />
assassinate [´sœ~sInet] v.tr roòcit ase The Pretender<br />
assassinated the Ruler Qarkayto Loowite Dardar roocit ase<br />
assassination [´sœ~sIneSn¢] n roòcit asso World War 1<br />
commenced following the assassination of the Crown<br />
Prince of Austria Naharsi Gallih Qeebi, Osteriyyah Malikih<br />
Nagreenak roocit assok widiril qimbise<br />
assault [´sÅ~lt] 1 v.tr dadahe I accused him because he<br />
assaulted me Anu wayto kaak akah xayyoosem usuk yoo<br />
dadaheemih sabbata 2 n dadho His conviction for<br />
assault was quashed Dadhoh kaal heenih sugen baatil<br />
dugguumeh<br />
assembly [´sE~mbl¢I] n kòbox (kòboxu); maro They have an<br />
assembly in school every morning Iskoolal kulli saaku<br />
kobox yakke; The United Nations General Assembly meets<br />
periodically Inkih tan Galli Maro wakaakwak tangoorowe<br />
assemble [´sE~mbl¢] 1 v.tr gaaboyse He managed to<br />
assemble the facts Usuk tan numma gaaboysam duude 2<br />
v.intr gaaboowe The students assembled for registration<br />
Darsa migaq kutbeh gaabowteh<br />
assent [´sE~nt] n òggol (òggolu) / rada The boy gained assent<br />
from his father to go inland Awki isi abbak barri gexoh<br />
oggol / rada gee<br />
assert [´s‰~t] v.tr daabise; diggoyse She asserted her right to<br />
the position she attained Is maadde caddoh cakki daabisseh<br />
He asserted that he had seen them together Usuk tìtta luk<br />
ken yublem diggoyseh<br />
assertion [´s‰~Sn] n diggos (diggoòsu) They disbelieved<br />
his assertion that he could do that work Oson kaak woo<br />
taama usuk abu duude leemih diggos yaaminoonu cineenih<br />
assess [´sE~s] v.tr agaarade / miidaanise The old man<br />
assessed the boy Idalti awki le dudda agaarade / miidaanise<br />
assessment [´sE~sm´nt] n miidaànis (miidaànisi) His<br />
assessment was premature Usuk abe miidaanis qeexinih<br />
asset [œ~sEt] n midir (midìri); fayda What are your assets?<br />
Midir kok macay? He is an asset to the company Usuk<br />
kobbanih fayda le numu<br />
assimilate [´sI~milet] v.tr ooqobe He assimilated the<br />
teaching Usuk baritto yooqobe<br />
assist [´sI~st] v.intr ...-l cate His friends assisted at his<br />
wedding Kay waday digibil kaa catteh<br />
assistance [´sI~st´ns] n qòkol (qòkolu), cato He<br />
appreciated their assistance Usuk ken qokol / cato<br />
yossokoote<br />
A
A<br />
assistant [´sI~st´nt] n qokleèna He is an assistant to the<br />
manager Usuk abbiseh qokleenak tiyak teyna<br />
associate [´so~si´t] 1 n qokolbàrli He is an unexpected<br />
associate Usuk cube waak sugen qokolbarli 2 v.intr<br />
nongoorowe We rarely associate these days Axayyu<br />
dagih nangoorowe<br />
association [´sosi´~Sn] n egla; fantàaxaw (fantàaxawa) We<br />
joined that association Nanu woo eglat gacne Our<br />
association with each other is over Luk sugne fantaaxaw<br />
nek yumurruqeh<br />
associate with [´so~siet wID] 1 prep.v.intr -llùk loowime <br />
Don’t associate with them Keenilluk maloowimin 2<br />
phr.v.tr lùk xibbaanise I associate him with the best<br />
things Anu amqinnaanihim luk kaa xibbaanisa<br />
assorted [´sO~tId] adj mangò fallih ene Rocks come in<br />
assorted forms Balooda mango fallih tan weelo le<br />
assortment [´sO~tm´nt] n mangò qaynat (qaynàta) An<br />
assortment of people joined the army Sinaamak mango<br />
qaynatah yan mari macaxut gace<br />
assume [´sju~m] v.tr 1 ucsube We assumed that the feast<br />
would take place on Saturday Nanu qiid Sabti saaku<br />
akkelem nucsubeh sugne 2 tabsite In the absence of his<br />
father the eldest son assumed responsibility Kay abba elle<br />
deedala-ikkel narisso baxi mixxaago tabsite<br />
assumption [´sU~mpSn¢] n 1 acsaab (acsaàba) The<br />
assumption you made is without foundation Atu abte<br />
acsaab asaas lem mali 2 tabsit (tabsìti) His assumption of<br />
authority pleased everybody Usuk abbowtanat abe tabsit<br />
kulli num rùffa-hee<br />
assure [œSO~] v.tr diggoyse I assure you I will do that Woh<br />
abeyyom koh diggoysah<br />
assurance [´SO~r´ns] n digga Give me an assurance that<br />
you will return the money you borrowed from me! Atu yok<br />
beyte lakqo gacisettoomuh digga yoh acuy!<br />
astern [´st‰~n] adv doonìkik widir (widiri) The man who<br />
holds the rudder sits astern Sokkaan yabbixe num doonikik<br />
widiril daffeya<br />
asthma [œ~sm´] n isibbi His youngest daughter has asthma<br />
Kaak qunxa baxa isibbi le<br />
astonish [´stÅ~niS] v.tr qayyabsise His mental agility<br />
astonished me Kaak misinkica duddi yoo qayyabsiseh<br />
astonishment [´stÅ~niSm´nt] n qayyàbsit (qayyàbsiti) <br />
Don’t stare at me with astonishment! Qayyabsit le inti yot<br />
makafisin!<br />
astray [´stre~] adv finqa My letter must have gone astray<br />
Anu ruube warkat finqa yakku bictah<br />
astray, go [go ´stre~] v.intr badite By himself he will go<br />
astray Usuk dibuk gacek baditele<br />
astray, lead [li~d ´stre~] v.tr iydilliye He attempted to lead<br />
me astray Usuk yoo yaydilliyem gabbate<br />
18<br />
astride [´strA~Id] adv feràqqa-exce He lifted the box up<br />
while standing with legs astride Usuk sandug baaxok<br />
feràqqa-iyyeh, yukkuqe<br />
astrology [´strÅ~l´dZI] n cutùk beyto Astrology describes<br />
what effect objects in the heavens may have on people’s<br />
behaviour Cutuk beyto qaraanal tan baaxooxa sinam gexsitit<br />
le raat weelaalissa<br />
astronomy [´strÅ~n´mI] n ginoccaddoh misso Astronomy is<br />
a fascinating subject Ginoccaddoh Misso niya hirigta baritto<br />
maasayya<br />
astute [´stju~t] adj tubbìcih I admired his astute handling of<br />
the situation Anu usuk caagiida edde aba tubbicih gurra<br />
kaak ossokooteh<br />
astutely [´stju~tli] adv cubbikàsat He considers whatever<br />
he does with his brother astutely Usuk isi toobokoyta luk<br />
abinnaanim cubbikasat aba<br />
astuteness n [´stju~tn´s] cubbikas (cubbikàsa) Because of<br />
his astuteness he doesn’t fail Usuk cubbikas leemih<br />
sabbatah maboolaata<br />
asylum [´sA~Il´m] n meglo From what are you seeking<br />
asylum? Atu meglo macak gorrissa?<br />
at [œ~t] prep ...-l Is your brother at home? Ku toobokoyti<br />
buxal maay yan?<br />
at all [´t O~l] adv phr-id inkìnnah I don’t want to go at all<br />
Anu inkinnah gexam mafaxa<br />
at once [´t wønts] adv phr-id tawakaak Come here at<br />
once! Tawakaak akke am!<br />
at odds with [´t Ådz wID] adv phr ...h wiilih The family<br />
members are at odds with one another Buxa mari tittah<br />
wiilih yani<br />
at pains to [´t pEnz t´] adv phr macale They are at pains<br />
to please us Oson nee rùffa-hoonuh macalaanah<br />
ate cf eat<br />
atheist [e~TiIst] n Yàllih mano giddiya num (nùmu) The<br />
atheist doesn’t believe in the existence of God Yallih mano<br />
giddiya num Yallih manol mayaamina<br />
athlete [œ~Tlit] n qanxaffeèna He is a professional athlete<br />
Usuk mumaxxigiino le qanxaffeena<br />
athletics [œTlE~tIks] n.pl qanxaffè anfakaakaqih digir (digìri)<br />
How is your performance at athletics? Kok qanxaffeh<br />
anfakaakaqih digirih duddi manna le?<br />
atlas [œ~tl´s] n baàd karta / atlas (atlàsa) Are you (pl) buying<br />
an atlas? Baad karta / Atlas maay xaamittan?<br />
atmosphere [œ~tm´sfI´] 1 n hawa The atmosphere around<br />
the earth is thin Ardi marassiyol tan hawa kafiifik tan 2 fig<br />
caalat (caalàta) What was the atmosphere at that meeting?<br />
Woo daffeynal maa caalat yene?<br />
atone [´to~n] v.tr makfaràt abe; dòroq ece / maruusò ece <br />
Everyone must atone for his sins Kulli num ase dambih<br />
makfarat abam kaal tan He atoned for his rudeness Usuk<br />
isi adbisinnah doroq yece / maruuso yece
atonement [´to~nm´nt] n dambikaloot (dambikaloòtu),<br />
dòroq, maruuso Jesus made an atonement for our sins by<br />
shedding his blood Nanu abne dambih dambikalootuh<br />
Yaasus isi qabala caxe He made an atonement for the<br />
mistake he made against him Kaal baahe qellatak doroq /<br />
maruuso kaah yece<br />
atrocious [´tro~S´s] adj qamàl umaane le The behaviour of<br />
those children is atrocious Woo urruk gexgexit qamal<br />
umaane le<br />
atrocity [´trÅ~sIti] n qamàl aliino He was imprisoned for<br />
the atrocities he committed Usuk edde ase qamal aliinoh<br />
casbimeh<br />
attach [´tœ~tS] v.tr cìxe / xibbaane; kafise; ràdu eelle She<br />
attached the belt to the dress Is qarum kurtat cixxeh I<br />
attached a photograph to the letter I sent Anu ruube<br />
gawaabat taswiir cixe / xibbaane, The clerk at the airport will<br />
attach labels to your luggage Tayyaarabooxal yan kattaab<br />
ku santootit asta kafisele; Don’t attach yourself to me! Yol<br />
radu maallin!<br />
attached [´tœ~tSt] pred.adj ...-l raddoowe He is attached to<br />
his father Usuk isi abbal raddooweh yan<br />
attack [´tœ~k] 1 n warar (waràra); biyàk amattaake / biyàk<br />
gool (goòlu) The attack occurred at midday Warar dohri<br />
yekke When did this attack come upon you? Ama<br />
biyaakih amattaake / biyaakih gool kot tekkem malaqoy? 2<br />
v.tr dadahe / warare The police attacked the rioting<br />
crowd Boliis uluuluka abe mara dadahteh / wararteh<br />
attacker [´tœ~k´] n gagbeèna A search revealed the<br />
identity of his attacker Aben goran kay gagbeenih kinnaane<br />
yeybeleeleqe<br />
attempt [´tE~mpt] 1 n aqayyar (aqayyàra) / gabbat (gabbàta) <br />
The attempt made to amend the situation failed Tuiyyaanam<br />
yaymaaqeenimih aqayyar / gabbat foyyite 2 v.tr<br />
gabbate The prisoners attempted to escape Casbit yan<br />
mari makitam gabbate<br />
attend [´tE~nd] v.tr matare I am unable to attend lectures<br />
Anu macaadarat / warsat mataram maduuda.<br />
attend to [´tE~nd tU] prep.v.tr madaawise / madlise; ...-l<br />
soole; …-h aytì ece The girl attended to her sick mother<br />
Awka biyaakitta ina madaawisse / madlisse He attended<br />
to the customers Usuk maqamiilih yemeete maral soole <br />
The teacher said to the students “Attend to everything I<br />
say!” Kabir darsak “Anu axcinnaanimih ayti acuya!” iyye<br />
attendance [´tE~nd´ns] n geytimaanam (geytimaanàma) <br />
Attendance at lectures is compulsory Macaadaral<br />
geytimaanam fardik tan<br />
attendance, be in [bi In ´tE~nd´ns] v.intr taamà bagul ene <br />
The doctor is in attendance today Daktaar a saaku taama<br />
bagul yan<br />
attention [´tE~nS´n] n hàngi He gave attention to the<br />
teaching Usuk barittot hangi hee<br />
19<br />
attitude [œ~tItjud] n àfkan (àfkana) / niya He has a poor<br />
attitude towards his work Usuk aba taamah le afkan / niya<br />
boola le<br />
attract [´trœ~kt] v.tr hirige A magnet attracts anything made<br />
of metal Birtibanas biriita inkih is fan hiriga; The beautiful<br />
woman attracted his attention Qaxmeqe barra hangi kaak<br />
hirigte<br />
attraction [´trœ~kSn¢] n niyaggìito Football has a strong<br />
attraction for him Ibikoqso kaal niyaggiito nabam le<br />
attractive [´trœ~ktIv] adj intì qaawe That woman is<br />
attractive Woo barra inti qawta<br />
attribute [œ~trIbjut] n sàlu One of his attributes is patience<br />
Kay saluk tiyak teeni sabri<br />
attribute to [´trI~bjut tu] prep.v.tr ...-k sababsiise I<br />
attribute his attitude to the influence of others Anu usuk le<br />
afkan marin xagisik yanim sababsiisa<br />
aubergine [o~b‰Zin] n bidingaar (bidingaàra) The Hanle<br />
farmers grow aubergines Canlel tan buqraaba bidingaar<br />
taysubuke<br />
auction [O~kS´n] 1 n carraay (carraàya) They have an<br />
auction every Wednesday Oson kulli Arbaq saaku carraay<br />
aban 2 v.tr carraayal hee They will auction that house<br />
Oson woo qari carraayal heelon<br />
auctioneer [OkS´ni~ ~´] n dallaal (dallaàla) The auctioneer<br />
got in a lot of money today Dallaal a saaku mango lakqo gee<br />
audacious [Ode~S´s] adj cayà màli; intì qisi le He is<br />
audacious in his speech wherever he is Usuk faxe-ikkel<br />
yaabaamat caya mali The prisoners’ escape plan is<br />
audacious Casbi marak assaq makko inti qisi le<br />
audacity [Odœ~sIti] n cayà sinna / xagàr qasboyta sinnim A<br />
man known for his audacity is not a welcome visitor Caya<br />
sinna akak yaaxigen numuh arciba maaban / Xagar qasboyta<br />
sinnim akak yaaxigen num marcibisan<br />
audible [O~dIbl¢] adj yantabbe What the shy man says is not<br />
audible Wacarriy le numih yab mayantabba<br />
audience [O~dIj´ns] n macfal (macfàla) / maro The audience<br />
criticised the actor Macfal mumassil yessecekkeh / Maro<br />
mumassil tessecekkeh<br />
audit [O~dIt] v.tr mucaasabàt abe The account book is<br />
audited yearly Cisaaboota buukut kulli sanat mucaasabat<br />
aban<br />
auditor [O~dIt´] n mucaàsib (mucaàsibi) The auditor does<br />
the accounts once a year Sanatal inki adda mucaasib cisab<br />
yafeegede<br />
audition [OdI~Sn¢] n ankàcsul dooro Auditions are being held<br />
for the singers Gadabak ankacsul doorot yanin<br />
aunt [A~nt] n anna / abbà maqanxa / inà maqanxa My aunt<br />
has more than five children Yi anna / Yi abbah maqanxa / Yi<br />
ina maqanxa xaylok konoyuk amo le<br />
authentic [OTE~ntIk] adj asliik That which I bought was an<br />
authentic drawing Anu xaamem asliik yan rasmik sugte<br />
A
A<br />
authenticity [OTEntI~sItI] n asliino The authenticity of his<br />
story is beyond doubt Usuk xayyoose maxcoh asliino bohoy<br />
mali<br />
author [O~T´] n muqàllif (muqàllifi) / yuktubè num (nùmu) I<br />
know the author of that book Woo buuk muqallif / yuktube<br />
num aaxigeh<br />
authorize [O~T´rAI~z] v.tr awlise The President authorized<br />
me to take this paper Ummuunoh Abba a warkat beyuh yoo<br />
awlise<br />
authority [OTÅ~rIti] n 1 muddaqe Three groups contend<br />
with the authorities Sidiica egla muddaqe luk tangiicilleh 2<br />
libdo That minister has authority when he speaks Woo<br />
malaak yaabinnaan waqdi libdo le 3 abbòwtan (abbòwtana)<br />
He has authority over that class Usuk woo faslik<br />
abbowtan le<br />
automatic [Ot´mœ~tIk] adj isì kelis le / otomàtik le My<br />
camera is automatic Yi taswiir mansafat isi kelis le /<br />
otomatik le<br />
autonomy [OtÅ~n´mi] n addaxìnto The <strong>Afar</strong>s have obtained<br />
autonomy within Ethiopia Qafar ummatta Itiyobbiyal<br />
addaxinto geyte<br />
autonomous [OtÅ~n´m´s] adj addaxìnto le This area is<br />
autonomous of central government A rakaakay kaddagudeh<br />
doolatak addaxinto le<br />
auxiliary [OgzI~lj´ri] adj catò le The verb ‘to be’ is<br />
sometimes an auxiliary verb ‘Yanih’ iyya abini waqdik<br />
teyna cato le abina yascasse<br />
avail [´ve~l] v.intr nafqì eelle Nothing they did availed at all<br />
Oson àbba-heenimik tu nafqi maallinna<br />
avail - oneself [´ve~l wønsElf] v.refl intifiqe I availed<br />
myself of the opportunity to speak with that man Woo<br />
numul lih yaabuh gee saamit intifiqe<br />
available [´ve~l´bl¢] adj ènna-iyya; gabaggèy le; gèeyìt le He<br />
made use of all the available information Ènna-iyya xaagitit<br />
inkih yintifiqeh; Is there someone available to help me? Yoo<br />
catu gabaggey le num maay yan? Food must be made<br />
available for famine areas Qulul le baaxoh maaqiddi geeyit<br />
lem faxximta<br />
avalanche [œ~v´lAntS] n weèqa An avalanche of mud<br />
enveloped the village Suxqiweeqi gaanta yubkune<br />
avarice [œ~v´rIs] n cirfi He took more than his share of the<br />
money due to avarice Usuk cirfik gexxaamah lakqok isi<br />
gidek fula bee<br />
avenue [œ~v´nju] n waqìn gita I live in a nice tree-lined<br />
avenue Namma qaxal coox le qaxmeqe waqin gital dabqih<br />
an<br />
average [œ~v´rIdZ] adj fanaàfanah He is of average<br />
intelligence Misinkica duddo kaak fanaafanah tan, His<br />
wages are average Usuk cawalah geyam fanaafanah tan<br />
lakqo<br />
20<br />
averse [~´v‰~s]~ pred.adj sàduh ene She and I are averse to one<br />
another Yoo kee tet saduh tittal nan<br />
aversion [~´v‰~Sn¢]~ n xiqewày (wàya) I have an aversion to<br />
cats Anu dummu xiqeway liyo<br />
avert [~´v‰~t] v.tr waasse The government sent food to avert<br />
starvation among the flood victims Weeqi dufa yekke marak<br />
qulul waassuh doolat maaqidda rubte<br />
avert - eyes [~´v‰~t A~Iz] v.tr intì waaliye She averted her<br />
eyes from the mutilated body Is tafqen xagarak inti<br />
waaliyteh<br />
avoid [~´vOI~d] v.tr waàlih / xàbanah gace I am going to<br />
avoid that street Anu woo gitak waalih gaceyyo / xabanah<br />
gaceyyo<br />
avow [~´vA~U] v.tr diggoyse He avowed that he was not a<br />
thief Usuk garqali hinnam diggoyse<br />
await [~´we~t] v.tr raagsite The students are awaiting the<br />
results of their school exams Darsa abte imticaanal bahtem<br />
taaxagu raagsitta<br />
awake [~´we~k] v.intr badade / imbide I awoke early in the<br />
morning Anu dibroh waqlat xiinik badade / imbide<br />
awake to [~´we~k tU] prep.v.intr gàrci cabe wee Be awake<br />
to their duplicity! Ken ayrah garci macabin!<br />
awaken [~´we~kn¢] v.tr badadise / iynibide / uguse I<br />
awakened him from sleep Xiinik kaa badadise / iynibide /<br />
uguse<br />
award [~´wO~d] 1 n galato The government gave him an<br />
award for his work Usuk abeh yen taamal doolat galato<br />
kaah teexege 2 v.tr ece The school awarded him a prize<br />
Iskoola magaadah acwa kaah teceh<br />
aware [~´wE~´] pred.adj aaxìguk / daariik We were aware of<br />
their plans but were helpless to do anything about it Ken<br />
mala aaxiguk / daariik nen immay, tu edde mabeeritinnino /<br />
maxiqinnino<br />
away [~´we~] adv gexòt ene He has gone away Usuk gexot<br />
yan<br />
awe [~O~] n qexxin (qexxìni) Her beauty filled him with awe<br />
Tet qaxmaqaane qexxin kaal tekke<br />
awe of, in [~In O~ Åv] prep.phr ...-k cundite Because he was<br />
in awe of him, he kept silent in his presence Usuk kaak<br />
cunditaamih sabbatah, kay garil kàcca-iyye<br />
awful [~O~fl] adj xàqamu màli; afqadokkòra le Their food is<br />
awful Ken maaqo xaqamu mali The news they brought<br />
was awful Oson baahen xaagi afqadokkora le<br />
awkward [~O~kw´d] adj bìca sinni; bìca lem hinna This is an<br />
awkward time A wakti bica sinni wakti He is an<br />
awkward person Usuk bica le num hinna<br />
awkwardly, behave [~bIhev O~kw´dlI] v.intr agaagulute He<br />
behaves awkwardly before the boss Usuk taamassaqalih<br />
foocal agaagulutah<br />
awl [~O~l] n mudèyna That awl has no point Woo mudeyni<br />
damum mali
awning [~O~nIN] n siraàqak aben silaalo That shop has an<br />
awning over the door Woo dokkaan afattinot siraaqak aben<br />
silaalo le<br />
axe [~œ~ks] n faas (faàsa) He chopped wood with an axe<br />
Usuk coox faasat yirgiqe<br />
axilla [~œgzI~l´] n xabqe He has a spot under his axilla Usuk<br />
xabqel awweqta le<br />
21<br />
A
B<br />
axle [~œ~ksl¢] n yasgallè birta The driver broke the front axle<br />
on his car going along a rough road Baabur beya num uma<br />
gital baaburuk fooci namma iba yasgalle birta yiggile<br />
B<br />
babble [~bœ~bl¢] 1 v.intr koloolocite The water running<br />
down babbles over the stones Obta lee xeet amol<br />
koloolocittah 2 n wexxeqto When the teacher went out,<br />
a babble of voices was heard Kabir yewqe waqdi yabti<br />
wexxeqtoh anay yontobbeh<br />
baboon [~bœbu~n] n damàqtu The baboon which reaches the<br />
mountain is invincible Qale gee damaqti numuh mayaabba<br />
- <strong>Afar</strong> proverb<br />
baby [~be~bI] 1 n àlqi; ullabbàxa There’s a new baby in that<br />
house Woo qaril yooboke alqi yan The baby spends each<br />
night crying Ullabbaxi inkih yan bar weeqak xiina 2<br />
babyhood [~be~bIhUd] n saldiino / ullabbaxiino It isn’t<br />
good to teach children to use a bottle during babyhood<br />
Urru saldiinol / ullabbaxiinol massaasa barisaanam mameqe<br />
3 baby carrier [~be~bI kœrI´] n nàyyu The mother carries<br />
her baby in a baby carrier whilst working Ina taamitta<br />
waqdi isi saldi nayyut beyta<br />
bachelor [~bœ~tS´l´] n barramàli A bachelor looks after<br />
himself Barramali dabqim isih abbaasita<br />
back [~bœ~k] 1 n 1 xiìron (xiìroonu) / elle I fell on my back<br />
playing football Ibi koqsoh digiril xiiroonuh / elleh rade 2<br />
darre; gamad (gamàda) Put it at the back of the house!<br />
Qarik darrel hayis!. It is the camel at the front which refuses<br />
to go, but the camel at the back gets the beating Gexo<br />
cintam naharsi alay, yaagureenim gamadal tan ala / (gamaddi<br />
ala) (<strong>Afar</strong> proverb) 2 adv madaara / mandabba That is<br />
the way back Woh madaara / mandabba gita<br />
backache [~bœ~kek] n xiironbìyak (biyaàka) He has a<br />
backache Usuk xiironbiyak le<br />
backbiting [~bœ~kbAItIN] n yabtì caneggacsa That boy is<br />
used to backbiting Woo awki yabti caneggacsa yaaxige<br />
backbone [~bœ~kbon] 1 n xiìron lafa A man whose<br />
backbone is broken cannot stand Xiiron lafa akak tiddigille<br />
num solti maduuda 2 fig afqado; dudda He doesn’t have<br />
the backbone to stand up to them Usuk keenih edde<br />
yasseede afqado mali He doesn’t have the backbone to do<br />
this job Usuk a taama abuh dudda mali<br />
background [~bœ~kgrAUnd] n 1 sùur (sùuru) What is his<br />
background? Suur kaak macay? 2 darrè mabla What is<br />
the background of that picture? Woo taswiirik darre mablal<br />
tanim macay?<br />
bacteria [~bœkti~rI´] n beeka There are bacteria in the water<br />
Leet beeka tan<br />
bad [~bœ~d] adj uma He has a bad character Usuk uma cal le<br />
Everyone knows that he is a bad person Usuk uma num<br />
22<br />
kinnim kulli num yaaxige<br />
badly [~bœ~dlI] adv umànnah They didn’t injure him that<br />
badly Oson nabam umannah kaa mabiyaakinnon<br />
badness [~bœ~dn´s] n umiino There is a lot of badness in<br />
him Kaat kaxxa umiino tan<br />
bad, go [~go bœ~d] v.intr oome The grain you brought me<br />
has gone bad Atu yoh bahte daro toome<br />
baffle [~bœ~fl¢] v.tr qoxxise / iciyyire The difficult question in<br />
the exam baffled me Imticaanal temeete gibdi essero yoo<br />
qoxxisseh / ticiyyireh<br />
baffling [~bœ~fl¢IN] adj àf maliino / àf ciirat That was a<br />
baffling time Woh af maliino / af ciirat waktik ten<br />
bag [~bœ~g] n santa; girib (girìbi); olo; kafaq (kafàqa) He took<br />
two bags with him when he left on his journey Usuk safare<br />
waqdi namma santa gabat bee; I have no money bag Lakqo<br />
santa mayyu They filled the leather bag with grain Oson<br />
girib darok kiben The traveller put the sugar he bought in<br />
his shoulder bag Gexenti xaame sokkar olot haysite Food<br />
is sold in plastic bags Maaqidda lastikik aben kafaqal<br />
limmoysan<br />
baggage [~bœ~gIdZ] n sàntooti He brought a lot of baggage<br />
Usuk mango santooti baahe<br />
bail [~be~l] n caabi I stood bail for my uncle who was in<br />
prison Casbit suge yi qammih anu caabi ekke<br />
bail out [~be~l A~Ut] phr.v.tr egeereye We have to bail water<br />
out of the boat regularly Nanu doonikik bad wayak way<br />
nageereyem faxximta<br />
bait [~be~t] n laqaf (laqàfa) Bring good bait to catch fish!<br />
Kullum tabbixuh meqe laqaf bah!<br />
bake [~be~k] 1 v.tr duube Are you going to bake the bread?<br />
Gaqambo maay dubta? 2 fig hararise When they came<br />
out of the sea the sun baked them Badak yewqen waqdi<br />
ayro ken hararisse<br />
baker [~be~k´] n furùm dubeena / gaqambo dubeena The<br />
baker took out a 100 loaves a day Furum dubeeni ayrol bool<br />
furumto yeyyeeqe / Gaqambo dubeeni ayrol bool gaqambo<br />
yeyyeeqe<br />
bakery [~be~k´ri] n furumqàri / gaqambò qari Bring me<br />
some bread from the bakery! Furumqarik / Gaqambo qarik<br />
gaqambo yoh bah!<br />
baksheesh [~bœkSi~S] n baksiis (baksiìsi), xaqanto Whenever I<br />
buy things from the shop I always get baksheesh<br />
Dokkaanak duyye xaama waqdi baksiis / xaqanto ìnki geya<br />
balance [bœ~l´ns] 1 n 1 qeèdal (qeèdala) She has a good<br />
balance Is gexol meqe qeedal le 2 qeedalsim (qeedalsìmi) <br />
The books showed a healthy balance at the end of last<br />
month Warraye alsih illacabol cisab nek fayda le qeedalsim<br />
yuybulle 2 v.intr 1 qeedalsime Our books balanced at<br />
the end of the month Alsi illacabol ni cisab qeedalsime 2<br />
qeedaalise She balanced the pot on her head Is buuti isiamol<br />
qeedaalisseh
ald [bO~ld] adj bidaàr le He is bald Usuk bidaar le<br />
bald, become v.intr [bIkø~m bO~ld] bidaàr baahe He became<br />
bald at a young age Usuk qunxih bidaar baahe<br />
baldness [bO~ldnIs] n bidaara Baldness comes with age<br />
Bidaara bar luk gexxaama<br />
bald head [bÅ~ld hEd] n bidaàru A bald head is honoured<br />
Bidaaru yassakaxxeenih; In the council a bald head is<br />
reckoned as an elder, and at home as wealthy Bidaaru caxal<br />
makaabantu yakkaleenih, buxal gaddali yakkalen (<strong>Afar</strong><br />
proverb)<br />
ball [bO~l] n 1 koqso It is good for children’s health to play<br />
with a ball Urri koqso lih digiram ken xagarih qaafiyatah<br />
meqeh 2 koqsòh inna The children rolled clay into a ball<br />
Urri kalla koqsoh innah sooke 3 gombo A cyclist moves<br />
the pedals with the ball of his foot Biskil beya num<br />
dadbeena ibi gombot gutqa<br />
ball game [bO~l gem] n koqsò digir (digìri) Ball games are<br />
always played between peers Koqso digir fiqima fanat kulli<br />
way takkeemi<br />
balloon [b´lu~n] n ufuffa Children love to play with<br />
balloons Urri ufuffoota digirisam kicinah<br />
ballot [bœ~l´t] n dooro The ballot for President took place<br />
yesterday Umuunoh Abbah dooro kimal tekke 2 v.tr<br />
qangartà essere The foreman ballotted the work force<br />
Kabbo taamammarah qangarta essere<br />
balustrade [bœ~l´stred] n birtì kelu A balustrade is often<br />
built at the side of steps to prevent people falling off<br />
Mangih daragak / ibobsak sinam raddaamak birti kelu xisan<br />
bamboo [bœmbu~] 1 n qiiyya / kasab (kasàba) Our<br />
compound fence was built of bamboo Ni qarih daarat<br />
qiiyyak / kasabak bicisen 2 adj qiiyyak / kasàbak ene A<br />
cane is a bamboo stick Kaydaranti qiiyyak yan / kasabak yan<br />
caxxa<br />
ban [bœ~n] n madqà waaso There is a ban on the import of<br />
khat to some countries Baaxooxak tul gaat culusaanamal<br />
madqa waaso tan<br />
banana [b´nA~n´] n muus (muùsu) A banana tree has long<br />
green leaves Muus caxa anxaxin xer ayyuufa le<br />
band [bœ~nd] n 1 boor (boòru) Wrap a band round the<br />
bleeding hand! Qabalta gaba boorut axuy! 2 egla The<br />
band of artists acted to honour the President Xoklah eglah<br />
mari Ummuunoh Abbah massakaxxah digir abe<br />
band together [bœnd t´gE~D´] v.intr tìtta tibbixe, tìttat tengele<br />
The team-mates banded together to help their captain<br />
Xokon adoytit isinni mirac cattuh titta tibbixe They<br />
banded together to start a business Oson badaaqat<br />
qimbisoonu tittat yengelen<br />
bandage [bœ~ndIdZ] 1 n baasima / fassa Bring me a new<br />
bandage to put on the wound Qusba baasima / fassa dalel<br />
hayuh yoh bah! 2 v.tr baasimat malmaale The doctor<br />
bandaged her arm Daktoor gabal teetik baasimat malmaale<br />
23<br />
bandaged [bœ~ndIdZd] adj bòor le His bad leg is<br />
bandaged Biyaakita ibi kaak boor le<br />
bandit [bœ~ndIt] n sefta Bandits met us on the way and<br />
snatched goods from us Sefta gitat neh garayteh duyye nek<br />
bukkusse<br />
bandy-legged [bœ~ndi-legd] adj golbà le My sister’s<br />
husband is bandy-legged Yi maqanxah baqli golba le <br />
bandy-legged man [bœ~ndi-lEgId mœn] gòlba A bandylegged<br />
man cannot walk straight Golbi missat gexu<br />
maduuda<br />
bang [bœ~N] 1 n dubto What is that bang? Woh maa<br />
dubtoy? 2 v.intr dùb-hee I banged on the door Anu<br />
baab dùb-hee<br />
bang into [bœ~N I~ntu] prep.v.tr ...-t umuttuke ...-t boode <br />
Those people banged into one another Woo mari tittat<br />
yumuttuke; The car banged into the lamppost Baabur<br />
kooraan qamiddut boodde<br />
bangle [bœ~Ngl¢] n giyyòlta; sookòyta The bridegroom<br />
bought a beautiful bangle for his bride Qarus qibnah<br />
qaxmeqe giyyolta xaame The man wears a bangle given<br />
by his wife Num isi barra kaah tece sookoyta haysita<br />
banish [bœ~nIS] v.tr eyyeeqe The head teacher banished the<br />
bad pupils from school Iskoolah abba uma darsa iskoolak<br />
yeyyeeqe<br />
bank [bœ~Nk] n 1 gafan (gafàna) When a lot of rain fell, the<br />
flood water broke the wadi bank Kaxxa rob rade waqdi<br />
weeqi gafan yiggile 2 bànki All my money is in the bank<br />
Yi lakqo inkih bankil tan<br />
banker [bœ~Nk´] n bankaàbe He was soon a successful<br />
banker Usuk xayuk anfaq le bankaabe yekke<br />
bankrupt [bœ~NkrUpt] 1 adj baacà le He ended up<br />
bankrupt Usuk baaca luk raaqe 2 n baacòyta A<br />
bankrupt asks people for help Baacoyti ixibu sinaamal<br />
essera 3 v.tr baacise His wife bankrupted my uncle Yi<br />
qammi kay barra kaa baacisse<br />
bankrupt, become [bIkU~m bœ~NkrUpt] v.intr baacite I<br />
became bankrupt Anu baaciteh<br />
bankruptcy [bœ~Nkr´ptsi] n baaca How did my<br />
bankruptcy come about? Yi baaca manni kabuk radde?<br />
banner [bœ~n´] n qàlam (qàlama) Each club has its own<br />
banner Kulli egla isi qalam le<br />
banquet [bœ~NkwIt] n xigla Our government made a great<br />
banquet for the President of Kenya when he came to our<br />
country Keenyah Abba ni baaxo yemeete saaku ni doolat<br />
kaxxa xigla kaah abte<br />
baptism [bœ~ptIzm] n kummayso Baptism means immersion<br />
in, or sprinkling with water of a person putting faith in<br />
Christ Kummayso akak iyyaanam Masiicil yaamine num leet<br />
kummaysaanam akke kee lee kaal rifaanam akke<br />
baptize [bœ~ptAIz] v.tr kummayse John baptized people in<br />
B
B<br />
water when they repented of their sins Yucanna sinam edde<br />
asse dambik toobitte waqdi leet ken kummaysak yen<br />
bar [bA~] 1 v.tr hoore The referee barred the player who<br />
insulted him in the game Koqsok inayta digir addal kaa xaafe<br />
num digirik hooreh 2 n 1 gocòy qari Bars are few in<br />
Djibouti Yabuutil gocoy qarwa dagoh 2 liciita The gate<br />
has five bars Daarat culmeyna koona liciita le<br />
barb [bA~b] n damum (damuùmu) The barb on the fish hook<br />
tore my dress Kolloffa damum kurta yok qanxiseh<br />
barbarian [bAbE~´rI´n] n xintò màli A barbarian is one who<br />
has not experienced civilization Xinto mali cadaarat barite<br />
wee numu<br />
barbarity [bAbœ~rItI] n xintò maliino I never saw such<br />
barbarity Annah tan xinto maliino way maballinniyo<br />
barber [bA~b‰] n xagorsireèna / xagòr yargìqi The barber<br />
earns a lot on a feast day Qiddi saaku xagorsireeni / xagor<br />
yargiqi kaxxa duyye geya<br />
bare [bE~´] 1 adj 1 qasin The sun beat down on his bare<br />
head Ayro qasin amo kaak umannah xagte 2 foyyah <br />
Because of drought the fields are bare Qabaarak gexxaamah<br />
buqre ardi foyyah yan 2 adv qasuni Small children go<br />
about bare in their area Qunxa urri isinni caafatal qasunuk<br />
gexa 3 v.tr qaddoyse / qexxinise He bared his soul Usuk<br />
isi niyat tanim qaddoyse / qexxinise<br />
barely [bE~´li] adv qaàxah, qàmlih I barely caught the<br />
Dikhil bus Dekel gexxa baabur qaaxah / qamlih matare<br />
bareback [bE~´bœk] adv illeqassi Riding bareback<br />
requires experience Meerraytut illeqassi gexaanam baritto<br />
faxxa<br />
barechested [bE´tSE~stId] adv alilqassi / sunkuqassi Coolies<br />
often work barechested Xooquh xiina mangih alilqassih /<br />
sunkuqassih taamita<br />
barefaced [bE~´fest] adj qado That was a barefaced lie<br />
Woh qado diraaba<br />
barefoot [bE~´fUt] adv ibaqassi In order not to make the<br />
floor dirty people go in barefoot Qarik baax<br />
wassakoowaamak ibaqassih culan<br />
bareheaded [bE~´hEdId] adv amoqassi Girls go<br />
bareheaded until their marriage Baxuw digibaanam fanah<br />
amoqassih gexa<br />
bargain [bA~gIn] 1 n addàh tan limo The purchaser pleaded<br />
with the shopkeeper to give him a bargain Duyye xaamita<br />
num dokkaan le numuk addah tan limo kaah abam kallace<br />
2 v.intr qadaaqade The unions bargained with the<br />
employers over pay Itticaad mari taama absiisa mara luk<br />
cawalal / maahiyatal qadaaqadeh<br />
bark 1 [bA~k] n qìngir (qìngiiri) The trunk of the tree has bark<br />
on the outside Caxa daabak iro kabul qingir le<br />
bark 2 [bA~k] v.intr hàw-exce When a dog sees a thief he<br />
barks loudly Kuti garqa yable waqdi kaxxam hàw-iyya<br />
24<br />
barley [bA~li] n gabru / haffali Barley is very good for<br />
porridge Gabru / Haffali laqsoh nabam meqe<br />
barn [bA~n] n rìig (rìigi) They put the harvest in a barn Murti<br />
riigit haan<br />
barrage [bœ~rAdZ] n 1 qagum (qagùmu) / karàwwad<br />
(karàwwada), dabir (dabiìri) We built a barrage in the<br />
wadi to divert water to fields Obta lee buqre fan maknu<br />
xaqaaral qagum / karawwad xisne 2 dabir (dabiìri) We<br />
built a barrage at the compound gate to prevent flood<br />
waters entering the house Weeqi lee qari cule waytam-gidih<br />
daarat afat dabir hayne 3 faatsinna The enemy kept up a<br />
barrage of fire against us Qaduwwi net abe girah ugra<br />
faatsinna luk ten<br />
barrel [bœ~r´l] n barmiil (barmiìli) A barrel is very useful for<br />
storing water Barmiil lee raqsah kaxxa tuxxiq le<br />
barren [bœ~r´n] adj maxalayto The barren woman gave birth<br />
after many years Maxalaytoh sugte barra mango sanootak<br />
sarra xalteh<br />
barricade [bœ~rIked] 1 n gexekàla There was a barricade<br />
across the road Gital gexekala heenih sugen 2 v.tr<br />
maraasiye The gunmen barricaded themselves in Giraare<br />
le mari culekalat isinni maraasiyen<br />
barrier [bœ~rI´] n hooreyna When the train comes the car<br />
barrier is lowered Meel yamaate waqdi baabur hooreyna<br />
oobisan<br />
barrow [bœ~ro] n gabaggàari A barrow is very useful for<br />
transporting goods in streets unsuitable for cars Baabuurah<br />
bica sinni gitittel gabaggaari duyye beytoh kaxxa tuxxiq le<br />
base [be~s] 1 n 1 guub (guùbu) Where is your base in<br />
Djibouti? Yabuutih addal ku guub ankey? 2 asaas (assaàsa)<br />
The base of the column was made of iron Wakbi asaas<br />
akak biciseenim birta 3 buxux (buxùxu) Put these things<br />
at the base of the tree A duyye caxak buxuxul hayis! 2 adj<br />
cescès le Their base behaviour sickened me Ken cesces le<br />
gexgexit yoo sakkise 3 v.tr rakiibise On what do you<br />
base your argument? Ku qadada macal rakiibissa?<br />
baseless [be~sl´s] adj asaàs sinni That gossip is baseless<br />
Woo texcetexce asaas mali<br />
baseness [be~sn´s] n adbisìnna The baseness of those<br />
people is unacceptable Woo marih adbisinna moggolsimta<br />
basement [be~sm´nt] n gongooni We use our basement<br />
for storage Nanu ninni gongooni buulo lino<br />
bashful [bœ~SfUl] adj wacarrìy le He is very bashful where<br />
there are a lot of people Usuk sinam elle mango-ikkel kaxxa<br />
wacarriy le<br />
basin [be~sn¢] n madqàntu / mateyba My mother brought us<br />
food in a basin Yi-ina madqantul / mateybal maaqo neh<br />
xayyosse<br />
basis [be~sIs] n asaas (asaàsa) What is the basis of your<br />
argument? Ku yaabih asaas macay?
asket [bœ~skIt] n agabto / dambil (dambiìli) / kafaq (kafàqa) <br />
My aunt always brings her goods in a basket from the shop<br />
Yi-anna duyye dokkaanak uumaan agabtot / dambiilit /<br />
kafaqat bahta<br />
bastard [bA~st´d] 1 n ilmòyta A bastard is one born out of<br />
wedlock Ilmoyti gennaaqo sinnim yaabuke baxa 2 adj<br />
ilmoytah ene The bastard son inherited his wealth Kay<br />
gadda ilmoytah yan baxi nagare [The term ‘bastard’ is not<br />
considered to be polite]<br />
bat [bœ~t] n 1 xaqayxaqto A bat only flies at night, not in<br />
the day Xaqayxaqto bar akke waytek loqo mahaadda 2<br />
luucàt iloyta A bat for hitting a ball must be strong Koqso<br />
edde yaatuken luucat iloyti maqar lem faxximta<br />
bath [bA~T] n kaqaylò birkat (birkàta) The water in the bath is<br />
soapy Kaqaylo birkatal tan lee saabunle<br />
bathe [be~D] v.tr kaqale I bathe myself every day Anu kulli<br />
saaku kaqala<br />
bathing [be~DIN] pres.part baddì kaqaylo We go bathing<br />
in the sea every Friday Nanu kulli Gumaqtah baddi<br />
kaqayloh bad genxa<br />
bathroom [bA~Trum] n kaqaylò goli Our bathroom includes<br />
a bath, shower and toilet Ni kaqaylo goli kaqaylo birkatay,<br />
leerriifo kee xaaco mateeba le<br />
baton [bœ~tÅn] n gabaccàxxa The police carry batons Boliis<br />
gabaccaxxa le<br />
batter 1 [bœ~t´] n qagìna; lokèn daro My mother makes<br />
batter every morning Yi-ina saakuk saaku qagina lokta <br />
<strong>Afar</strong> pancakes are made from batter Loken darok lucluc<br />
haan<br />
batter 2 [bœ~t´] v.tr duubuye The waves battered the boat<br />
Moogat doonik duubuyteh; He battered our door Usuk ni<br />
baab duubuyeh<br />
battery [bœ~tri] n 1 tirìik xaa My torch takes two batteries<br />
Yi gabatiriik tiriik xeetik nammay beya 2 faatsinna They<br />
kept up a battery of questions Oson xayyoosen esseroora<br />
faatsinnal ten<br />
battle [bœ~tl¢] 1 n maysattaka There was a great battle<br />
yesterday Kimal kaxxa maysattaka tekke 2 v.intr ingiicille<br />
The tenants battled to have their houses repaired Kirisite<br />
mari qarwa maymuqutuh yingiicilleh She battled to<br />
survive Is saabittuh tingiicilleh<br />
bawl [bO~l] v.intr boogise The boy bawled loudly when the<br />
snake bit him Baaxot ali kaat are waqdi awki nabam boogise<br />
bay 1 [be~] n gobbat (gobbàta) When the wind rose we<br />
sheltered the boat in the bay Caacay nel rade waqdi doonik<br />
gobbatat reebisne<br />
bay 2 [be~] v.intr awweerise / haamuuruse The hyenas were<br />
baying last night Yanguli bir awweerisak / haamuurusak<br />
xiine<br />
25<br />
bayonet [be~´nIt \ be´nE!t] n banduggile The soldiers had<br />
bayonets Qaskar banduggile luk ten<br />
be [bi~] v.intr ekke; ene Be a good boy! Meqe awka tik! I<br />
don’t want to be alone Dibuk anim mafaxa, Let it be!<br />
Tanitay inxic!; Where will he be? Usuk ankel yan kay?<br />
beach [bi~tS] n baddaf (baddaàfa) We found crabs on the<br />
beach Baddaafal cinkaakirre geyneh<br />
beacon [bi~kn¢] n oytì gira When we were lost we lit a<br />
beacon on a high place Nanu bayne waqdi fayya le-ikkel oyti<br />
gira urusne<br />
bead [bi~d] n ùnxux (ùnxuuxu) Girls wear beads round the<br />
neck Baxuw unxux fillat haa<br />
beak [bi~k] n damum (damuùmu) While they are still small,<br />
birds feed their young with the beak Kimbiro isi xaylo<br />
qunxon fanah damum afat keenik haak adoobissa<br />
beam [bi~m] 1 n 1 amottabsì caxxa Beams strengthen the<br />
roof Amottabsi caxxi qarik amo maqar bahsiisa 2 ìfu We<br />
see our way by the beam from the torch Gabatiriik iful elle<br />
genxa gita nable 2 v.tr diifise / ifise Don’t beam your<br />
torch at me! Isi gabattiriik yol mïifisin / màdiifisin! 3 v.intr<br />
binìyya-exce My mother beamed when she saw me Yi-ina<br />
yoo tuble waqdi binìyya-inte<br />
bean [bi~n] n fuul (fuùlu) Some people eat beans for<br />
breakfast Sahdak tu fuul qeerakaloh / kuraaqah takme<br />
bear [b‰~´] v.tr 1 quùkah baahe I bore the sick goat home<br />
Anu biyaakitta reyta buxa fan quukah baahe 2 coolaysite I<br />
couldn’t bear this pain A biyaakih qansaruh coolaysitam<br />
maduudinniyo<br />
born [bO~n] past part ooboke; imfiqe My mother was born<br />
in Obock (Hayyu) Yi-ina Cayyul tooboke A new<br />
generation is being born Qusba cata tamfiqe<br />
bear [b‰~´] n dubbi Bears are very large fierce animals<br />
Dubbitte kaxxam cunxussa alluwwa<br />
beard [bi~´d] n deben (debèni) Old men love to grow beards<br />
Idoola deben taysubukem kicina<br />
beast [bi~st] n àla At night we heard wild beasts moving<br />
around Nanu bar alluwwa kabuk kabul abta angoyya<br />
aabbuk xinne<br />
beat [bi~t] v.tr 1 oogore If children wouldn’t learn, we used<br />
to beat them Urri barite cinek, ken aaguruk nen 2 eyse <br />
They beat us at ball Koqsol nek yeyseenih 3 bukuse We<br />
beat those who attacked our country Ni baaxo warareh suge<br />
mara bukusne 4 loke I beat flour, milk and eggs together<br />
Anu burriy, can kee naala tittat loke<br />
beating [bi~tIN] n utka They took me unawares, gave me a<br />
beating and went off Garcit yoo yibbixeenih, uma utka yot<br />
abeenih, caben<br />
beat up [bit ø~p] phr.v.tr oogore A drunk beat me up<br />
when I was travelling alone Dibuk gexak suge way gocyite<br />
numih gabat yoo yoogore<br />
B
B<br />
beauty [bju~ti] n qàxa She now has a beauty she didn’t have<br />
when young Is qunxa mariinol luk suge wayte qaxa bahte<br />
beautiful [bju~tIfl¢] adj qàxmeqe The eyes are attracted by<br />
a beautiful girl Inti qaxmeqe awkat wagarta<br />
beautify [bju~tifAI] v.tr qàxa eymeeqe I am trying to<br />
beautify myself Anu inni qaxa aymaaqem gabbata<br />
because [bIkÅ~z] sub.conj sababa Because I didn’t want to do<br />
my work, I left Anu inni taama abam faxe weemih sababah<br />
cabeh<br />
beckon [bE~kn¢] v.intr gaba ...h case My uncle beckoned to<br />
me in a crowded place Sinam elle mango-ikkel yi qammi<br />
gaba yoh case<br />
beckoning [bE~k´nIN] adj ascassih His beckoning finger<br />
caught my attention Kay ascassih feera hangi yok beyte<br />
become [bIkø~m] 1 v.intr ekke He became a good student<br />
at school Usuk iskoolal meqe darsaytu yekke 2 v.tr ...-l lùk<br />
gexe Green doesn’t become her Inxixi teetil luk magexa<br />
bed [bE~d] n olloyta; kaqaada; qarkayto Do you know how<br />
to make a bed? Olloyta elle bicsaninna maay taaxige? I<br />
gave up my bed for the guest Anu inni kaqaada qibnaytuh<br />
cabe The bed we made of palm leaf rope lasted us a long<br />
time Caawiyatak bicisne qarkayto kibu nel lih sugte<br />
bedbug [bE~dbøg] n qasaàla This bed is full of bugs<br />
(bedbugs) A fiddima qasaalak kibuk tan<br />
bedridden [bE~drIdn¢] adj qarkaytò num (nùmu) That<br />
illness left him bedridden Woo biyak qarkayto num kaa abe<br />
bedroom [bE~drUm] n xintimà goli This house has two<br />
bedrooms A qari namma xintima goli le<br />
bedspread [bE~dsprEd] n kaqaàdassaro Bring out the best<br />
bedspread for the guest! Qibnaytuh inkih tayse kaqaadassaro<br />
acuy!<br />
bee [bi~] n diidaalèyta Bees suck nectar from flower after<br />
flower Diidaale qobortaak qobortak xaqamu xugta<br />
beehive [bi~hAIv] n diidaalè goodu We got a lot of honey<br />
from the beehive Diidaale goodut kaxxa malab geyne<br />
beef [bi~f] n laahì cado Goat meat is tastier than beef Wadar<br />
cado laahi cadok salfah tayseh<br />
beep [bi~p] ‘bib’ Who is making the car ‘beep’? Baabur ‘bib’<br />
haytam iyyay?<br />
beer [bi~r] n biira Drinking beer is forbidden among us<br />
Biira yaaqubeenimil ni garil madqa desso tan<br />
beetle [bi~tl] n ingaahiyo / conkokollo Beetles don’t harm<br />
people Ingaahiyo / Conkokollo tu sinaamal mabahta<br />
beetroot [bi~trut] n bitraaf (bitraàfa) Beetroot is good for<br />
anaemic people Bitraaf qabali dagna le marah meqe<br />
before [bIfO~] 1 sub.conj dabùrul / dùmal / nahàral elle Why<br />
didn’t you go to the doctor before you got very ill? Biyaakah<br />
umannal gactaamak daburul / dumal / naharal elle daktoorul<br />
macah gexe wayte? 2 prep 1 ...-k dùmal He came before<br />
you Usuk kok dumal yemeete I have seen him before this<br />
26<br />
Anu ahak dumal kaa ubleh suge 2 ...-k qansal Stand<br />
before me! Yok qansal sol!<br />
befriend [bifrE~nd] v.tr wadaysite; raddowsise I befriended<br />
the new student Qusbih yemeete darsaytu wadaysite <br />
Before I mounted the horse I befriended him Faras feerak<br />
dumal kaa raddowsise<br />
beg [bE~g] v.tr kallace The boy begged his father to put him<br />
in school Awki abba iskoolat kaa hayuh kallace<br />
beggar [bE~g´] n maàluh xaaqsime Beggars sleep on the<br />
pavement Maaluh xaaqsima giti qaxal xinta<br />
begging [bE~gIN] n maalixaqto Begging is degrading<br />
Maalixaqto numuk qakkos le<br />
begin [bIgI~n] v.tr qimbise I began school at an early age<br />
Anu iskoola qunxih qimbise<br />
beginner [bIgI~n´] n qimbisà num (nùmu) He is a<br />
beginner at this work Usuk a taama qimbisa numu<br />
beginning [bIgI~nIN] n qimbo He was good at the<br />
beginning Usuk qimbol muquk suge<br />
begrudge [bIgrø~dZ] v.tr faxè wee He begrudged helping me<br />
Usuk faxe waak yoo cate<br />
behave [bIhe~v] v.intr 1 qàmal le; taamite He is nice to<br />
others but behaves badly at home Usuk iro maral meqeh, isi<br />
buxal uma qamal le How does your new car behave?<br />
Qusba baabur, a way litoh iyya, manninnah taamitta? 2<br />
càyyal eelle My son behaves himself when he goes to<br />
other people’s houses Yi baxi marin buxaaxi gexa waqdi<br />
cayyal yaalle<br />
behaviour [bIhe~vj´] n gexgèxit (gexgèxiti) What is his<br />
behaviour like? Gexgexit kaak manna le?<br />
behead [bIhE~d] v.tr moyyà kale Behead him! Moyya kaak<br />
kal!<br />
beheading [bIhE~dIN] n amokàlti / moyyakàlti They<br />
sentenced him to beheading for murder Usuk num qideemih<br />
sabbatah amokalti / moyyakalti cokmi kaal aben<br />
behind [bIhA~Ind] 1 prep -k ... widir (widìri); -k ... làkat Put<br />
the cart behind the horse! Gaari farasak widirit hayis! He<br />
always goes behind his father Usuk ìnki isi-abbak lakat gexa<br />
2 adv 1 darrèh ene He is behind in school Usuk barittol<br />
darreh yan 2 widìrih / elle I asked him to remain behind<br />
Anu widirih / elle raaqam kaa essere<br />
behold [bIho~ld] v.tr esseleeleqe His work is a joy to behold<br />
Kay taama yassaleeleqeenimit tassa tan<br />
belch [bE~ltS] v.intr dingaaqite I belched after the food I ate<br />
last night Bir okme maaqok lakal dingaaqiteh<br />
belief [bIli~f] n kibaal (kibaàla) His belief in his friend was<br />
misplaced Usuk isi kataysal hee kibaal arac kaak magenna<br />
believe [bIli~v] v.tr niya le I believe my father will return<br />
today Anu yi-abba a saaku gaceleemih niya liyo<br />
believer [bIli~v´] n yaaminè num (nùmu) He is a believer<br />
in the future Usuk beerih ayrol yaamine numu
ell [bE~l] n baadònta The school bell rings every morning<br />
Iskoola baadonti kulli saaku kaluuluwita<br />
belligerence [bIli~dZr´ns] n wiìl inti He exhibits belligerence<br />
to people who love peace Usuk wagari faxa mara wiil intit<br />
yable<br />
bellow [bE~low] v.intr aleekise / boogise Why is the boy<br />
bellowing? Awki macah aleekisa / boogisa?<br />
bellowing [bE~lowIN] n garad (garàda) We heard the<br />
bellowing of the bull from afar Nanu xer-ikkek awur garad<br />
noobbe<br />
bellows [bE~loz] n.pl ufuyfeyna The blacksmith has bellows<br />
Kuuryaaguri ufuyfeyna le<br />
belly [bE~li] n gàrba The boy’s belly was swollen from<br />
hunger Awki garbi qululuk gexxaamah ufuuteh<br />
belong [bIlÅ~N] v.intr ikoytiinò le; le / …-im (…-ìmi) That<br />
book belongs to me Woo buuk ikoytiinoh liyo To whom<br />
does this book belong? A buuk iyyi le? / A buuk iyyinimi?<br />
belongings [bIlÅ~NgINgz] n.pl duyye We want to collect<br />
our belongings from the house Nanu ninni duyye qarik<br />
beynam fanxa<br />
beloved [bIlø~vId] n kacanòyta He is my beloved Usuk yi<br />
kacanoyta<br />
below [bIlo~] 1 prep adda; gubaàmo He is below me in<br />
class Usuk barittol yok addah yan; They live below us Oson<br />
nek gubaamol guubuh yanin 2 adv guba Put the book on<br />
top of the desk, not below! Buuk kutub qarrah amol hayis,<br />
guba hinnah<br />
belt 1 [bE~lt] n qarum (qarùmu) I have a belt round my waist<br />
because the trousers are too big for me Sirwaal yok<br />
yembeemih sabbatah qarum maaxayal liyo<br />
belt 2 [bE~lt] v.intr fixite On seeing his teacher, the boy<br />
belted round the corner Kabir elle yuble-ikkel, awki qari<br />
sangerri kabuk fixite<br />
bench [bE~ntS] n xèr daffeynah caxxa The children sat five<br />
on a bench Urri xer daffeynah caxxih amol konoy akkuk<br />
daffe<br />
benchmark [bE~ntSmAk] n maddat (maddàta) His<br />
performance set a good benchmark Kay abit meqe maddat<br />
yuybulluye<br />
bend [bE~nd] 1 v.tr golbaqe Don’t bend the picture!<br />
Taswiir magolbaqin! Bring me a stick which has been<br />
bent! Golbaqen caxxa yoh bah! 2 n mako That road has<br />
many bends in it Woo giti makooki mango<br />
bend over [bE~nd o~v´] v.intr ...-t cangooge The teacher<br />
bent over to see the pupil’s writing Kabir darsayti kutbe<br />
wagituh kaat cangooge<br />
beneath [bIniT] prep 1 gùba Sit beneath the tree! Caxak<br />
gubal daffey! 2 addàh ene I am beneath his consideration<br />
Kay loowok addah an<br />
27<br />
benefactor [bE~nIfœkt´] n maruwwàt baqla / meqembàrli <br />
Who is your benefactor? Ku maruwwat baqli / meqembarli<br />
iyyay?<br />
beneficial [bEnIfiSl¢] adj tuxxìq le A cool country is<br />
beneficial to health Xamcin baaxo qaafiyatah tuxxiq le Your<br />
advice is beneficial for me Ku fayi yoh tuxxiq le<br />
beneficiary [bEnIfiS´rI¢] n nagareèna My father was a<br />
beneficiary of his will Kay farrintol yi-abba nagareenak ten<br />
benefit [bE~nIfIt] 1 n meqemgey (meqemgèyi); tuxxiq<br />
(tuxxiìqi) The reason I did that was for your benefit Woh<br />
akah abem ku meqemgeyi Education has benefits Baritto<br />
isih tuxxiq le 2 v.tr ...-h xiqe Learning <strong>English</strong> will<br />
benefit you somewhat Ingiliis af barittam tuk teyna koh<br />
xiqele<br />
benevolence [b´nE~vln¢s] n meqemmariino Because of his<br />
benevolence many people take money / things from him<br />
Kay meqemmariinok gexxaamah mango mari duyye kaak<br />
beeta<br />
benign [bInA~In] adj 1 meqèllat le My father exerts a benign<br />
influence on the people Yi-abba meqellat le xagis sinaamal<br />
lih le 2 dùrri mali He has a benign growth Usuk xagarat<br />
durri sinni kuxba le<br />
bent [bE~nt] adj golbaqò le As the blade is bent the knife<br />
does not cut well Af akak golbaqo leemih sabbatah gile<br />
nagay matargiqa<br />
bequeath [bIkwi~D] v.tr farriime He bequeathed his car to his<br />
brother Usuk isi baabur isi toobokoytah farriime<br />
bequest [bIkwE~st] n farrimtonnàgara She received a bequest<br />
for her schooling from a rich man Gaddali teetih tubbarittoh<br />
cabe farrimtonnagara tontoccowwime<br />
bereave [bIri~v] v.tr wàyi hee / waysiise Don’t bereave me of<br />
your presence! Isi xayna wayi yoo mahan / Isi xayna yoo<br />
mawaysiisin!<br />
berth [b‰~T] 1 n 1 dikkat (dikkàta) What berth is the<br />
British ship moored at? Ingiliis markab edde yiqissigem maa<br />
dikkatay? 2 xintimàh arac (aràca) The traveller got a<br />
berth on the ship Gexenti markab amol xintimah arac gee<br />
2 v.tr dikkàtat cigaade At what time did they berth the<br />
ship? Markab maa saaqatal dikkatat cigaaden<br />
berth - give a wide v.intr ...-k baxxòl gexe I gave that bad<br />
man’s house a wide berth Anu woo uma numih qarik baxxol<br />
gexe<br />
beseech [bIsi~tS] v.tr kallace She besought her mother to<br />
send her to the wedding Digib xoklah tet rubtu is isi-ina<br />
kallacte<br />
beside [bIsA~Id] 1 prep xàqu The boy sits beside his<br />
brother Awki isi toobokoytih xaqul daffeya<br />
besides [bIsA~Idz] adv ossotinah kaadu They have good<br />
clothes and much money besides Oson meqe sartan luk,<br />
ossotinah kaadu mango lakqo lon 2 prep kàlah I have<br />
B
B<br />
another brother besides Omar Qumaarak kalah gersi<br />
toobokòyta liyo<br />
besiege [bIsi~dZ] 1 v.tr awqekàlat maraasiye Their enemies<br />
besieged the town Ken naqabtooli magaala awqekalat<br />
maraasiyeh 2 fig qoxxise The crowd besieged the shop<br />
where the food they were waiting for arrived Waak sugen<br />
maaqiddi elle yemeete-ikkel, sinam dokkaan afal titta<br />
qoxxisse<br />
best [bE~st] 1 adj meqe So, it is best to go home Aysah,<br />
buxah gexeh meqe 2 sup.adj inkìh eyse; qas She is the<br />
best pupil Is barittol inkih tayse darsayto My best friend<br />
helped me Yi qas kataysa yoo cate<br />
best man [bE~st mœn] n aligge, qarùs maqanxa Who will<br />
you have for your best man at your wedding? Digibtu<br />
wayta saaku aliggeh / qarus maqanxah iyya haysite lito?<br />
bet [bE~t] 1 n sàrti We made a bet that he and I would not<br />
quarrel Yoo kee kaa qeebi tittat abe waynu waynaamih sarti<br />
culne 2 v.tr sàrti ...cule He bet you that he would win<br />
Usuk ayseleemih sarti kol lih cule<br />
betray [bItre~] v.tr oysocowwe; gane That man betrayed me<br />
to the police Woo num boliisil yoo yoysocowweh He<br />
betrayed my trust in him Usuk anu kaal luk suge aamantina<br />
ganeh<br />
betrayal [bItre~´l~] n gano Their betrayal of him was<br />
unforgivable Kaat aben gano qafuuka mali<br />
better [bE~t´] adj 1 qaffoote He is better from his sickness<br />
Usuk lakimak qaffoote 2 eyse It is better for you to go<br />
Gexxam koh tayse<br />
better (than) [bE~t´r “D´n‘] 1 adj compar ...-k eyse His<br />
writing was better than before Kay kutbe dumak tayse 2<br />
adv ...-k eyse; ...-k iysiise I want you to do better at<br />
reading than this Ahak yayse kiriyaati abtam kok faxa He<br />
performs better than I do Usuk yok yaysiiseh<br />
better off - be [bi bE~t´r Åf] v.intr taysè fayda gee If we<br />
sell those goats we will be better off Woo wadar neylemmek<br />
tayse fayda geyenno<br />
between [bItwi~n] prep fànat Six is between five and seven<br />
Lecey konoy kee malcin fanat yan<br />
between, in [In bItwi~n] prep.adv fanat There are books in<br />
between those clothes Woo sarih fanat buukaat yan<br />
beware [bIwE~´r] v.tr cùbbi gee; garace wee Beware of the<br />
dog! Kutak cubbi gey! Beware of that man! Woo numuh<br />
magarcitin!<br />
bewilder [bIwI~ld´] v.tr badise The many streets in the town<br />
bewildered me Magaalal gititte manga yoo badisse That<br />
question bewildered me Woo essero yoo badisse<br />
bewilderment [bIwI~ld´m´nt] n badit (badìti) She walked<br />
through the town in bewilderment Is magaalah adda baditit<br />
gexxe<br />
bewitch [bIwI~tS] v.tr baàb ...-l abe He bewitched me Baab<br />
yol abe<br />
28<br />
bewitching [bIwI~tSIN] adj seèlis le / biniyto le / musuyto le<br />
She has a bewitching smile Is seelis le / biniyto le /<br />
musuyto le<br />
beyond [bIyÅ~nd] prep ...-k biso We visited places beyond<br />
Randa Nanu Randak bisoh raqta arooca boosah genxe <br />
The house is beyond the well Qari qeelak bisoh yan<br />
Bible [bA~Ibl¢] n Gudsì Kitab (Kitaàba) / Bàybil (Bàybili) The<br />
Bible is the truth Gudsi Kitab / Baybil nummak yen<br />
biceps [bA~IsEps] n tobdo Coolies have strong biceps<br />
Xooquh xiina gibdi tobdo le<br />
bicycle [bA~IsIkl¢] n baskil (baskìli) I fell off my bicycle many<br />
times Anu baskilik mango waqdi rade<br />
bid [bI~d] 1 n limommìiso My father made a higher bid<br />
than any others for the fat doe goat at the auction Caraagal<br />
yi-abba gabul le reytal muxxutta limommiiso abe 2 v.tr 1<br />
limommìiso exce Who bid the highest amount? Muxxutta<br />
limoomiiso intem iyyay? 2 ...-k exce On leaving, the<br />
sailor bade / bid his mother goodbye Bahriyayti elle safareikkel<br />
isi-inak ‘Salaamata’ iyye<br />
bier [bi~´] n raysì caxxa Four men carried the bier Affara<br />
num raysi caxxa yukkuqe<br />
big [bI~g] adj 1 gàmbi naba; naba He is a big man Usuk<br />
gambi naba numu That is a big house Woh naba qari 2<br />
kaxxa He has become a big man Usuk kaxxa num yekke<br />
bigger [bI~g´] adj.compar naba He is bigger than me Usuk<br />
yok nabah<br />
bighead [bI~ghEd] n ìsit tu yakkali The bighead praises<br />
himself Isit tu yakkali is faylisa<br />
bigamy [bI~g´mi] n caggiino In England bigamy is<br />
forbidden Ingiliis baaxol caggiino haysitaanam madqa<br />
deessah<br />
bigamist [bI~g´mIst] n caggò baqla A bigamist has lots of<br />
trouble Caggo baqli kaxxa taqabi le<br />
bile [bA~Il] n tirobbagìh caysossik tawqe lee The bile which<br />
comes from the gall-bladder helps digest food Tirobbagih<br />
caysossik tawqe lee maaqo riyoh tu xiqta<br />
bilious [bI~lIy´s] adj quwwè le A person who feels<br />
bilious vomits Quwwe le num alliitah<br />
bilharzia [bIlhA~tsIj´] n qadlakìma Some of the people living<br />
in Badda have bilharzia Badda deqsitta baaxoh marak tu<br />
qadlakima le<br />
bilingual [bAIlI~Nw´l] adj nammà afih ixxiga le That man is<br />
bilingual Woo num namma afih ixxiga le<br />
bill [bI~l] 1 n 1 magoytà warkat (warkàta) That man has a<br />
bill at the shop Woo num magoyta warkat dokkaanal le 2<br />
damum (damuùmu) The pelican has a large bill Qandooli<br />
kaxxa damum le 2 v.tr magoytà abe They will bill me<br />
for this Ahim magoyta yol abelon<br />
billet [bIlIt] n obtì qari The government provides billets for<br />
soldiers away from camp Qaskar gasok kalihi-ikke gexxa<br />
waqdi doolat obti qari keenih tacee
illy-goat [bI~li-got] 1 n dabeèla A castrated billy-goat<br />
gets very fat Sangisen dabeeli kaxxa gabul baaha 2 also<br />
buck-goat<br />
bi-monthly [bA~I-mønTlI] adj tirfìq ayyaamih We make bimonthly<br />
payments to them Nanu tirfiq ayyaamih lakqo<br />
keenih nace<br />
bin [bI~n] n caffì kafaq (kafàqa) Throw this rubbish in the<br />
bin! A guddaafa caffi kafaqat qid!<br />
bind [bA~Ind] 1 v.tr 1 boòr malmaale The doctor bound<br />
the wound well Daktoor dalel boor nagay malmaale 2 oxe<br />
They bound the palm leaves together Oson qunga tittat<br />
yoxen 2 n calway (calwàya) That’s a bit of a bind Woh<br />
isi-ikkeh calwayak tanih tan<br />
bind up [bA~Ind øp] v.tr karìqqa-hee The thieves bound up<br />
the family head Garaaqa buxah abba karìqqa-hayte<br />
binoculars [bInÅ~kjul´z] n.pl naadur (naaduùru) You can see<br />
far off with binoculars Naaduurul xeeri-ikke tablu dudda<br />
biography [bAIyÅ~gr´fI] n manòh aydaad His biography is<br />
very entertaining Kay manoh aydaad kaxxa maqalmiqit /<br />
wahanis le<br />
biology [bAIyÅ~l´dZi] n roòci leemih misso / bayologi One<br />
who wants to be a doctor must study biology Daktoor<br />
yakkem faxa num rooci leemih misso / bayologi baritaama<br />
biped [bA~IpEd] n nammà-iba le One selects the mother for<br />
bipeds but the sire for quadrupeds Namma-iba lek ina<br />
dooraanah, affara-iba lek moynob dooran (<strong>Afar</strong> proverb)<br />
bird [b‰~d] n haadàytu; kimbiro The crow is one of the big<br />
birds Kuraani haadayak tiyak teyna Small birds lay their<br />
eggs in nests in trees Kimbir caxah amot le kimbiroqaril<br />
naala xala<br />
bird of prey [b‰~d ´v pre] n gàli le ala A bird of prey kills<br />
and eats small animals Gali le ali qunxa allluwwa qawah,<br />
yakme<br />
birth [b‰~T] n ubka What day did his birth take place? Kay<br />
ubka maa saaku tekke?<br />
birth, giving [gIvIN b‰~T] n xalay (xalàya) Giving birth is<br />
best done with a midwife in attendance Xalay ullatina garil<br />
yakkem aysuk raqta<br />
birthplace [b‰~Tples] n ellè yooboke baaxo No one ever<br />
forgets his birthplace Num elle yooboke baaxo inkinnah<br />
mahabbaala / mahawweena<br />
birth, high [hA~I b‰~T] expres. nasàb baxa He is of high<br />
birth Usuk nasab baxa<br />
birthday [b‰~Tde] n ubkàh ayro All Christians rejoice at the<br />
celebration of the birthday of Jesus Yaasus ubkah ayro<br />
baadal tan Koros inkih wallitak tassakaxxe<br />
biscuit [bI~skIt] n buskut (buskùtu) Small children like<br />
biscuits a lot Qunxa urri buskut nabam kicina<br />
bit [bI~t] n 1 qunxu-ikke Give me a bit of that bread! Woo<br />
furuntuk qunxu-ikke yoh acuy! 2 lugam (lugaàma) A<br />
horse with a bit in its mouth can be led anywhere Lugaamat<br />
29<br />
tan faras elle bennaan qaxal gexxa<br />
bit by bit [bI~t bAI bIt] adv maaqattà maaqattal I will gain<br />
the educational standard I want bit by bit Anu barittok faxa<br />
caddo maaqatta maaqattal gufeyyo<br />
bitch [bI~tS] n kuta; gadma The bitch in our house gave birth<br />
to five pups Ni buxal tan kuta xaylok konoy xalte A<br />
jackal’s female pup is called a bitch Wakri baxa gadma<br />
deqsitta<br />
bite [bA~It] 1 n makum (makùmu) A snake bite can kill<br />
Baaxot ali makum qidam duudah 2 v.tr ...-t are, okme <br />
The boy bit the man’s finger on purpose Awki gorcih<br />
numuk feerat are I bit my tongue by mistake Garcik<br />
arraabat innik are It is said that a man who has been<br />
bitten by a camel is left without strength Rakub yokme num<br />
maqar luk maraaqa iyyaana<br />
bite to eat [bA~It tU it] phr cimiima, kidfonta Give me a<br />
bite to eat! Cimiima / Kidfonta yoh acuy!<br />
bitter [bI~t´] adj qeerò le The leaves of the alayto tree are<br />
very bitter Alaytoh ayyuufi umannah qeero le Bitter<br />
speaking gives no pleasure to the hearer Qeero le yab<br />
yaabbe marah rufto mayaca<br />
bitterness [bI~t´n´s] n qeero Because of his anger he<br />
speaks with bitterness Usuk yemneeqebeemih sabbatah<br />
qeero le yaabat yaaba<br />
bizarre [bIzA~] adj àfdur mali / afèyta màli His behaviour is<br />
bizarre Kay gexsit afdur mali / afeyta mali<br />
black [blœk] 1 adj data My uncle’s car is black Yi<br />
qammih baabur datah 2 n dìti I like black Anu diti<br />
kiciyyo<br />
blacken [blœ~k´n] v.tr 1 dattoyse Today clouds have<br />
blackened the sky A saaku qamburre qaran dattosse 2<br />
bayise Lies blackened his name Dirab migaq kaak bayise<br />
blackness [blœ~kn´s] n dìti He has his father’s blackness<br />
Usuk isi abbah diti le<br />
blackboard [blœ~kbOd] n datluc (datluùcu) / sabbuura <br />
Whiteboards not blackboards are used in schools now<br />
Axayyu iskoolal datluucit / sabbuurit aftoh qadluucit lon<br />
blacksmith [blœ~ksmIT] n kuuryaagùri The blacksmith<br />
forges very good knives Kuuryaaguri nabam meqe gileela<br />
yaysorooroce<br />
bladder [blœ~d´] n caysossi Urine comes from the bladder<br />
Cayso / Data daaco caysossik tamaate<br />
blade [ble~d] n gilèh af (àfa) The blade needs sharpening<br />
Gileh af samlisaanam faxa<br />
blame [ble~m] 1 v.tr bayite He blamed his brother for his<br />
own mistake Usuk isih abeh yen qellatah isi toobokoyta<br />
bayite 2 n bàyu They laid no blame on him Bayu kaat<br />
maabinnon<br />
blame on, pin the [pin D´ ble~m on] idiom v.tr ...-t bàyu cabe<br />
They tried to pin the blame on me for the accident Tekke<br />
qawwalaylah bayu yot cabaanam faxen<br />
B
B<br />
blameless [ble~ml´s] adj bàyu màli This man is blameless<br />
A num bayu mali<br />
blank [blœ~Nk] 1 n baxxo Leave a blank between words!<br />
Qangor fanat baxxo cab! 2 adj foyya When they<br />
developed his photographs they were blank Usuk hee<br />
taswiir kaqlisen waqdi foyyak suge<br />
blank, go idiom v.intr ...-k eerre When the teacher asked<br />
me a question, my mind had gone blank Kabir essero yol<br />
essere waqdi kas yok yeerreh suge<br />
blanket [blœ~NkIt] n guula / kobborta It is impossible to sleep<br />
without a blanket when it is cold Wacti uddur guula /<br />
kobborta malih xiinaanam matakka We shared a blanket<br />
against the cold Waacak kobborta gamisne<br />
blaspheme [blœsfi~m] v.tr xagite Don’t blaspheme God!<br />
Yalla maxagitin!<br />
blasphemy [blœ~sf´mi] n qayto / xàgit (xàgiti) We don’t<br />
want to hear your blasphemy! Atu Yallat abta qayto / xagit<br />
naabbem mafanxa!<br />
blast [blA~st] 1 n qàwit (qàwiti) The blast caused a huge<br />
amount of debris Yekke qawit mango bulle cabe 2 v.intr<br />
qawite The enemy guns blasted away all night Qaduwwi<br />
gira gidiidin bar qawitte 3 v.tr iggile The government’s<br />
refusal blasted my hopes Doolat abte cina niya yok tiggile<br />
blaze [ble~z] 1 v.intr habuubugute / handeede When that<br />
house was on fire it blazed furiously Woo qarit gira gexxe<br />
waqdi kaxxam habuubugutte / handedde 2 n habuubugo /<br />
hànded (hàndedi) Firemen put out the blaze Giraxxeero<br />
habuubugo / handed bargusseh<br />
bleach [bli~tS] 1 v.tr qadoyse The sun bleached his hair<br />
Ayro xagor kaak qaddosseh 2 n barakiina They whiten<br />
their clothes in bleach Ken sara barakiinat qaddoysan<br />
bleat [bli~t] v.intr bàq-exce When it needs its mother a lamb<br />
bleats Anaqti isi-inah waytih bàq-iyya<br />
bleed [bli~d] v.intr qabale The cut I got from the knife bled<br />
profusely Gile yok tirgiqe-ikke nabam yok qabalte; The<br />
scrape on my hand only bled superficially Gabak yok<br />
musuqutte-ikke dagom qabalte<br />
blemish [blE~mIS] n ayma / wara The place on my lip where<br />
it was bitten by the boy has left a blemish Awki soktot yok<br />
edde are-ikke ayma / wara luk raqte; That new cloth had a<br />
blemish Woo qusba saro ayma luk sugte<br />
blend [blE~nd] 1 v.tr loke She blended the cake ingredients<br />
smoothly together Is keekit haan maaqo tittat nagay lokte 2<br />
n asgòlla I like this blend of coffee Anu a bunih asgolla<br />
raabitah<br />
bless [blE~s] v.tr ebeereke; barkàt ...-t hee The father blessed<br />
his children Abba isi xaylo yebeereke God has blessed<br />
me Yalli barkat yot hee<br />
bless you! [blE~s yu] Interj islic! / Yallih racmatta kol obtay!<br />
They said “Bless you!” when I sneezed Anu sanite waqdi<br />
“Islic!” yok iyyen / Anu sanite waqdi “Yallih racmatta kol<br />
30<br />
obtay!” yok iyyen<br />
blessing [blE~sIN] n barkat (barkàta) May God give you<br />
His blessing! Yalli isi barkat kol oobisay!<br />
blight [blA~It] 1 n orongoòba That tree has a blight Woo<br />
caxa orongooba le 2 v.tr eyleyye Don’t blight my<br />
hopes! Liyo niya yok maylayyin!<br />
blind [blA~Ind] adj inti màli / intìk barrite My father is blind<br />
Yi-abba inti màli / intik barriteh<br />
blindly [blA~Indli] adv badìtit; qamàyah; cedè kalah The<br />
boy followed his friend blindly Awki isi kataysa baditit<br />
kataye; The boy ran blindly from the burning house Awki<br />
qarit gexxa girak qamayah kude; Don’t go into that business<br />
blindly! Woo badaaqatat cede kalah maculin!<br />
blind person [blA~Ind p‰s´n] n intimàli The blind man<br />
nearly fell into a hole Intimali boodot rade xaaxe / raare<br />
blind spot [blA~Ind spÅt] n 1 (idiom) boola I have a blind<br />
spot in maths Anu cisaabal boola liyo 2 intik qellu That<br />
car passed me on my blind spot Woo baabur yok intik qellu<br />
le-ikke gace<br />
blindness [blA~Indn´s] n intiwayto Where did her<br />
blindness come from? Tet intiwayto macak tibbixe?<br />
blindfold [blA~Indfold] v.tr intìl saro ...-k hee He<br />
blindfolded him for the game Usuk digiruh intil saro kaak<br />
hee<br />
blink [blI~Nk] v.intr baràc-exce Because of the dust getting<br />
into my eyes, I blinked Fulle intit yok raddeemih sabbatah<br />
inti baràc yok inte<br />
blinkers [blI~Nk´z] n.pl selatqèllis (selatqèllisi) Blinkers<br />
are put on horses to make them look ahead only Selatqellis<br />
faras selaatil akah haanam qarsa fanah dibuk tablem-gidih<br />
blinkered [blI~Nk´d] adj qèltu le Politicians have a<br />
blinkered approach to suggestions made to them Siyaasa<br />
mari keenil xayyoosen esserol qeltu le tummabul le<br />
blister [blI~st´] 1 n albo I have a blister where I was burnt<br />
Gira yok tokme-ikke albo yok bahte 2 v.intr albite The<br />
burn on my finger has blistered Feeral liyo cararow yok<br />
albite<br />
blithe [blA~ID] adj maqàl màli A man with no responsibility<br />
can be blithe Fillal tu akak ane wayta num maqal mali yakke<br />
bloated [blo~tId] 1 adj caffuye The drowned goat’s body<br />
was bloated Lee beyte reyta caffuyte 2 v.intr qarbite /<br />
qadidde I feel bloated with food Anu maaqot qarbita /<br />
qadidda<br />
block [blÅ~k] 1 v.tr alife / medmede; hoore / karawwade A<br />
fallen tree blocked the road Radde caxa gita alifte /<br />
medmedde Dirt in the pipe blocked the water Bombah<br />
addat yan wasak lee hooreh / karawwadeh 2 n gundi <br />
Bring me a block of wood! Gurumuddak gundi yoh bah! <br />
orèn xaa I need a block of stone Anu xeetik oren xaa faxah<br />
blockade [blÅke~d] n awqekàla / culekàla The soldiers put<br />
up a blockade at the entrance to the town Qaskar magaalah<br />
culmal awqekalat / culekalat hayte
lockage [blÅ~kIdZ] n karàwwad (karàwwada) There is a<br />
blockage in the vein Ramadal karawwad yan<br />
blood [blø~d] n qabàla We will shed our blood for our<br />
country Ninni baaxol qabala caxenno<br />
blood feud [blø~d fjud] n biìlu There is a blood feud<br />
between two clans in that country Woo baaxol namma<br />
xaala fanat biili yan<br />
blood relationship [blø~d rIle~SnSIp] n qablì ramaddiinu <br />
They have a blood relationship Oson qabli ramaddiinu lon<br />
bloodshed [blø~dSEd] n qabalicàyxi We don’t want any<br />
more bloodshed Nanu tahak widirih qabalicayxi mafanxa<br />
blood vessel [blø~d vEsl¢] qabalì ramad (ramàda) Blood is<br />
carried throughout the body by blood vessels Qabali xagar<br />
addat edde gexam qabali ramooda<br />
bloom [blu~m] 1 n birro After rain the field was covered<br />
with bloom Robti lakal woo booxa birrot buulumte 2 v.intr<br />
birrite These flowers bloom ever year A birro kulli sanat<br />
birritta<br />
blossom [blÅ~s´m] 1 n qobor (qoboòru) That tree has<br />
beautiful blossom Woo caxa qaxmeqe qobor le 2 v.intr<br />
qoboore Trees usually blossom in Spring Dabaabal xeflih<br />
coox qoboora<br />
blot [blÅ~t] n midàd xarba Who made a blot on this paper?<br />
A warkatal midad xarba cabtem iyyay?<br />
blot one’s copybook idiom migàq isik xarraboyse It is<br />
wrong to blot one’s copybook! Num migaq isik xarraboysam<br />
mameqe<br />
blot out [blÅ~t AUt] v.tr.colloc duuge They blotted out my<br />
name from their book Oson yi migaq ken buukuk duugeenih<br />
blouse [blA~Uz] n kurta / samiid (samiìdi) That woman<br />
always wears a beautiful blouse Woo barra kulli saaku<br />
qaxmeqe kurta / samiid haysitta<br />
blow [blo] 1 v.tr fùf-hee When the fire wouldn’t light I<br />
blew it into life Gira yoh ureh cinte waqdi fùf-haak tet uruse<br />
2 v.intr rade A strong wind was blowing yesterday<br />
Kimal kaxxa caacay radak ase 3 n bòod (bòodu) / atka /<br />
diiso The girl suffered a nasty blow on her cheek when<br />
she fell Awkà elle tinnikisse-ikkel xebesit uma bood teetik<br />
yekke; He gave him a blow on the head Usuk amot atka /<br />
diiso kaak abe 4 fig niyaddìglo Their decision was a<br />
blow to him Ken garuq niyaddiglo kaal tekke<br />
blow down [blo~ dAUn] v.tr.colloc ufùyut bee The wind<br />
blew our tent down Caacay siraq qari nek ufuyut bee<br />
blow over [blo~ ov´] v.intr.prep bade / rabe Their quarrel<br />
will soon blow over Ken daqwat xayuk badele / rabele<br />
blow up [blo~ øp] 1 v.tr.prep ufuyse The boy blew up<br />
the balloon Awki isi ufuffa ufuyse bombat bayise <br />
Soldiers blew up the enemy tank Macaxi qaduwwi<br />
dabbaaba bombat bayise 2 v.intr oogore A storm is<br />
blowing up Caacay le rob aagurele<br />
blowfly [blo~flAI] n ugùbta The blowfly hovers over faeces<br />
Ugubti caari-amol haadah<br />
31<br />
blue [blu] 1 adj kuclin; bulcin Bring me a blue dress!<br />
Kuclin kamis yoh bah!; Some Europeans have blue eyes<br />
Irobba narak tu bulcin inti le 2 n kuclinan (kuclinaàna) <br />
Blue is the colour I like best Kuclinan anu akah lafita bisu<br />
blue, become [bIkø~m blu] v.intr kuclinoowe When washed<br />
together with a blue cloth the white one became blue Qado<br />
saro kuclin saro lih kaqlisan waqdi kuclinowteh<br />
blue in the face. go v.intr.phr laclaacit le macal I nearly<br />
went blue in the face correcting him from error Qellatak kaa<br />
gacisam laclaacit le macal yol akke xaaxe<br />
blunder [blø~nd´] n qèllat (qèllata) Because I made a small<br />
blunder they gave me a warning Dago qellat abeemih<br />
sabbatah maabitina yoh yeceen<br />
blunder into [blø~nd´r I~ntu] 1 v.intr gàrcik ...-t boode <br />
He blundered into me Usuk garcik yot boode 2 fig gàrcik<br />
...-t obsite We blundered into their discussion Nanu ken<br />
agaaradat garcik obsitne<br />
blunt [blø~nt] 1 adj àf male I got tired of sharpening the<br />
blunt knife Af sinni gileh arbaqot taqabe 2 fig qadò-ufuy<br />
[qadoòfuy] le, kafìn yab le A blunt person hates sham<br />
Qadoofuy le / Kafin yab le num celsis niqbah<br />
bluntly [blø~ntli] adv qadò-ufuyut He doesn’t keep what<br />
he hears to himself, but speaks out bluntly Usuk yoobbem<br />
mayaaquray, qado-ufuyut yaaba<br />
blur [bl‰] 1 n beleyya I saw a blur in the distance Xeriikkel<br />
taniimik beleyya uble 2 v.tr ...-k awaywayise The<br />
cataract blurred my sight Intibulci mabul yok awaywayise<br />
blush [blø~S] v.intr foocì qassoowe She blushed out of<br />
shyness Wacarriyek gexxaamah fooci teetik qassoowe<br />
board [bO~d] 1 n luucat (luucàta) They put a board over<br />
the hole Oson luucat boodoh amol heen saqolti The<br />
school board advised the teachers Iskoola saqolti kabirwah<br />
fayu tece) xintàk makmokmàaqabo I paid 1,000 francs a<br />
day for my board Anu xintak makmokmaaqaboh kulli saaku<br />
alfi faranka acayuk suge 2 v.tr 1 safarfèrta abe What<br />
time will he board the ship? Usuk markabat safarferta maa<br />
saaqatah abeleh? 2 galdaddaqìn luucut alife I boarded up<br />
the hole in the house Galdaddaqin luucut qari booha alife<br />
boast [bo~st] 1 v.intr hidà le, hobbiyò le That man boasts a<br />
lot Woo num kaxxa hida le / hobbiyo le 2 n hiddoot<br />
(hiddoòtu) It was his boast that he never told a lie Kay<br />
hiddoot usuk dirab inkinnah ace waamah<br />
boat [bo~t] n doonik (doonìki) They went by boat to<br />
Tadjourah Oson Tagorri fan doonikit safaren<br />
boatman [bo~tm´n] n bacriyàytu Where the boat goes the<br />
boatman goes with it Bacriyayti doonik gexennaani-ikke<br />
doonikit gexa<br />
bobbin [bÅ~bIn] n erqicàxxa, tufùl marmarisso Bring me a<br />
(cotton) bobbin! Erqicaxxa / Tuful marmarisso yol bah!<br />
body [bÅ~di] n 1 xagar (xagàra) Sport makes the body<br />
strong Xagardig xagar maqar bahsiisa 2 màsu Mother<br />
B
B<br />
makes soup with body to it Yi-ina masu le sorba alassa 3<br />
num (nùmu) In such circumstances, a body doesn’t know<br />
what to do Wonnah yan caalatal num abam isik mayaaxiga<br />
4 egla The rebels formed a body in opposition to the<br />
government Xukkocina doolatak saduh egla xisse<br />
bodyguard [bÅ~digAd] n amò dacrise / amoddàcroyta <br />
Bodyguards never leave the President by himself Amo<br />
dacrisa / Amoddacroytit Ummuunoh Abba dibuk macabta<br />
bog [bÅ~g] n suùbi There are no bogs in the countryside<br />
Barril suubi mali<br />
bog down [bÅ~g dAUn] 1 phr.v.tr kobbite The car got<br />
bogged down in the mud Baabur suxqit kobbitte 2 fig<br />
kaxkaxàh ene / debrime He is bogged down with work<br />
Usuk taamat kaxkaxah yan / debrimeh<br />
bogus [bo~g´s] adj cèlsis He produced bogus papers Usuk<br />
celsis waraakit xayyoose<br />
boil 1 [bO~Il] 1 v.intr face Is the water boiling? Lee maay<br />
facta? 2 v.tr facise I boiled water for tea Anu saahih lee<br />
facise<br />
boiler [bO~Il´] n lèellaqseyna Our central heating boiler<br />
broke down, so we called in the plumber Buxa huurisa<br />
leellaqseyni nek yiddigilleh, wohuh lee bombah naggaar<br />
bahne<br />
boil with anger [bO~Il wID œ~ng´] phr.v.intr.idiom nàqbuh<br />
mirriime She boiled with anger because of the wrong<br />
done to her Umam teetil baaheenimih sabbatah naqbuh<br />
mirrimte<br />
boil 2 [bO~Il] n dombàltu A boil is very painful Dombalti<br />
kaxxa biyak le<br />
bold [bo~ld] adj dambàr le My son is bold Yi baxi dambar le;<br />
He is bold enough to face great danger Usuk kaxxa katar<br />
leemit garayuh dambar dudda akah le<br />
boldness [bo~ld¢n´s] n dambar (dambàra) He speaks with<br />
boldness about whatever he likes Usuk isi faxaamat dambar<br />
luk yaaba<br />
bolt 1 [bo~lt] 1 v.intr gilite A horse bolts when it comes to a<br />
place where it has been startled Faras duma elle wiriggitteikke<br />
gufta waqdi gilittah 2 v.tr suxuuxuke The boy<br />
bolted his food Awki maaqo suxuuxukak yokme<br />
bolt 2 [bo~lt] 1 n sakkaati Make sure the bolt is properly<br />
engaged! Sakkaati nagay culussemke arcis! 2 v.tr sakkaatì<br />
hayise Bolt the door! Afat sakkaati hayis!<br />
bomb [bÅ~m] 1 n bombi / kumbula They hit the house with<br />
a bomb Qarit bombi / kumbula heen 2 v.tr bombi qide <br />
Invaders bombed the main road Warare mari kaxxa gital<br />
bombi qide<br />
bond [bÅ~nd] n fantaàxaw (fantaàxawa) A bond has been<br />
forged between them Fantaaxaw ken fanat yekke<br />
bone [bo~n] 1 n lafa A cow’s bones are stronger than a<br />
goat’s Laahi lafa maqarah wadar lafak tagibdiye 2 v.tr<br />
lafoofise Bone the chicken for me please! Dorrahiyta yoh<br />
32<br />
lafoofisey, ku maganak!<br />
bony [bo~ni] adj lafoofi She is bony Is lafoofi<br />
bonny [bÅ~ni] adj mulkuqe That baby is bonny Woo saldi<br />
mulkuqeh<br />
bonus [bo~n´s] n 1 faatallàkqo They gave her a bonus at the<br />
place where she worked Is elle taamitak sugte-ikkel<br />
faatallakqo teetih yeexegen 2 kulsafàyda Meeting you<br />
here is a bonus Akkel kot akah angoorowem kulsafayda<br />
book [bUk] n buuk (buùku) He bought a book to read Usuk<br />
buuk yakriyuh xaame<br />
bookkeeper [bUkip´] n buukmissoyse Trained<br />
bookkeepers are hard to come by Abnibaritto le<br />
buukmissoysit geyim dago<br />
bookshop [bUkSÅp] n buukdokkàan (buukdokkàana) The<br />
best bookshop in town is on the main street Fula le<br />
buukdokkaan kulsa le saariqil geytima<br />
boom [bu~m] 1 n 1 kuxubba Did you hear the boom of the<br />
cannon? Woo madfaqih kuxubba maay toobbe? 2 tarmaan<br />
(tarmaàna) The boom on a boat swings Doonik tarmaan<br />
lagàq-iyya 3 sasan (sasàna) There was a boom in business<br />
in our port this year A sanat ni boorul badaaqat sasan baahe<br />
2 v.intr sasane Business booms in his hands Kay gabat<br />
badaaqat sasanah<br />
boot [but] n kabella Soldier’s boots are very heavy Qaskar<br />
kabel kaxxa qilsa le<br />
booty [bu~ti] n bòyla / dannaba; rado The invaders took<br />
many animals as booty from us Nee warari mari boylah /<br />
dannabah mango saq nek orbise; They took booty from the<br />
people they surprised Oson garcit yibbixen marat rado aben<br />
border [bO~d´] 1 n 1 càydu At the border between<br />
Ethiopia and Djibouti there are high hills Yabuuti kee<br />
Itiyobbiya fanih caydul kaxxa koomaami tan 2 af (àfa) / exxa<br />
Clay was plastered on the border of my cloth Sarok af /<br />
exxa kalla yok xagteh sugte 2 v.tr xàqul ene Houses<br />
which border the river have a good view Weeqayti xaqul<br />
tan qarwa mablammaqaane le<br />
bore [bO~´] 1 v.tr 1 boohayise He bored a hole in the wall<br />
to put a nail in Usuk bismaar edde haam-gidih gidaar<br />
boohayiseh 2 naqadise, nakurise The leader’s speech<br />
bored me Mirac xayyoose maxco yoo naqadisseh /<br />
nakurisseh 2 n naqadiseèna That man is an awful bore<br />
Woo num kaxxa naqadiseena<br />
boring [bO~rIN] adj naqàd le / nakùri le His talk is boring<br />
Kay yab naqad le / nakuri le<br />
borehole [bO~rhol] n birtìqèela The men sunk a borehole<br />
for water Labha leeh birtiqeela dagte<br />
borrow [bÅ~ro] v.tr abuùduh, gàcsah, likaàcih, magòh bee I<br />
returned the money I borrowed from the shopkeeper Anu<br />
dokkaan numuk abuuduh beeh / gacsah beeh / likaacih beeh<br />
/ magoh beeh suge lakqo gaciseh
osom [bU~z´m] n nahar (nahàra) She is a woman with a big<br />
bosom Is nahar naba barra<br />
boss [bÅ~s] n taamassàqal (taamassàqala) The new boss they<br />
brought stopped the work being done before<br />
Taamassaqalah qusbih heen num duma abak sugen taama<br />
sooliseh<br />
boss around [bÅ~s ´rA~Und] phr.v.tr ìsi afiitot hee Don’t<br />
boss me around Isi afiitot yoo mahan!<br />
both [bo~T] adv nammàyak inkih; nammày inkih Both<br />
Ahmed and Musa work well Camad kee Muusa nammayak<br />
inkih nagay taamitta Both of them learn well Ken<br />
nammay inkih baritto nagay beyan<br />
bother [bÅ~D´] 1 v.tr oskoyyobise / gandise He bothered<br />
people in that place Usuk woo aracal sinam oskoyyobiseh /<br />
Usuk woo aracal sinam gandiseh 2 v.intr gandite Don’t<br />
bother about my coming! Yi mamaatah maganditin! 3 n<br />
taqabi They always create a lot of bother Oson kulli<br />
waqdi mango taqabi ugusan<br />
bottle [bÅ~tl¢] n karaarat (karaaràta) Bring me an empty<br />
bottle! Foyyah yan karaarat yol bah!<br />
bottle, baby’s [be~biz bÅ~tl¢] n massaasa The baby’s bottle<br />
must be washed in boiling water Massaasa facte leet<br />
kaqlisaanam faxximta<br />
bottom [bÅ~t´m] 1 n 1 buxux (buxùxu) The bottom of this<br />
trunk has holes in it A birti sanduguk buxux xoggag le 2<br />
komma There’s a tin at the bottom of the well Qeelak<br />
kommal kasqat yanih yan 3 kamus (kamuùsu) He fell on<br />
his bottom Usuk kamuusuh rade 2 adj gubi The bottom<br />
stair is broken Gubi ibobsi diglo le<br />
boulevard [bu~l´vAd] n fidnìn gita We live on a long<br />
boulevard Nanu dabqih xer fidnin gital nan<br />
bounce [bA~Uns] 1 n bòod (bòodu) The boy has a ball with<br />
a good bounce Awki bood meqe koqso le 2 v.tr falise <br />
He bounced his son up and down Usuk isi baxa falise<br />
bounce back [bA~Uns bœk] 1 v.intr boodeh uduure The<br />
ball hit against the wall and bounced back Koqso gidaarat<br />
tumuttukeh, booddeh tuduure 2 fig amò fàyya-hee <br />
Children bounce back quickly from sickness Urri lakimak<br />
xayuk akah amo fàyya-haa<br />
bound 1 [bA~Und] 1 v.intr xobbaqe The camel bounds along<br />
Rakub xobbaqak gexa 2 n kàqu He crossed the gap in<br />
one bound Usuk baxxok inki kaqul tabe<br />
bound 2 [bA~Und] adj (+infin.comp) asmàt le He is bound to<br />
come Yamaatem asmat le<br />
bound 3 [bA~Und] n mohoodo True love knows no bounds<br />
Numma le kacani mohoodo mali<br />
bounds, out of [AUt ´v bA~Undz] idiom dessò le arac (aràca) <br />
There are many places out of bounds in Ethiopia<br />
Itiyobbiyah addal desso le arooca mangoh<br />
boundless [bA~Undl´s] adj caddò mali That boy has<br />
boundless energy Woo awki caddo sinni ataale le<br />
33<br />
boundary [bA~Und´ri] n cudud (cuduùdu) We built a wall at<br />
the boundary of his garden and mine Kay bustaan kee yi<br />
bustaanih cuduudul gidaar xisne<br />
bounty [bA~Unti] n gune His bounty knows no bounds Kay<br />
gune caddo mali<br />
bow 1 [bA~U] v.intr faxè waak rammite The boy bowed to his<br />
uncle’s wishes Awki isi qammih fayxih faxe waak rammite<br />
bow (down) [bA~U dAUn] v.intr amò addàh hee / amò ràmmahee<br />
They bowed down before the king Oson malik foocal<br />
amo addah heen / amo ràmma-heen<br />
bow 2 [bA~U] n fìlla The captain stood at the bow of the ship<br />
Naakuda markab fillal soole<br />
bow 3 [bo] n gesse They fought with bow and arrow Oson<br />
qeebi gesse kee gessebbaxat aben<br />
bow-legged [bo~lEgId] adj golbà le Because he is bowlegged<br />
he walks badly Usuk golba leemih sabbatah gexo<br />
kaak qaxuma<br />
bowel [bA~Ul] n xàrru, uluùqa Everyone has bowels Kulli<br />
num xarru kee uluuqa le<br />
bowl 1 [bo~l] n koora; mateeba; qamur (qamùru); mingil<br />
(mingìli) They put the porridge in a bowl and brought it<br />
to us Laqso kooral heenih, neh baahen We want a bowl to<br />
wash our hands in Gabakaqalsoh mateeba fanxa Camel’s<br />
milk is milked into a grass bowl Gaali can qamurul<br />
yaxiggilen Rice was put into a bowl and brought to me<br />
Ruddi mingilil heenih, yoh baahen<br />
bowl 2 [bo~l] n buul (buùlu) Men stay late at night playing<br />
bowls Labha buul digiril bar qawwowtah<br />
box [bÅ~ks] 1 n sandug (sandùgu) I have a box full of new<br />
clothes Qusba sarak sandug kibuk liyo 2 v.tr sandùgut<br />
hayise Box all those books! Woo buukaat inkih sandugut<br />
hayis!<br />
box in [bÅks I~n] v.tr angayekàlat maraasiye The car was<br />
boxed in Baabur angayekalat maraasimte<br />
box sb’s ears [bÅ~ks sømb´dIz i´z] v.tr xàagat ...-k hayise <br />
Box his ears if he disobeys! Usuk rammite wayti baahek,<br />
xaagat kaak hayis!<br />
boxer [bÅ~ks´] n kummuuqùs qeebeena Mohammed Ali is<br />
a champion boxer Macammad Qali celeemannu le<br />
kummuuqus qeebeena<br />
boxing [bÅ~ksIN] n gummaadì qeebi He triumphed in<br />
boxing Gummaadi qeebil usuk iysa beete<br />
boy [bO~I] n àwka That boy has a nice way with him Woo<br />
awki gexsit maqaane le<br />
boycott [bO~IkÅt] v.tr ...-k iggiriqe We boycotted the elections<br />
Doorok niggiriqe<br />
bracelet [bre~sl´t] n 1 sookòyta He wears a beautiful<br />
bracelet Usuk qaxmeqe sookoyta le 2 cakòlta She wears<br />
a beautiful bracelet on her arm Is qaxmeqe cakolta gabat le<br />
3 bìrta Some men wear wrist bracelets Labhak baali<br />
B
B<br />
magoy birta le 4 calli All the bracelets on the bride’s arm<br />
were of gold Qibna gabal luk ten calli inkih dahaba<br />
bracket [brœ~kIt] n 1 galum (galùmu) Some of the words<br />
were written in brackets Qangooruk tu galum addat<br />
tunkuttubeh ten 2 takreyna Hang the lamp on the<br />
bracket! Faanus takreynat takar!<br />
brag [brœ~g] v.intr faagàt le He brags about his exploits<br />
Usuk abe maqaddigiinot faagat le<br />
bragging [brœ~gIN] n faagat (faagàta), hida He is full of<br />
bragging Usuk kaxxa faagat / hida le<br />
braid [bre~d] 1 n basiyta <strong>Afar</strong> girls often wear a braid<br />
across the forehead Qafarak baxuw mangih basiyta haysita<br />
2 v.tr qaxe My mother braided my hair Yi-ina amo yoh<br />
qaxxe<br />
brain [bre~n] n misinkica He uses his brain Usuk misinkica<br />
tamsiisa He doesn’t have many brains Usuk misinkica<br />
boola le<br />
brainy [bre~ni] adj misinkicah The first-born boy was<br />
more brainy than him Narisso baxi kaak misinkicah aysuk<br />
yooboke<br />
brake [bre~k] 1 n fereen (fereèni) This car’s brakes are good<br />
A baabuurih fereen meqe 2 v.intr fereèn ibbixe I braked<br />
hard to prevent an accident Qawwalaylak catuh fereen<br />
gibduk ibbixeh<br />
branch [brA~ntS] 1 n 1 lùud (lùudu) That tree has good<br />
branches Woo caxa meqe luud le Flexible branches are<br />
good food for goats Ruqa le luud wadarah meqe maaqo 2<br />
fàrqi / lùdda This firm has a branch in Djibouti A kobbani<br />
Yabuutil farqi / ludda lon 2 v.intr.fig baxsime Turn left<br />
where the road branches ahead! Giti bisol elle baxsima-ikkel<br />
gurah makkim!<br />
branch out [brA~ntS AUt] phr.v.intr luuduse The successful<br />
businessman branched out Labhaytite kabxaabe kabxa<br />
luuduse<br />
brand [brœ~nd] 1 v.tr bèdu hee; bèdu le Farmers brand<br />
sheep to identify the owner Daharsitto mari illik wanna<br />
yaaxigoonuh bedu haa All our camels are branded against<br />
loss Ni gaali bayaamak inkih bedu le 2 n warsa They<br />
sell five brands of coffee in that shop Woo dokkaanal koona<br />
warsoosih buna limmoysan<br />
brass [brA~s] n nacaas (nacaàsa) We have a brass pan in our<br />
house Nanu buxal nacaasak bicisen buuti lino<br />
brave [bre~v] 1 adj agiirite We need to be brave when<br />
danger arises Katar lem tabbixe waqdi agiiritnam faxximta<br />
2 n agìru An American Indian warrior is called a brave<br />
Ameerikal Qasa Hindoh geedanti agiru deqsita<br />
bravery [bre~vri] n agiirànna He was given a medal for<br />
his bravery Kay agiirannih sumaaqah madaaliya kaah<br />
yeexegen<br />
brawl [brO~l] 1 n daawe Only street boys get mixed up in a<br />
street brawl Gitittel daawe lem dibuk difah yan urru 2<br />
34<br />
v.intr daawite That couple are always brawling Woo<br />
nammay gabaak tittat daawitan<br />
bray [bre~] 1 n hallo / haame The donkey’s bray kept me<br />
awake Woo dananih hallo / haame xin yoo waysisseh 2<br />
v.intr hallise / haamise The donkey was braying all night<br />
Danan gidiidin bar hallisak / haamisak xiine<br />
brazier [bre~Z´] n marakki A charcoal fire blazed in the<br />
brazier Facmi gira marakkit habuubugutte<br />
breach [bri~tS] 1 n bàxsa The disagreement caused a breach<br />
between them Ken fanat yekke tittinway ken fanih baxsat<br />
cabe 2 v.tr make He breached his contract Usuk abe<br />
tittingey makeh<br />
bread [brE~d] n gaqambo; gaqamboyta Bread is made from<br />
flour Gaqambo burrik aban Don’t take the bread out of<br />
their mouths! Gaqamboyta afak keenik madagin!<br />
breadth [brE~dT] 1 n bàgu / rakraka What is the breadth of<br />
the wadi? Daqar baguh / rakrakah maa gide yakke? 2 fig<br />
bàar (bàara) He has a breadth of knowledge Usuk baar le<br />
ixxiga le<br />
break [bre~k] 1 v.tr iggile My brother broke his finger<br />
playing ball Yi toobokoyti koqsol feera isik yiggile 2 v.intr<br />
iddigille When she fell over her leg broke Is tinnikisse<br />
waqdi ibi teetik yiddigilleh<br />
break in [brek In] 1 v.intr radò abe The thief broke in<br />
during the day Loqolloqo garaqli rado abe 2 v.tr qanaane<br />
It was hard to break that camel in Woo rakub qanaanam<br />
gibduk ten<br />
break off [brek Å~f] v.tr irgiqe, make They broke off their<br />
friendship Oson luk sugen kataysiino yirgiqeenih You<br />
broke off our appointment Atu xagana yol makte<br />
break out [brek AUt] v.tr esseeqe Many prisoners broke<br />
out of the prison last night Bir casbi marak mangom casbi<br />
qarik tesseeqeh<br />
break up [brek up] v.intr fixixe Our group has broken up<br />
Ni egla fixixxeh<br />
breakdown [bre~kdAUn] n 1 waqa There was a<br />
breakdown in their talks Abak sugen mablok waqat uguten<br />
2 margàaqit (margàaqiti) Bring me a breakdown of those<br />
figures by evening! Carri barak dumal woo ixximak<br />
margaaqit yol xayyos! 3 misinkicàk ecla Because of<br />
overwork my father suffered a breakdown Agxe kaak<br />
fulteemih sabbatah yi-abba misinkicak ecla baahe<br />
breaker [bre~k´] n kaxxà moogat (moogàta) The breakers<br />
rolled on the shore yesterday Kimal kaxxa moogat baddaafal<br />
korte<br />
breakfast [brE~kf´st] n qeerakalo / qùus (qùusu) / miìdi Did<br />
you eat breakfast this morning? A saaku qeerakalo / quus /<br />
miidi maay kalte?<br />
breast [brE~st] n qangu; kaquuna Her breasts are small Tet<br />
qangu qunxah The girl has small breasts Awkà kaquuna<br />
le
eastfeed [brE~stfid] v.tr qarise / eyseexe The lady is<br />
breastfeeding her baby Barra alqi qarissa / taysaaxe<br />
breath [brE~T] n nasam (nasàma) / ufuy (ufùyu) She took a<br />
deep breath Is nasam / ufuy nagay hirigte<br />
breath, out of [AU~t ´v brET] phr qoofe The runner was out<br />
of breath Yarde num qoofeh<br />
breathless [brE~Tl´s] adj giifise Following exertion she is<br />
breathless Is abte ardaklaafoh giifissah tan<br />
breathlessness [brE~Tl´sn´s] n giifo He suffered with<br />
much breathlessness Kaxxa giifo kaa tibbixe<br />
breathtaking [brE~TtekIN] adj hangàagis le A lovely place<br />
is breathtaking Qaxmeqe-ikke hangaagis le<br />
breathe [bri~D] v.intr nasàm gee / ufùy gee Fish cannot<br />
breathe out of water Kullumti leeh adda akke waytek nasam<br />
geyam / ufuy geyam maduuda<br />
breathe in [briD I~n] v.intr ufùy hirige Breathe in! Ufuy<br />
hirig!<br />
breathe out [briD A~Ut] v.intr ufùy ruube Breathe out!<br />
Ufuy rub!<br />
breed [bri~d] 1 n samad (samàda) He is of a good breed<br />
Usuk meqe samadak yan 2 v.tr eyderre That cattle<br />
farmer breeds good animals Woo laahih abba meqe laa<br />
yaydarre 3 v.intr xale Our goat breeds the best kids Ni<br />
reyta yayse mooy xalta<br />
breeze [bri~z] n walwal (walwàla) There is a nice breeze here<br />
Akkel meqe walwal yan<br />
breeze block [bri~z blÅk] n bolokèet (bolokèeti) / daadur<br />
(daaduùru) This house is built of breeze blocks A qari<br />
bolokeetik / daaduuruk xissiime<br />
bribe [brA~Ib] 1 n guqul (guqùlu) Do the police take bribes?<br />
Boliis guqul maay takme? 2 v.tr guqule / mangare Shall<br />
we bribe him? Kaa guqulno / mangarno?<br />
brick [brI~k] n kallabolok (kallaboloòku) More bricks are<br />
needed to finish building this wall A darbih xisoh salnuh<br />
ossimta kallabolookit faxxiima<br />
bride [brA~Id] n qibna The bride put on a beautiful dress<br />
Qibna qaxa le sarat gacte<br />
bridegroom [brAI~dgrum] n qarus (qaruùsu) The<br />
bridegroom married a cross-cousin Qarus isi absumal digibe<br />
bridesmaid [brAI~dzmed] n akutta / aliggeyta / qibnà<br />
maqanxa The bridesmaid was a fellow student of the<br />
bride Akutta / Aliggeyta / Qibna maqanxa qibnal luk baritak<br />
sugte darsaytok ten<br />
bride price [brA~Id prAIs] n alkum (alkùmu) The two sides<br />
agreed on the bride price Namma exxa inkih alkumul titta<br />
geyte<br />
bridge [brI~dZ] 1 n holhol (holhòlu) The Djibouti<br />
government wants to build a bridge over the wadi Yabuuti<br />
doolat daqaarak amol holhol xissam niyatta 2 v.tr eleelise<br />
She bridged the gap between them through hard work Is<br />
abte ardaklaafot ken fanat sugte baxxo eleelisse<br />
35<br />
bridle [brA~Idl¢] n ammùnta Put the bridle on the horse!<br />
Farasat ammunta hayis!<br />
brief [bri~f] 1 adj ux He made a brief speech Usuk ux<br />
yaabat yaabe 2 v.tr eysexeexege The leader briefed the<br />
team about tactics Merraacise dokon wale wagsiisak<br />
yeysexeexege<br />
bright [brA~It] 1 adj hadìgga-exce That light is bright Woo<br />
ifi hadìgga-iyya 2 fig xàyih rade He is a bright boy Usuk<br />
tut xayih rada awka<br />
brighten [brA~It´n] 1 v.tr muxxì ifise The large windows<br />
brighten the room Naba taagoota goli muxxi ifissa 2 v.intr<br />
dìifi gace Following rain, the day brightened Robti lakal<br />
loqo diifi gace<br />
brilliant [brI~ly´nt] 1 adj diìfu The light is too brilliant for<br />
me turn it down! Ifi naba diifu lek yoh daggos! 2 fig<br />
kulsà le He made a brilliant speech Usuk kulsa le yaabat<br />
yaabe<br />
brim [brI~m] n 1 af (àfa) / edbeno She brought me a cup<br />
filled to the brim with tea Is af / edbeno fanah saahik kibte<br />
fingaan yoh bahte 2 boor (boòru) His hat gives good<br />
shade because of its wide brim Kay kalabtah boor fidninan<br />
leemih sabbatah meqe silal le<br />
brimful [brI~mfUl] adj untuxxuqe They were brimful of<br />
joy Oson farcit yuntuxxuqen<br />
bring [brI~N] v.tr baahe Bring your book to me! Ku buuk yol<br />
bah! The drought brought great misery Qabar kaxxa<br />
babbo baahe<br />
bringing [brI~NIN] n bahti Bringing food is my<br />
responsibility Maaqo bahti yol tan<br />
bring back [brIN bœ~k] phr.v.tr gacise / eydebbe He<br />
always brings back things which have been lent to him<br />
Usuk gacsah kaal yeceen duyye uumman gacisa / yaydabbe<br />
bring off [brIN Åf] phr.v.tr aràcah baahe I am not sure I<br />
can bring off that deal Woo tittingey aracah baaham kee<br />
maaxiga<br />
bring round [brIN rAUnd] phr.v.tr 1 gacise Eventually<br />
they brought him round to their way of thinking Gexak<br />
yeneenik oson isinni tummabuluh kaa gaciseenih 2 hàwri /<br />
cìssi gacise When she fainted it took time to bring her<br />
round Is damaysittek lakal hawri / cissi teetil gacisaanam<br />
widdir faxxe<br />
bring up [brIN ø~p] phr.v.tr 1 .idiom eynebe My father is<br />
bringing up an orphan Yi-abba qayxixxu yaynabe 2<br />
xayyoose We wanted to bring that matter up at the<br />
meeting Nanu woo caagid daffeynal xayyosnam faxak nen 3<br />
gacise If the sea is rough some passengers bring up what<br />
they’ve eaten Bad moogat yembeggek safara marak tu<br />
yokmeenim gacissah<br />
brink [brI~Nk] n afaafa He stood on the brink of the cliff<br />
Usuk heerik afaafal soole<br />
Britain [brI~tn¢] n Biritaanya Britain is a little country<br />
Biritaanya qunxa baaxo<br />
B
B<br />
British [brI~tIS] adj Biritaanya The British countryside is<br />
beautiful Biritaanyak barri baaxo qaxmeqe<br />
brittle [brI~tl¢] adj 1 maqàr màli That glass is brittle Woo<br />
karaarat maqar mali 2 laqaade The old man has brittle<br />
bones Idalti laqadde lafof le 3 fig qaafiyàt màli Their<br />
friendship is brittle Ken kataysiino qaafiyat mali<br />
broad [brO~d] adj fidnine The gulf of Tadjourah is broad<br />
Tagorri baddih caraata fidninah<br />
broaden [brO~d´n] 1 v.tr 1 faràkka-hee The government<br />
broadened the asphalt road Doolat daamar gita faràkkahayte<br />
2 v.intr faràkka-exce The river broadens out<br />
further on Weeqayti bisoh faràkka-iyya 3 fig fidnaanise <br />
Learning will broaden your mind Baritto kas koh<br />
fidnaanisele<br />
broadcast [brO~dkAst] v.tr 1 tatruse / warise They<br />
broadcast that news on the radio Too xaagu raadiyol<br />
tatrusen / warisen 2 qide The farmer broadcasts seed at<br />
the right time Buqraabe dariyyu, le waktil qida<br />
broad shoulders [brO~d Sold´s] n.colloc xiiqi / masangale <br />
He has broad shoulders Usuk xiiqi / masangale le<br />
broadshouldered [brO~dSold‰d] adj qanxaffe naba A<br />
broadshouldered man came to me Qanxaffe naba num yol<br />
yemeete<br />
broke [bro~k] adj gabàt tumàli He’s always broke at the end<br />
of the week Kulli waqdi ayyaam illacabol usuk gabat tumali<br />
broken [bro~kn] adj iddigille; baluqe He has a broken leg<br />
Usuk yiddigille iba le Their relationship is broken Ken<br />
qalli yiddigilleh yen The dentist filled his broken tooth<br />
Moddin daktoor baluqte moddina kaah kibe<br />
bronchitis [brÅNkA~ItIs] n wactì biyak (biyaàka) Bronchitis is<br />
a sickness caused by cold weather Wacti biyak, xamcin<br />
hawak sinaamat rada dalka<br />
bronze [brÅ~nz] n gibdì nacaas (nacaàsa) Bronze is made<br />
from copper and tin Gibdi nacaas xamcin nacaas kee<br />
tanakak aban<br />
brood [bru~d] v.intr bàgul hammite / unduruure It doesn’t<br />
help to sit and brood Bagul hammittam / tanduruuram fayda<br />
mali<br />
broody [bru~di] adj cankafite That hen is broody Woo<br />
dorrahiyta cankafitteh tan<br />
broom [bru~m] 1 n fiyèyna Mother sweeps the floor with a<br />
broom Ni-ina baaxa fiyeynat fiyta 2 fig A new broom<br />
sweeps clean Qusba fiyeyni nagay fiya<br />
broth [brÅ~T] n fuùta We took broth to the sick man<br />
Biyaakita numuh fuuta beyne<br />
brother [brø~D´] n maqànxa; saqal (saqàla) My younger<br />
brother is cleverer than me Yi maqanxi kasah yok yayseh <br />
Who is your elder brother? Ku saqal iyyay?<br />
brotherhood [brø~D´hUd] n gooriyyo Our brotherhood is<br />
comprised of local people Ni gooriyyo baaxo maral xissimta<br />
brotherly [brU~D´lI] adj ahliinol / toobokiinol His was a<br />
36<br />
brotherly act Kay abto ahliinol / toobokiinol tekke<br />
brotherliness [brU~D´lIn´s] n ahliino / toobokiìnu There is<br />
lasting brotherliness between me and my friend Yoo kee yi<br />
kataysah fanat raage ahliino tan / toobokiini yan<br />
brother-in-law [brU~D´r In lO] n bàllu My brother-in-law’s<br />
home is with us Yi balli dabqih nel luk yan<br />
brow [brA~U] n 1 qarsa Why is his brow furrowed? Qarsa<br />
kaak ribo akah lem macay? 2 dirdir (dirdìri) We reached<br />
the brow of the hill Qalek dirdir gufne<br />
brown adj [brA~Un] burraacin He wears brown shoes Usuk<br />
burraacin kabella haysita<br />
bruise [bru~z] 1 n tumme What was that bruise on your<br />
arm caused by? Atu gabal lito tumme macak geyte? 2 v.tr<br />
marriidite; marriidise I bruised myself falling on that metal<br />
Anu woo birtat abe radimik gexxaamah marriiditeh Don’t<br />
bruise my sister! Yi maqanxa mamarriidisin! 3 v.intr<br />
tummaate My sister bruises easily Yi maqanxa xayuk<br />
tummatta 4 fig dananise His words bruised my heart<br />
Kay yab afqado yok dananise<br />
brush [brø~S] 1 n fiyèyna Hasana sweeps the floor with a<br />
brush Casna baaxa fiyeynat fiyta 2 v.tr 1 fiye She<br />
brushed the floor Is baaxa fiyte 2 qadayse It is necessary<br />
to brush one’s teeth after food Maaqok lakal af<br />
qadaysaanam faxximta<br />
brutal [bru~tl] adj qàngi ekke Don’t be brutal to someone<br />
smaller than yourself! Isik qunxa numul qangi makkin!<br />
brutality [brutœ~l´ti] n qangiino The soldier treated the<br />
woman with brutality Qaskariyti barral qangiinoh tanim<br />
baahe<br />
bubble [bø~bl¢] n goòmad (goòmada); qaafo Boiling water<br />
has bubbles Facta / Muxxa lee goomad le Very soapy<br />
water is full of bubbles Mango saabun edde heen lee naba<br />
qaafo bahta<br />
bucket [bø~kIt] n baalàdi; targa She brought water in a<br />
bucket Is lee baaladit bahte My sister draws water from<br />
the well in a leather bucket Yi maqanxa qeelak lee targat<br />
tayyaaqe<br />
buckle [bø~kl¢] 1 n lokko The buckle on my belt is broken<br />
Arumuk lokko yok tiddigille 2 v.tr lokkise He buckled his<br />
belt Usuk isi qarum lokkise<br />
bud [bø~d] 1 n quxxi / kumbux (kumbùxu) That tree has<br />
buds on it Woo caxa quxxi / kumbux bahte 2 v.intr quxxi /<br />
kumbux baahe The cold weather caused trees to bud late<br />
this year A sanatih xamcin hawa coox quxxi baaham /<br />
kumbux baaham udurrusse<br />
budge [bø~dZ] v.intr mukùxxa-exce She won’t budge unless<br />
you push her Tet gutqe waytek isi mukùxxa-minta<br />
budget [bø~dZIt] n bayyit (bayyìti) We have a weekly budget<br />
Malcinto bayyit lino
uffalo [bø~f´lo] n gasi Buffaloes have disappeared from<br />
<strong>Afar</strong>land due to desertification Gasi Qafar baaxok qabaarah<br />
baaddeh<br />
buffet [bU~fe] n buffee / meèxit nabsi There was a buffet<br />
lunch yesterday at the Sheraton Hotel Kimal Seeraaton<br />
Hoteelil buffee / meexit nabsih satqakkalo sugte<br />
bugle [bju~gl¢] n baanta People come out of their compounds<br />
when the bugle sounds Baanta anayta waqdi sinam gasok<br />
tawqeh<br />
build [bI~ld] v.tr rakiibò haysite Don’t build your house on<br />
sand! Qiddil qari rakiibo mahaysitin!<br />
builder [bI~ld´] n qarwaxise / xisnaabe What is your<br />
builder’s work like? Isin liton qarwaxisek / xisnaabek taama<br />
anninnay?<br />
building [bI~ldIN] n xisne That is a fine building Woh<br />
qaxmeqe xisne<br />
build up [bI~ld Up] v.tr dadlise My father wants to build<br />
up his business Yi-abba isi badaaqat dadlisam faxah<br />
build upon [bI~ld øpÅn] v.tr bàgul xise You can build<br />
upon the good start you have made Atu abte meqe rakiiboh<br />
bagul tu xissam dudda<br />
bulb [bø~lb] n ambuul (ambuùlu) Our electric light bulb is<br />
burnt out Tiriik ambuul nek carare<br />
bull [bU~l] n agur (agùru) / awur (awùru) That bull needs<br />
guarding Ama agur / awur dacayri faxa<br />
bull-camel [bU~l kœml¢] n rakub (rakuùbu) The man<br />
climbed on the (bull) camel Num rakub amot kore<br />
bulldog [bU~ldÅg] n buldog (kutìh qaynata) A bulldog has<br />
a large face ‘Buldog’ naba fooca le<br />
bullock [bU~l´k] n sànga A bullock is best for pulling<br />
carts Gaariggiitoh sangi yayse<br />
bulldozer [bU~ldoz´] n godcakamyuun (godcakamyuùnu) A<br />
bulldozer is a powerful heavy vehicle with a vertical blade<br />
at the front, used for levelling land Godcakamyuun<br />
iyyaanam foocat karerta giley, baaxo inki caddoh hayta<br />
qumaarat le qilsi baaburu<br />
bullet [bU~lIt] n rusàstu; qaràrtu There is no bullet in this gun<br />
A bandugut rusasti mayan The doctor found a bullet in<br />
his leg Daktoor qarartu ibat kaak gee<br />
bulletin [bU~l´tIn] n mascassa They have just put out a<br />
bulletin about his health A way kay qaafiyatak mascassa<br />
yeyyeeqen<br />
bully [bU~li] 1 n kokayseèka le awka Every school has its<br />
bully Kulli iskoolul kokayseeka le awki yan 2 v.tr gifqise;<br />
uncuse Don’t let anyone bully you into doing what you<br />
don’t want to do Faxe waytaamat assuh koo gifqisaanam<br />
moggolin!; Someone bullies one in four children in school<br />
Gari iskoolul urruk kulli affara awkak tiyak teyna yancuseh<br />
bulwark [bU~lw‰k] n medmed (medmèdi) We built a<br />
bulwark against the enemy Qaduwwik medmed haysitne<br />
37<br />
bump [bø~mp] 1 n fayyàk ramma The road has a bump in it<br />
Giti fayyak ramma le 2 v.tr ...-t boode A car bumped<br />
into me Baabur yot boodde<br />
bumper [bø~mp´] n goobisa The car’s bumper has been<br />
knocked Baabur goobisa amattak le<br />
bun [bø~n] n 1 borta Give me a sugar bun! Sokkar le borta<br />
yoh acuy! 2 darreffìlo The women who came to the<br />
wedding are wearing their hair in a bun Digibih yemeete<br />
agabi amo darreffilot lon<br />
bunch [bø~ntS] n uxaàxuq (uxaàxuqu) I picked two bunches<br />
of bananas off the tree Anu muusuk uxaaxuquk nammay<br />
kale<br />
bundle [bø~ndl¢] 1 n axaw (axàwa) How much did you buy<br />
the bundle of sticks for? Bocok axaw maa gideh xaamte? 2<br />
v.tr gùtqak culuse We bundled him into the car Baaburut<br />
kaa gutqak culusne<br />
bungle [bø~Ngl¢] v.tr finqise / oysomme He bungled the<br />
matters required of him Kaal esseren caagid finqise /<br />
yoysomme<br />
buoy [bO~I] n boogat (boogàta) The ship must steer round<br />
the buoy to enter the bay Marso cultuh markab boogatak<br />
taturam faxximta<br />
buoy up [bO~I Up] fig niyà ... lalise Expectation buoys me<br />
up Assacab niya yok lalisa<br />
burden [b‰~dn¢] 1 n qàri The burden put upon him is<br />
beyond his ability Kaal heen qari kay duddak iroh yan 2<br />
v.intr hoole His friend is burdened for him Kay kataysi<br />
kaah hoolah<br />
bureau [bju´ro~] n biiro / maktab (maktàba) I didn’t go to the<br />
bureau today A saaku biiro / maktab magexinniyo<br />
burglar [b‰~gl´] n garaqaàli Each of us stays awake in turn<br />
to keep burglars out Garaaqa qari nek raddaamak miduy,<br />
num nek muntuluulak xiina<br />
burglary [b‰~gl´ri] n garqa The number of burglaries has<br />
increased this year A sanat garqak tekkeh gide fàyya-inte<br />
burgle [b‰~gl¢] v.tr garaqe / rade How many times have<br />
they burgled you? Maakina-adda koo garaqen? / Maakinaadda<br />
koo radeeni?<br />
burial [bE~rI´l] n magaq (magaàqa) What time was the<br />
burial? Magaq maa saaqatal yekke?<br />
burn [b‰~n] 1 n caràrow (caràroowu) How did you get the<br />
burn on your hand? Gabal lito cararow macak kot yekke? 2<br />
v.intr carare The house is still burning Qari uxih cararah<br />
3 v.tr carare, cararise Burn those papers for me! Woo<br />
waraakit yoh cararis!<br />
burnt [b‰~nt] adj carare His burnt hand has healed nicely<br />
Cararte gaba kaak nagay qaffotteh!; If you go near the fire<br />
you will get burnt Girat xayyowtek cararetto<br />
burn up [b‰~n øp] v.intr onkonoonoce The fire burned up<br />
again Gira qagitteh tonkonoonoce<br />
B
C<br />
burn out [b‰~n AUt] v.tr xixxaàral cabe The fire burnt his<br />
car out Gira baaburuk xixxaaral kaa cabte<br />
burrow [bø~ro] n boorim (boorìmi) The rabbit goes into its<br />
burrow Bakkeeli isi boorimit cula<br />
burst [b‰~st] 1 v.intr bakaqe My boil burst Dombalti yok<br />
bakaqeh 2 adj bakaqe Water from a burst pipe ruined<br />
the house Bakaqe kasbatih lee qari bayisseh / Bakaqte<br />
bombah lee qari bayisseh<br />
bury [bE~ri] v.tr 1 oogoqe / usture They bury the body<br />
quickly Raysa xayih yaaguqen / yasturen 2 ubkune We<br />
buried the gold there to prevent it being stolen Dahab<br />
garqaanamak wokkel nubkune<br />
bury one's head in one's hands idiom amòl gabà hee <br />
When he heard the bad news, he buried his head in his<br />
hands Uma xaagu yoobbe waqdi amol gaba hee<br />
bus [bø~s] 1 n otibus (otibùsu) There is a flat rate for any<br />
bus journey in the town Otibus magaalak faxe gambil<br />
gexxay, nooli akak inki gide 2 v.tr otibùsut bee Pupils<br />
are bussed to school Darsa iskoola qari fan otibusut beyan<br />
bush [bU~S] n cafì We heard a noise in the bushes Cafiifah<br />
addak anay nel rade<br />
business [bI~znIs] n 1 caagid (caagìdi) What is your<br />
business with me? Yol lih maa caagid lito? 2 badaàqat<br />
boqoysira / kabxa He has a big business in town Usuk<br />
magaalal kaxxa badaaqat boqoysira / kabxa le<br />
bustard, kori [kÅ~rI bøst´d] n barrì qandooli A kori bustard<br />
has long legs Barri qandooli xer ibitte le<br />
bustle [bø~sl] v.intr gabatafìl abe She bustles about her work<br />
Is isi taama gabatafil abta<br />
busy [bI~zi] adj agxite Ants are always busy Xuune uumman<br />
agxittah<br />
busyness [bI~zin´s] n agxe Her busyness amazed me Is le<br />
agxe yoo waqagisseh<br />
but [bøt] conj immay; ...-k kàlah That’s true, but you don’t<br />
know all that’s involved Woh numma immay, adda inkih<br />
akak mataaxiga Everyone but my sister was present at the<br />
meeting Yi maqanxak kalah daffeynal kulli num geytime<br />
butcher [bU~tS´] 1 v.tr niyyaase Who butchered the goat?<br />
Reyta niyyassem iyyay? 2 n cadò yarcìdi Bring some<br />
meat from the butcher! Cado yarcidik cado bah!<br />
butt [bøt] v.tr ingiqe That buck goat butted my son Woo<br />
dabeeli yi baxa yingiqeh<br />
butting [bøtiN] n giqi This cow never stops its butting<br />
Ama saga abta giqik mataadiya<br />
butter [bø~t´] n mutuk (mutùku) I eat bread with butter<br />
Furum mutukut akme<br />
butterfly [bø~t´flAI] n laahinti This butterfly has beautiful<br />
wings A laahinti qaxmeqe galwa le<br />
buttocks [bø~t´ks] n.pl kamuusa / saloofa That woman has<br />
big buttocks Woo barra kaxxa kamuusa / saloofa le<br />
38<br />
button [bø~t´n] 1 n àdran (àdraana) I lost a button off my<br />
coat Kootuk adranti yok baye 2 v.tr adraanise Button<br />
your shirt! Samiid isik adraanis!<br />
buy [bA~I] v.tr xaame I will buy new clothes tomorrow<br />
Beera qusba sara xaameyyo<br />
buying [bA~IIN] n limo She is always engaged in the<br />
buying of new clothes Is uumman qusba sarih limot tan<br />
buzz [bø~z] 1 n hunnuyto A buzz of conversation is<br />
coming from that room Walal hunnuyto woo golik radda 2<br />
v.intr harrùw-exce The bee buzzed near me Diidaaleyta yi<br />
garit harrùw-inte<br />
buzzing [bø~zIN] n harruwto The bee’s buzzing startled<br />
me Diidaaleyta harruwto yoo wiriggisseh<br />
by [bA~I] prep ...-t; ...-h; ...-l My mother is standing by the<br />
door Yi-ina afaddikot solta; I am going by camel, not by foot<br />
Anu rakuubut gexa-ikkalah, ibah magexa; He passed by me<br />
in the street Usuk gital yol tature<br />
byegones [bA~IgÅnz] n.pl tekkem (tekkeèmi) Let byegones be<br />
byegones! Tekkem takkay inxica!<br />
bystander [bA~Istœnd´] n xaqulsùge I asked a bystander how<br />
the fight started Anu qeebi elle yekkenna xaqulsugel essere<br />
C<br />
cab [kœ~b] n tàksi Call a cab! Taksih sec!<br />
cabbage [kœ~bIdZ] n malfuuf (malfuùfu) Cabbage is best<br />
when eaten raw Malfuuf qasih yakmeenim tayse<br />
cabin [kœ~bIn] n meerragòli Sailors sleep in cabins on the<br />
ship Bahriya markabak meerragolit xinta<br />
cabinet [kœ~bIn´t] n 1 màglis (màglisi) / maloktì maro That<br />
man is a member of the cabinet Woo num maglisik / malokti<br />
maroh adoyta 2 soolò sandug (sandùgu) My mother<br />
displays pretty dishes in her cabinet Yi-ina qaxmeqe sucuun<br />
soolo sandugut tabbixe<br />
cable [ke~bl¢] 1 n qàrrat (qàrrata); akat (akàta) Is the broken<br />
cable mended? Yiggiriqe qarrat maay xakbisen? The<br />
electric cable passes underground Kooraan akat baaxoh<br />
addat haysan 2 talagraam (talagraàma) If you want an<br />
answer quickly you had better send a cable Sissikuk xaagi<br />
kol gacam faxxek talagraam rubtam tayse 2 v.tr talagraàm<br />
ruube I cabled them concerning my arrival Anu abu waa<br />
mamaatah talagraam keenih ruube<br />
cadet [k´dE~t] n darsàytu When a boy is of age, he can<br />
become an army cadet Awki darrekaleek widiril qaskariino<br />
darsaytu yakku duuda<br />
cadge [kœ~dZ] v.intr cìndabeye This man has learnt to cadge<br />
A num cindabeyam barite<br />
cadging [kœ~dZIN] n cindabèytu His livelihood is based on<br />
cadging Mano kaak cindabeytul solta<br />
caesarean cf cesarean
cafe [kœ~fe,kœfe~] n makaahi Men are often found at cafes<br />
Labha xeflih makaahiihal geytimta<br />
cage [ke~dZ] n gafas (gafàsa) A bird kept in a cage cannot fly<br />
Gafasat haan kimbiro haaddam madudda<br />
cajole [k´dZo~l] v.tr raddoose If you know how to cajole<br />
your father, he won’t send you away empty-handed Kaa<br />
elle raddossanna teexegek ku-abba koo mabaxaysa<br />
cake [ke~k] n keek (keèki) Bake the cake in the gas oven!<br />
Keek gas furnot alas!<br />
calamity [k´lœ~mIti] n musiiba One calamity followed<br />
another Musiiba tittal katayte<br />
calcium [kœ~lsiy´m] n kalsiyom (kalsiyoòmu) The bones<br />
failed to grow properly because of lack of calcium Lafof<br />
kalsiyom wayah yanabu cineh<br />
calculate [kœ~lkjulet] v.tr cisàb abe; cisaabise Calculate how<br />
much money you need for the wedding! Digibih kok<br />
faxximta lakqoh cisab ab! Calculate your chances of<br />
success before doing this! Ah abtaamak duma agdab saami<br />
kok yakkeh gide cisaabis!<br />
calculation [kœlkj´le~Sn¢] n cisab (cisaàba) I made a swift<br />
calculation Anu sissik cisab akak abe<br />
calculator [kœ~lkj´let´] n cisàb aalat (àalata) Have you got<br />
a calculator? Cisab aalat maay lito?<br />
calendar [kœ~l´nd´] n cakkatlòowo / uddurlòowo Each year<br />
has its calendar Kulli sanat isi cakkatloowo / uddurloowo le<br />
calendar month [kœ~lind´ mønT] n àlsa What is the name<br />
of this calendar month? Edde nan alsi maa migaq le?<br />
calf [kA~f] n 1 sarba Riding a bicycle makes the calves of<br />
the legs strong Baskil beyto sarba taygibbideh 2 rùga, ruga<br />
My cow gave birth to a bull calf yesterday Yi saga kimal<br />
ruga xalte<br />
calibre [kœ~lIb´] n duddo What they did is of high calibre<br />
Oson abeenim kaxxa duddo leemi They need a man of<br />
your calibre Oson duddoh ku-inna le num faxan<br />
calico [kœ~lIko] n mareekani A shroud is made from calico<br />
Kafan mareekanik bicisan<br />
call [kOl] 1 v.intr 1 boosàh emeete You were out when we<br />
called Boosah kol nemeete waqdi masuginnito 2 talafoòn<br />
hee They called half an hour ago Oson nussi saaqatak<br />
duma talafoon heen 2 v.tr ...-h deecise Shall we call our<br />
peers? Fiqmah deecisno? 3 n 1 talafoon (talafoònu) <br />
Who made that call? Iyyay woo talafoon abtem? 2 deero <br />
The whale has a distinctive call Qambilbacar baxsa le deero<br />
le<br />
called, be [bi kO~ld] adj xiqsite; migàq le What is this<br />
country called? A baaxo maca xiqsitta? What is he<br />
called? Usuk maa migaq le?<br />
call after [kO~l Aft´] ...-l muggaaqise Whom did you call<br />
him after? Iyyal kaa muggaaqisse?<br />
call by [kO~l bAI] prep.v.tr ...-l xaqxaqe He called by our<br />
house Usuk buxah nel xaqxaqe<br />
39<br />
call for [kO~l fO] v.tr faxe Their behaviour calls for firm<br />
action Ken gexgexit digga le abitto faxa<br />
call (out) [kO~l A~Ut] v.intr deerise / kaaye; deerò abe Why<br />
are you calling out? Macah deerissa / kaayta? My sister<br />
called (out) for help Yi maqanxa catoh deero abte<br />
callous [kœ~l´s] adj allaàqal / qàad mali That man is callous<br />
Woo num allaaqal mali / qaad mali<br />
callousness [kœ~l´sn´s] n qàadsinna Callousness is not<br />
necessary Qaadsinna mafaxximta<br />
callus [kœ~l´s] n gubse The callus on camels is hard Gaali<br />
gubse gibdih<br />
calm [kA~m] 1 adj saaye / sìxxa-exce The sea is calm today<br />
A saaku bad saayah yan / sìxxa-iyya 2 v.tr qelaagise His<br />
mother held her son tight to calm him Ina bàxa<br />
qelaagissam-gidih kàffa-kaat-inte<br />
calmness [kA~mn´s] n qilsa That lady’s calmness is an<br />
example Woo barra le qilsa maslah tan<br />
calm down [kA~m dA~Un] 1 v.intr esseehede; sabàcca-exce <br />
Now I have calmed down from my anger Abeh suge<br />
naqabuk a way esseehede Don’t fuss, just calm down!<br />
Maqataatakinay, sabàcca-inxic! 2 v.tr eyseehede This<br />
teacher can calm unruly children down A kabir ibak rada<br />
urru yayseehedem duudah<br />
camel [kœ~ml¢] n ala; rakub (rakuùbu); gaàla Today the bull<br />
calf ran away from the mother camel A saaku alak narig<br />
qaareh / kudeh We put the bridle on the bull-camel<br />
Rakuubut ammunta hayne Many of the camels belonging<br />
to our clan have died Ni xaala luk sugte gaalak mangom<br />
tembexe<br />
camel’s hump [kœml¢z hø~mp] n gaalì barud (barùdu) <br />
Camel’s humps get smaller without water Lee week gaali<br />
barud salaca<br />
camera [kœ~mr´] n kaameera / taswiìr mansaf (mansàfa) My<br />
camera takes the best pictures Yok kaameera yayse tasaawir<br />
tayyaaqe / Yok taswiir mansaf yayse tasaawir yayyaaqe<br />
camouflage [kœ~m´flAdZ] 1 n sasowweelo The enemy<br />
recognized their camouflage Qaduwwi ken sasowweelot<br />
radeh 2 v.tr sasowweelise The army’s cars are well<br />
camouflaged Qande bawaabir nagay sasowweelisen<br />
camp [kœ~mp] n mafdaga Let’s pitch camp under these trees<br />
A cooxih gubal mafdaga hàynay-inxica<br />
camping, go phr.v.intr siràq luk walwalite gexe Our<br />
children have gone camping this week Xaylo nek a<br />
ayyaamat siraq luk walwalitteh gexxeh<br />
campaign [kœmpe~n] n gaàdu 1 The warriors got ready for<br />
a campaign Macaxi gaaduh gulguluh gace 2 geysis (geysiisi)<br />
They are running an advertising campaign Oson<br />
maysaxxag geysis aban<br />
can 1 [kœ~n] n 1 tanak (tanàka); taasat (taasàta) Buy a can of<br />
oil from the shop! Dokkaanak salit tanak xaam! Bring me<br />
a can for water! Lee taasat yol tabis!<br />
C
C<br />
can 2 [kœ~n, k´n], [kœ~n´t, kA~nt] mod.v 1 duude; dùdda-hee <br />
She can speak <strong>English</strong> Is Ingiliis afat yabtu duddah I have<br />
done everything I can Anu dùdda-haam inkih abe I can’t<br />
/ cannot understand him Usuk iyyaamat kaak radam<br />
maduuda 2 àkku bica She could be the first among her<br />
peers Is isi fooduk nahar takku bicta<br />
canal [k´nœ~l] n dooco / kanal (kanaàla) The agriculturalists<br />
dug a canal Buqraabeenit dooco / kanal cotte<br />
cancel [kœ~nsl¢] v.tr bayise I cancelled our appointment Anu<br />
luk sugne xagana bayise I cancelled his debt to me Kaat<br />
luk suge abud bayise<br />
cancellation [kœns´le~Sn¢] n bàysa How did the<br />
cancellation of his debt to you come about? Usuk kot luk<br />
suge abuudih baysi anninnal yekke?<br />
cancer [kœ~ns´] n laahibàxxa He got cancer of the neck<br />
Fillal laahibaxxi kaak yewqe<br />
cancerous [kœ~nsr´s] adj laahibàxxak The growth that<br />
was removed from him was cancerous Kaak kalen uxba<br />
laahibaxxak ten<br />
candid [kœ~ndId] adj qado We had a candid discussion<br />
Nanu qado walal abne<br />
candidly [kœ~ndIdli] adv qaduk My doctor speaks<br />
candidly with patients Yi daktoor biyaakita mara luk qaduk<br />
yaaba<br />
candidate [kœ~ndId´t / kœ~ndIdet] n qalàle / faxìte Who is a<br />
candidate for the election? Doorol qalaleh / faxiteh tanim<br />
iyyay?<br />
candle [kœ~ndl¢] n sàmqi There were no candles on the night<br />
the electricity failed Kooraan yiggiriqe bar samqi mananna<br />
candour [kœ~nd´] n bagì qidi I like his candour Kay bagi<br />
qidi kiciyyo<br />
cane [ke~n] 1 n kaydaràntu On seeing the cane the boy<br />
apologized Awki kaydaranti mabulul akah qafu essere 2<br />
v.tr kaydaràntut oogore The teacher caned the badly<br />
behaved boy Kabir adbisinna le awka kaydarantut yoogore<br />
canny [kœ~ni] adj bagicùbbi le / cibbaàr le These people are<br />
canny A mari bagicubbi le / cibbaar le<br />
canniness [kœ~nIn´s] n bagcùbbi / cibbaar (cibbaàra) He is<br />
well-known for his canniness Usuk bagicùbbih / cibbaarah<br />
yimixxige numu<br />
cannon [kœ~n´n] n madfaq (madfàqa) The cannon is fired to<br />
announce the cessation of hostilities Wiil yeediyeemih<br />
maysaxxagah madfaq yaaguren<br />
canoe [kœnu~] n huuri A canoe is steered by a paddle Huuri<br />
ux seebit beyan<br />
canopy [kœ~n´pi] n iraawo The President took his place<br />
under the canopy to speak Ummuunoh Abba qangara qiduh<br />
iraawo gubih aracal gace<br />
canteen [kœnti~n] n 1 afleyta Travellers carry canteens full<br />
of water Safara mari leek kiben afleyta luk gexan 2<br />
40<br />
aftooddàas (aftooddàasa) Companies provide canteens for<br />
their employees Kobbani tamsissa marah aftooddaas le<br />
canvas [kœ~nv´s] n torbaal (torbaàla) I erect a canvas tent to<br />
sleep outside Afal elle xiinuh torbaal daas daabisa<br />
canyon [kœ~nj´n] n golo In a deep canyon the sun doesn’t<br />
trouble people much Adda le golol ayro mangom sinam<br />
mataqbissa<br />
cap [kœ~p] n 1 kalabta The wind carried the man’s cap<br />
away Num amot luk suge kalabta caacay beeh 2 aftibàxa <br />
Where is the petrol cap? Sansi tanakih aftibaxi annih kaay?<br />
I have lost the cap of my biro Galamak aftibaxi yok bayeh<br />
capable [ke~p´bl¢] adj xiqtò le He is capable of better work<br />
than this Usuk ahak tayse taama abaamih xiqto le<br />
capability [kep´bI~lIti] n duddo What are his<br />
capabilities? Duddok kaak manna le?<br />
cape [ke~p] n 1 raasi The sailboat rounded the cape Doonik<br />
raasik makitte 2 kabba My father wears a cape in cold<br />
weather Yi-abba xamca tan waqdi kabba haysita<br />
capital [kœ~pItl¢] n 1 kaxxà wara The first letter of a sentence<br />
is written with a capital Maxcok naharsi wara kaxxa warak<br />
tankuttube 2 inayta What town is the capital of this<br />
country? A baaxok inaytah raqtam maa magaalay? 3<br />
raàsalmaal (maàla) Her capital is in the bank Teetik<br />
raasalmaal bankil yan<br />
capitalism [kœ~pIt´lIzm¢] n maalì gaddaliino Capitalism<br />
encourages private concerns Maali gaddaliino caglan<br />
caagiida aydakumussa<br />
capitalist [kœ~pIt´lIst] 1 n maalì gaddali We are<br />
capitalists Nanu maali gaddaleela kinnino 2 adj maalì<br />
gaddaliino England is a capitalist country Ingiliis baaxo<br />
maali gaddaliinoh baaxo<br />
capitulate [k´pI~tjulet] v.intr gabà ece Our opponents<br />
capitulated Nel saduh yen mari gaba yece<br />
capitulation [k´pItjule~Sn] n gabàh acwa We never<br />
contemplate capitulation Gabah acwat way manacsuba<br />
capsize [kœpsA~Iz] 1 v.intr kore We are afraid that the<br />
sailboat will capsize in rough seas Bad yoomek doonik nel<br />
kortaamak meysitna 2 v.tr korise Don’t capsize the boat!<br />
Doonik makorisin!<br />
captain [kœ~pt´n, kœ~ptIn] 1 n naakuda; mirac (miraàca) The<br />
captain steered his ship carefully into port Naakuda isi<br />
markab marso fan cubbit xayyoose Ismael was appointed<br />
captain of the team Ismaaqil dokon miraacah heeni 2 v.tr<br />
miraacise My brother captains the team Yi toobokoyti<br />
dokon miraacisa<br />
captive [kœ~ptIv] n seèwa Let the captives go! Seewi gèxayinxic!<br />
captivate [kœ~ptIvet] v.tr seelise The beauty of her<br />
character captivated me Tet caalatih maqaane yoo seelisse<br />
capture [kœ~ptS´] v.tr ibbixe The police captured many<br />
thieves Boliis mango garoqti tibbixe
car [kA~] n baabur (baabùru) He always drives his car with<br />
care Usuk ìnki isi baabur baaqid luk beya<br />
caramel [kœ~r´ml¢] n karamella Caramel is made by<br />
browning sugar Karamella sokkar diyaayisak bicisan<br />
caravan [kœ~r´vœn] n 1 arho The caravan was halted at the<br />
palm springs Arho garrale raceynah ufuyrub abte 2<br />
gexadaas (gexadàasa) Some people take caravans on<br />
holiday Sahdak tu affaafay gexadaasal le<br />
carcase [k~A~k´s] n maqasa Following drought animal<br />
carcases littered the ground Qabaarak lakal saqi maqsoosa<br />
baaxol caffayti yakkem akkuk raqte<br />
card [kA~d] n karti He sent me a card from the places he<br />
visited Usuk gufneh gexe aroocak karti yoh ruube They<br />
printed the notice on card Oson kartil maysaxxaga haxxisen<br />
cards [kA~dz] n.pl tùrub (tùrubu) Men play cards in the<br />
afternoon Labha turub carra digerta<br />
cardamom [kA~d´m´m] n hèel (hèeli) Tea with cardamom<br />
has a nice taste Heel le saahi meqe tamu le<br />
cardboard [kA~dbOd] n kartoon (kartoònu) The poor sleep on<br />
cardboard Tu maleela kartoon bagul xinta<br />
cardigan [kA~dIg´n] n gàram (gàrama) A woollen cardigan is<br />
necessary when it is cold Wac yan saaku suuf garam<br />
faxxiima<br />
care [kE~´] n 1 amò wagitto He left his family in my care Isi<br />
buxa amo wagittoh yol cabe 2 dacayri / xagur (xagùru) <br />
Have a care for your health! Isi qaafiyatih dacayrit / xagurut<br />
gac! 3 eddè waama le; eddè le Who cares? Iyyi edde<br />
waama le? / Iyyi maca edde waa? I don’t care Edde waam<br />
mayyu / Carra edde mayyu<br />
care about v.tr [kE~´r ´bAUt] maqàl le He cares about his<br />
mother Usuk isi-inat maqal le<br />
care for [kE~´ fO, kE~´ f´] v.tr 1 loowàm le He doesn’t care<br />
for me Usuk yoh loowam mali 2 faxe I don’t care for any<br />
more Ahak muxxi mafaxa<br />
cared for [kE~´d fO] adj ciìnik ene Her clothes are well<br />
cared for Tet sari ciinik yan<br />
care of, take [tek kE~´ Åv] v.tr.phr 1 dacrise Take care of<br />
these things for me! A duyye yoh dacris! 2 daanise Take<br />
good care of this book! A buuk meqe daanah daanis! 3 amò<br />
wagite Take good care of the guest I brought! Anu baahe<br />
qibnaytuk amo nagay wagit!<br />
care of, taken v.tr.phr meqè gurrat ten (tene) Your affairs<br />
have been taken care of Ku caagiida meqe gurrat tan<br />
careful [kE~´f´l] adj qìlsa He is a careful leader Usuk qilsi<br />
saqala<br />
careful, be [bi kE~´f´l] adj 1 ...-t cùbbi hayise Be careful<br />
with your things! Isi duyyet cubbi hayis! 2 ...-k cùbbi abe<br />
Be careful for snakes! Baaxot alluwwek cubbi abit!<br />
carefulness [kE~´f´ln´s] n cùbbi Whatever she does, my<br />
mother does with carefulness Yi-ina abinnaanim cubbit abta<br />
careless [kE~´lEs] adj baaqìd mali; baaqidsìnna le He is<br />
41<br />
completely careless Usuk inkinnah tut baaqid mali He<br />
has a careless attitude Usuk baaqidsinna le afkan le<br />
carelessness [kE~´lEsn´s] n baaqidsìnna The accident<br />
happened through his carelessness Kay baaqidsinnah<br />
qawwalayla tekke<br />
career [k´rI~´] n mehrat (mehràta) His career is in building<br />
construction, but he failed to find work Kay mehrat qarwa<br />
xisnek tene-immay, usuk taama magenna<br />
caress [k´rE~s] 1 v.tr saacoore I caressed her out of love<br />
Anu kacanuh tet saacoore 2 n saacooro Her caress is<br />
sincere Tet saacooro niyaak takke<br />
cargo [kA~go] n qàri / quùka / sicinat (sicinàta) A cargo laden<br />
ship came into port Qari / Quuka / Sicinat le markab dakkat<br />
culte<br />
carotid artery [k´rÅ~tId AtrI] n caacayli / karraci / karreedo <br />
The robber struck him on the carotid artery with a stick and<br />
knocked him down Garqi caxxa caacayli / karracit /<br />
karreedot kaak heeh edde kaa yinkise<br />
carpenter [kA~pInt´, kA~p´nt´] n luctì naggaar (naggaàra) <br />
Which carpenter made your cupboard? Kabat koh bicissem<br />
maa lucti naggaaray?<br />
carpet [kA~pIt, kA~p´t] 1 n erqifiddima The most beautiful<br />
carpets come from Iran Qaxah yayse erqifiddim Fursi baaxol<br />
geytima 2 v.tr erqifìddimat damdame We want to carpet<br />
the floor Nanu qari baaxa erqifiddimat damdamnam fanxa<br />
carriage [kœ~rIdZ] n 1 gexo A lame person has bad carriage<br />
Kòs-iyya numuk gexo mameqe 2 gexentì gaari The<br />
carriages on the train are divided into two classes Meelit<br />
gexenti gaaritte namma kinah baxsimta<br />
carrion [kœ~rI´n] n barùga The vulture fed off carrion<br />
Gumayti baruga yokme<br />
carrot [kœ~r´t] n kaaroot (kaaroòtu) They say that eating<br />
carrots is good for the eyesight Kaaroot yakmeenim<br />
intiffaarah meqeh iyyan<br />
carry [kœ~rI] v.tr 1 ukkuqe Carry this box and put it in the<br />
kitchen! A sandug ukkuqay, gira qaril hayis! 2 baahe <br />
That shop doesn’t carry the things I want Anu faxa duyye<br />
woo dokkaan mabaaha 3 bee This bus can carry 30<br />
people A ottobus soddom num beyam duuda<br />
carrier [kœ~rIe] n kuùli I had a carrier for my goods<br />
Duyye quukah kuuli luk suge<br />
carry away [kœrI ´we~] phr.v.tr rade The thieves carried<br />
all the owner’s silver away Garqaali foddak aben duyye<br />
inkih le numuk radeh fig ...-t untuxxuqe, hàwri cabsiise <br />
My brother was carried away by his book Yi toobokoyti<br />
yakriye buukut yuntuxxuqe My work carried me away<br />
Inni taamat untuxxuqe Anger carried me away Naqbi<br />
hawri yoo cabsiise<br />
carry off [kœ~rI Å~f] phr.v.tr isiisàh orbise He carried off all<br />
the prizes Usuk taguude acwak inkih isiisah orbise<br />
carry on [kœ~rI Å~n] v.tr warrayse Carry on with the work<br />
C
C<br />
you were doing! Abak sugte taama warras!<br />
carry over [kœ~rI ov´] phr.v.tr ellè warrayse Carry the<br />
sentence over on to the next page! Maxcok raqtam kataya<br />
langil elle warras!<br />
cart [kA~t] n gaari The shopkeeper had his flour brought by<br />
cart Dokkaan le num burri gaarit bahsiise<br />
cart away [kA~t ewe~] phr.v.tr weere He carted everything<br />
away Usuk sùgga-intam inkih weere<br />
cartilage [kA~tlIdZ] n karrùqta The cartilage in his shoulder is<br />
torn Labkak karruqti kaak dargaqimeh<br />
carton [kA~tn¢] n kartoon (kartoònu) They had put the food<br />
away in a carton Maaqo kartoon addat daaniseenih sugen<br />
cartoon [kAtu~n] n furkucàt taswiir (taswiìri) This book is full<br />
of cartoons A buuk furkucat tasaawirik kibuk yan<br />
cartridge [kA~trIdZ] n galhàytu If the powder in the cartridge<br />
is damp, it won’t work Galhayti addah baarud uynaatek,<br />
kacitah<br />
carve [kA~v] v.tr irgiqe; okkore He carved the meat badly<br />
Usuk cado umannal yirgiqe, He carved his name on the<br />
stone Usuk isi migaq xaak bagul okkore<br />
case [ke~s] n 1 santa How many cases have you got?<br />
Santootik maa gide lito? 2 geyto / wayto How many cases<br />
will be brought before the court today? A saaku takku wayta<br />
mablol maakina geyto / wayto ablelon?<br />
case, in [In ke~s] adv ...-k iyyaanam (iyyaanàma) They left<br />
me behind in case he came Yoo akah cabeenim usuk<br />
yemeetek iyyaanama<br />
case, in that [In Dœt ke~s] adv wòysa In that case, I will<br />
go Woysa, gexeyyo<br />
cash [kœ~S] n lakqò qadih You have to pay for these things<br />
with cash A duyyeh lakqo qadih taceem faxximta<br />
cashier [kœ~SI´] n maàlu yabbaxi We can’t find the<br />
cashier at the bank Bankil maalu yabbaxi wayneh<br />
cassette [k´sE~t] n qaglat (qaglàta) Bring me a blank cassette!<br />
Foyyah yan qaglat yoh baahey!<br />
cast [kA~st] n aysaraàrac (aysaraàraca) The dentist made a<br />
cast of my teeth Moddin daktoor yok moddin aysaraarac<br />
abe<br />
cast, (plaster) n noora A cast was put on the broken arm<br />
Tiddigille gabal noora heen<br />
cast (its) skin [kA~st skIn] v.tr sibàk ewqe / siixaxuk ewqe <br />
The snake casts its skin as it grows Baaxot ali yambe way<br />
sibak yawqe / siixaxuk yawqe<br />
cast (a/the) spell [kA~st ´ spE~l] v.tr baàb abe The reason<br />
why the woman is sick is that the sorcerer cast a spell on<br />
her A barra akah biyaakittam baababe baab teetil abeksa<br />
castle [kA~sl¢] n kalqàt gaso They built the king’s castle on a<br />
hill Malikih kalqat gaso koomah amol xisen<br />
castrate [kœstre~t] v.tr sangise We castrate bulls to fatten<br />
them Agurwa gabultam-gidih sangisna<br />
42<br />
castrated [kœstre~tId] adj sangisèn Castrated bulls grow<br />
fat Sangisen agurwa gabulta<br />
casual [kœ~Zju´l] adj cubbusè wee He is casual in his<br />
behaviour and dress Usuk cal kee sartan isik macubbusa<br />
casualty [kœ~Zju´ltI] n 1 xaagùqa / madàlu How many<br />
casualties were there in that battle? Woo maysattakat<br />
xaaguqi / madali maa gide yekke? 2 Roocimatàrdayla We<br />
took the injured man to Casualty Mudduume num<br />
Roocimatardaylah beyne<br />
cat [kœ~t] n dummu A cat doesn’t allow a mouse into its<br />
home Dummu isih elle tan qari ikqiyo cùli mahayta<br />
catalogue [kœ~t´lÅg] 1 n aydalaalaqà buuk (buùku) The girl<br />
preparing for marriage chooses her wedding dress from the<br />
catalogue Alkumul tan baxuwwa digib kamiis aydalaalaqa<br />
buukuk dooritta 2 v.tr qadroorise Don’t catalogue our<br />
misdeeds! Abne umaane nek maqadroorisin!<br />
catalyst [kœ~t´lIst] n ekraare The one who was the catalyst<br />
for getting the new road built was my brother Woo gitih<br />
xisneh ekraare yi toobokoyta<br />
cataract [kœ~t´rœkt] n 1 bìxak obta lee A cataract is<br />
extremely powerful Bixak obta lee kaxxa cayla le 2<br />
intibbùlci A person suffering from cataracts doesn’t see<br />
well Intibbulci le num nagay yablu maduuda<br />
catarrh [k´tA~] n ciifa He has chronic catarrh Usuk qaffoote<br />
waa ciifa le<br />
catastrophe [k´tœ~str´fi] n musiiba; balàk baaliq His coming<br />
will be a catastrophe for us Kay mamaata musiiba nel<br />
akkele The earthquake was a catastrophe Baaxoh<br />
angoyyi balak baaliq katayse<br />
catch [kœ~tS] 1 v.tr 1 ibbixe I caught the ball they threw at<br />
me Yol qiden koqso ibbixe Don’t let me catch you doing<br />
wrong! Anu kalaatah tan abtot koo abbixe waay inxic! <br />
The police caught the thief Boliis garqa tibbixeh 2 matare<br />
If you don’t run you won’t catch the train Arde waytek<br />
meel mamatarta 3 lawise They caught me with their<br />
story Oson baahen dirab missilat yoo lawisen 2 n tu <br />
There is a catch in it somewhere Ahim tiyak teynat tu le<br />
catching [kœ~tSIN] adj tàbu le Some diseases are catching<br />
Qudrik tu tabu le<br />
catch alight [kœtS ´lA~It] v.intr ure The fire will catch<br />
alight quickly Gira xayuk urele<br />
catch (a) cold [kœ~tS ko~ld] idiom goson ...-t rade / gosone <br />
I caught a cold Goson yot rade / I caught a cold Gosoneh<br />
catch on [kœ~tS Ån] 1 v.tr ...-t rade He’ll catch on to<br />
what you say eventually Usuk gexak yeneek atu intaamat<br />
radele 2 catch one’s breath idiom 1 caxxìnnah kafise I<br />
caught my breath at the sight of her beauty Tet qaxih mabul<br />
caxxinnah yoo kafise 2 ufùy ruube I am puffed out, wait<br />
while I catch my breath! Qoofehik, ufuy ruubutay yoo inxic!<br />
catch ... unawares [kœ~tS Un´wE~´z] v.tr.idiom garcìt ibbixe <br />
His departure caught me unawares Kay gexo garcit yoo
tibbixe<br />
catch sight of [kœ~tS sAIt ´v] prep.v.idiom tù uble If you<br />
catch sight of that boy, give him my message! Woo awkah<br />
tu tublek yi farmo kaal qid!<br />
catch up [kœ~tS Up] phr.v.tr exbeebexe, eleele I can’t<br />
catch him up Anu kaa axbeebexem / eleelam maduuda<br />
catch up with [kœ~tS Up wID] phr.v.tr.idiom exbeebexe; eleele<br />
They caught up with me when I reached home Oson anu<br />
buxa elle gufe-ikkel yoo yexbeebexen I will catch up with<br />
the students who are ahead of me Barittol yok tayse darsa<br />
axbeebexeyyo / eleeleyyo<br />
category [kœ~t´gri] n horta We’ll put him in the top category<br />
Iro hortat kaa loowenno<br />
caterpillar [kœ~t´pIl´] n cillixàyru The caterpillar became a<br />
beautiful butterfly Cillixayri qaxmeqe laahinti yekke<br />
Catholic [kœ~T´lIk] n Katolik (Katolìki) Catholics are<br />
religious people Katolik mari diini le mara<br />
cattle [kœ~tl¢] n laa Our cattle survived the drought Ni laahi<br />
qabaarak raaqe<br />
cause [kO~z] 1 n 1 fàrdi I need money for a good cause<br />
Lakqo kaxxa fardih faxa 2 afèyta; sabab (sabàba) What is<br />
the cause of his sickness? Kay lakimih afeyti macay? For<br />
what cause did she come? Is maa sababah temeete? 2 v.tr<br />
...-h xale That banging caused my headache Woo boqto<br />
amobberra yoh xalte<br />
cause ... concern [kO~z kÅns‰~n] v.tr cisabboose His bad<br />
character caused us concern Kay qamal umaane nee<br />
cisabbosse<br />
causative [kO~z´tIv] adj absiisa A causative verb has an<br />
object Absiisa abini akkeyna le<br />
caution [kO~S´n, kO~sn¢] n 1 maabitina He gave me a caution<br />
Maabitina yol yece 2 cùbbi, xagur (xagùru) He did what<br />
we asked him with caution Kaal essernem cubbit / xagurut<br />
abe<br />
cautious [kO~S´s] adj dacrise / xagure He is cautious with<br />
his feelings Usuk yassalenna isik dacrisa / xagura<br />
cautiously [kO~S´sli] adv cùbbit / ìbak gaba abbixuk In<br />
order not to waken him she came in cautiously Is kaa<br />
aynibide waytuh qari cubbit / ibak gaba abbaxuk culte<br />
cave [ke~v] n gabla Early people lived in caves Dumi mari<br />
gaboolut dabqih anuk yen<br />
cavity [kœ~vIti] n suusa; boorim (boorìmi) There is a cavity<br />
in my tooth Moddina yok suusa bahte They kept their<br />
money in a cavity under the window Oson isinni lakqo<br />
taagatak gubal tan boorimit daanisen<br />
caw [kO~] 1 n kakto A crow’s call is called a caw Kuraani<br />
xongolo kakto deqsitta 2 v.intr kaakise The crow cawed<br />
loudly Kuraani nabam kaakise<br />
cease [si~s] 1 v.intr soole; iggile; fakise The drumming has<br />
ceased Karamboh agra solteh The wind has ceased<br />
Caacay yiggileh The rain has ceased Rob fakiseh 2 v.tr<br />
43<br />
soolise I have ceased smoking Anu sigaara maqab<br />
sooliseh<br />
ceaseless [si~sl´s] adj idiyà sinna My head ached from the<br />
ceaseless throbbing of the boat’s engine Idiya sinni doonik<br />
matoorih dikkirtoh amo yok berrisseh<br />
ceaselessly [si~sl´slI] adv fakoòt sìnnim; idiyà sinnim The<br />
rain fell ceaselessly Rob fakoot sinnim rade He worked<br />
ceaselessly Usuk idiya sinnim taamite<br />
ceiling [si~lIN] n amodira / balafòon (balafòonu) The ceiling<br />
fell down because of the heavy rain Gibda roobuk<br />
gexxaamah amodira raddeh / balafoon radeh<br />
celebrate [sE~lIbret] v.tr caflàt abe / essekexxe We celebrated<br />
his birthday Kay ubkah ayro caflat abne / nessekexxe<br />
celebration [sElIbre~Sn¢] n caflat (caflàta) We will have a<br />
celebration at the end of the year Sanat illacabol caflat<br />
aallenno<br />
celebrity [sElE~brIti] n aytigexxò le num (nùmu) A great<br />
celebrity came to our country yesterday Kimal naba<br />
aytigexxo le num ni baaxo yemeete<br />
celibacy [sE~lIb´si, sE~l´b´si] n digibeway (digibewàya) <br />
Celibacy is not for everyone Digibeway kulli numuh mabica<br />
cell [sE~l] n 1 uguc (ugùcu) They put the thief in a cell the<br />
day before yesterday Garqa ambaaca ugucut heen 2<br />
kalaaya The terrorists hold their cell in secrecy Nacrur<br />
maleela isinni kalaaya sirrih lon 3 wasìqtu The body is<br />
made up of living cells Xagar nuwwi wasiiqak ginniima<br />
cellar [sE~l´] n gongooni They store food in the cellar to<br />
keep it from spoiling Maaqo taameemik qarik gongoonit<br />
daanisan<br />
cement [sImE~nt] n simit (simìti) We have a cement floor<br />
Nanu simit baax lino<br />
cemetery [sE~m´tri] n magooqa The Djibouti cemetery at<br />
Himboli has a big surrounding wall Yabuutil Cimboli<br />
magooqa kaxxa gaso maraasiyoh le<br />
censor [sE~ns´] n addatàbe / sensuurabe The censor opened<br />
my letter Addatabe / Sensuurabe yi gawaab fakeh<br />
censure [sE~nS´] v.tr essecekke / sade They censured the<br />
plans I put forward Anu xayyoose mala yessecekkeeni /<br />
sadeeni<br />
census [sE~ns´s] n sahdahìxxu / sahdallòowo The Djibouti<br />
governnent conducted a census of the people just recently<br />
Qusubih Yabuuti doolat sahdahixxu / sahdalloowo abteh<br />
cent [sE~nt] n santiim (santiìmi) One dollar is a hundred<br />
cents Inki dorral bool santiim yakke<br />
centigrade [sE~ntIgred] n santigraad (santigraàda) In summer<br />
the heat reaches forty centigrade Cagayah laqna morootum<br />
santigraad taafe<br />
centimetre [sE~ntImIt´] n santimitir (santimitìri) There are a<br />
hundred centimetres in a metre Inki mitirit bool santimitir<br />
yan<br />
C
C<br />
centipede [sE~ntIpid] n sankaràarac (sankaràaraca) The<br />
centipede pulls itself along the ground Sankaraarac baaxol<br />
hirrigak gexa<br />
centre [sE~nt´] n cundub (cundùbu) The centre of trade is<br />
near the railway station Boqoysirak cundub Lagaar xaqut<br />
geytima<br />
centre on [sE~nt´r Ån] prep.v.tr 1 ...-t eqerre; ...-t buxùx le <br />
My thoughts are centred on him Yi fikrat kaat yaqarre <br />
Their dispute centred on those matters Ken keemaari woo<br />
caagidit buxux luk suge<br />
central [sE~ntr´l] adj gude The central pillar is very strong<br />
Gude qamiddi kaxxa maqar le<br />
centralism [sE~ntr´lIzm] n fanteyna We are opposed to the<br />
centralism of our local affairs Rakaakay caagiida fanteynah<br />
gacisaanamak saduh nan<br />
centralize [sE~ntr´lAIz] v.tr fanteynah gacise They<br />
centralized the operations Eddaasiyo fanteynah gacisen<br />
century [sE~ntS´rI] n 1 wargibòolta A century is a hundred<br />
years Wargiboolti bool sanata 2 bòol saga In the <strong>English</strong><br />
game of cricket a player who scores a century is applauded<br />
Kirikit migaq le digiriy, Ingiliis digertal bool saga baaha<br />
numuh gaba yaaguren<br />
centurion [sEntju~´rI´n] n boolabba The centurion<br />
inspected the troops Boolabba qallalle yefeegede<br />
cereal [si~rIEl] n ambo / daro There are many kinds of<br />
cereals Ambo / Daro mango qaynatah tan White sorghum<br />
is one kind of cereal Tookari darok qaynatak teyna<br />
ceremony [sE~rIm´ni] n ictifaal (ictifaàla) / waynabo <br />
Yesterday a ceremony was held for students finishing school<br />
Kimal tubbarittok tumurruqe darsa sabbatah ictifaal yekke /<br />
waynabo tekke<br />
ceremonies, master of [mA~st´ ´v sE~rIm´niz] n silaalò abbìsà<br />
num (nùmu) The master of ceremonies oversees<br />
everything at the feast Silaalo abbisa num temqol kulliimih<br />
amo wagita<br />
certain [´ s‰~t´n] 1 det agiddaan / maysan I am looking for<br />
a certain man Agiddaan / Maysan num gorrisa A certain<br />
Musa is looking for you Agiddaan Muusa koo waa 2 adj<br />
diggà le The people expect a certain cure from our<br />
treatment Sahda ni daylak digga le urim geyaanam niyatta<br />
certain, be [bi s‰~t´n] adj ismite I am certain that my<br />
father will become president of the youth club Yi-abba<br />
dokon cangaddala akkelem asmiteh<br />
certain, make [mek s‰~t´n] v.tr ixmiqe; diggoyse Make<br />
certain that no revenge will be taken! Naag ane wayu waam<br />
ixmiq! Make certain that you are in no later than 8<br />
o’clock! Bacaarak raaqe waytu waytam diggos!<br />
certainly [s‰~t´nli] adv diggà luk / gùdunuh; diggaàk /<br />
gùdunuh Certainly I will go Anu diggà luk / gudunuh<br />
gexeyyo It was certainly not me who did it Woh abtem<br />
diggaak / gudunuh yoo hinna He is certainly quick Usuk<br />
diggaak sissikah<br />
44<br />
certainty [s‰~t´nti] n àsmat (àsmata) His coming is a<br />
certainty Kay mamut asmata His lying is a dead<br />
certainty Usuk dirab aceelem rabi-innah asmat le / Usuk<br />
dirab aceeleemih asmat rabi gide<br />
certificate [s´tI~fIk´t] n sumàq warkat (warkàta) Where is his<br />
birth certificate? Kaak ubka sumaaqih warkat ankel yan?<br />
certify [s‰~tIfAI] v.tr diggoyse / nummayse I certify that he<br />
came yesterday Anu usuk kimal yemeetem diggoysah /<br />
nummaysah<br />
cesarean section [sIzE~´ri´n sEkSn¢] 1 n bagì fakim (fakìmi) <br />
This woman gave birth by cesarean section A barra xalayal<br />
bagi fakimil xalisen 2 also caesarean<br />
chaff [tSA~f] n casùra Remove the chaff from the grain!<br />
Darok casura kal!<br />
chain [tSe~n] 1 n sìlsi; silsilat (silsilàta) She wears a gold<br />
chain round her neck Is dahab silsi fillat le We put a<br />
chain on our door at night Qaraafih alfentat bar silsilat<br />
hayna 2 v.tr bìrtal hee / silsilàtal hee They chain up<br />
prisoners Casbi mara birtal haan / silsilatal haan<br />
chair [tSE~´] n kòrsi He is always sitting in a chair Usuk<br />
uumman korsil daffeya<br />
chairman [tSE~´m´n] n caxassàqal (caxassàqala) Who is<br />
the chairman of the peace committee? Wagri marok<br />
caxassaqal iyyay?<br />
chalk [tSO~k] n barda; tabasiira The town of Dover has chalk<br />
cliffs Doofer deqsitta magaala barda le boolal le Writing<br />
with chalk made me cough Bardat / Tabasiirat abe kutbe<br />
kacuw yoo haysisse<br />
challenge [tSœ~l´ndZ] 1 n gutqo / carsa; murru His coming<br />
was a challenge to me Kay mamaata gutqo / carsa yoh tekke<br />
I faced his challenge Anu kay murruh garaye 2 v.tr<br />
murruse; carsiye I challenged him in the general<br />
knowledge competition Ixxigà kasih qalalah kaa murruseh<br />
I was challenged by his ability Usuk le duddah carsiye<br />
chameleon [k´mi~lI´n, S´mi~lI´n] n caacayyaàqubi / seehan<br />
(seehàna) The chameleon changes its colour to match its<br />
surroundings Caacayyaaqubi / Seehan elle yani-ikkeh bisu<br />
baaha<br />
champ [tSœ~mp] v.tr talqàm-exce Don’t champ your food<br />
when you eat Maaqo takme waqdi talqàm maxcin!<br />
champion [tSœ~mpI´n] n celem (celèmi) Abebe Bekele<br />
became the world’s champion long distance runner Abebe<br />
Bekila baadal xer ardih celem yekke<br />
chance [tSA~ns] 1 n saàmi He has a chance to become<br />
president Usuk baaxo cangaddala yakku waamih saami leh<br />
This is your last chance Tah koh illacabo saami 2 v.tr (+<br />
infin) cubè waak I chanced to see him Cube waak kaa<br />
ubleh<br />
change [tSe~ndZ] 1 v.tr 1 korise; libaake / milaage; ibiddile <br />
He changed his behaviour Usuk isi cal koriseh I changed<br />
the clothes I came home with, for others Buxah luk uduure
sarak aki sara libaake / milaage I am going to change my<br />
clothes Sara abiddilu waa 2 isrife Change this five<br />
thousand for me! A koona alfi yoh isrif! 2 v.intr korise <br />
His attitude towards me has changed Yi fanah le afkan usuk<br />
koriseh 3 n 1 kòrsa I saw a change in his behaviour<br />
Kaak calti korsa uble 2 sarfi I want change for this five<br />
thousand A koona alfih sarfi faxa<br />
changeable [tSe~ndZ´bl¢] adj korkorsima His behaviour is<br />
changeable Usuk korkorsima gexgexit le<br />
changeless [tSe~ndZl´s] adj koresìnna le The daily life of<br />
the nomads appears changeless Daharsitto marak uumman<br />
saakih mano koresinna lem celta<br />
channel [tSœ~nl¢] 1 n dooco / leegexa We dug a channel for<br />
the water Leeh dooco / leegexa cotne 2 v.tr doocise <br />
They channelled the goods to the needy Duyye calway le<br />
marih kabul doocisen<br />
chaos [ke~yÅs] n galamgalle If he is there, there will be chaos<br />
Usuk yenek tu-iyyaanam galamgalle aallele<br />
chaotic [ke~ÅtIk] adj boroorocite / dobollokite Things are<br />
chaotic since he returned Usuk yendebbeek lakal tuiyyaanam<br />
boroorocitteh / dobollokitteh<br />
chap 1 [tSœ~p] n.colloq yaalo Where did that chap come<br />
from? Woo yaalo akak yemeetem ankey?<br />
chap 2 [tSœ~p] v.tr baabaqise / siliiqise The cold chapped my<br />
lips Xamca sokaati yok baabaqisse / siliiqisse<br />
chapped [tSœ~pt] adj baabaqite / siliiqite My lips are<br />
chapped Sokaati yok baabaqitte / siliiqitte<br />
chapati [tS´pA~ti] n gasiita / gabidda We eat stew with<br />
chapatis Saalo gasiita / gabidda luk nakme<br />
chapter [tSœ~pt´] n mansayya How many chapters are there<br />
in this book? A buuk maakina mansayya le?<br />
character [kœ~rIkt´] n 1 caalat (caalàta) She has a nice<br />
character Is meqe caalat le 2 wara How many<br />
characters are there on this typewriter? A kutbeh makiina<br />
maakina wara le? 3 sahdàytu What an amusing character<br />
he is! Usuk manxa furkacat le sahdaytuy!<br />
characteristic [kœrIkt´rI~stIk] n sàlu One of the<br />
characteristics of these people is that they are always<br />
singing A marak saluk teyni uumman gad abaanama<br />
characterize [kœ~rIkt´rAIz] v.tr weelise Warm hospitality<br />
characterizes them Qibnaytiino warray ken weelissah<br />
charcoal [tSA~kol] n fàcmi Coffee made on a charcoal fire<br />
has the best taste Facmi giral facisen buni yayse tamu le<br />
charge [tSA~dZ] 1 v.tr 1 ...-l eexege; ...-k bee / ...-k essere <br />
He charged me too much for the taxi Usuk taksit gufsah<br />
temeexegeemik biso yol yeexegeh How much did he<br />
charge you? Usuk maa gide kok bee / kok essere? 2 haysite<br />
What are you charging him with? Maca kaat haysitta? 3<br />
warare The cavalry charged the town Farasal yan macaxi<br />
magaala warare 2 n 1 noòli The flight charge was too<br />
much for me Tayyaara nooli yi duddak bisoh yen 2 geyto,<br />
45<br />
kàdu, wayto I laid a charge against him Geyto / Kadu /<br />
Wayto kaak ece 3 dadho The charge made by the police<br />
at the demonstrators was unnecessary Boliis uluuluka marat<br />
abte dadho faxxiimak masuginna<br />
charge, be in [bi In tSA~dZ] v.intr abbah ene / abbise Who<br />
is in charge here? Akkel abbah tanim iyyay / Akke abbissam<br />
iyyay?<br />
charge of, be in [bi In tSA~dZ ´v] prep.v.tr abbise Hasan is<br />
in charge of arrangements Casan tubbica abbisa<br />
charge of, take [te~k tSA~dZ ´v] v.tr abbise / loynise Take<br />
charge of this work for me until I return! Anu aduurem<br />
fanah a taama abbis! / loynis!<br />
charisma [k´rI~zm´] n hàybat (hàybata) A person with<br />
charisma can influence others Haybat le num sinam isi<br />
kasah hayisam duudah<br />
charity [tSœ~rIti] n 1 meqelletiino His charity is well-known<br />
Kay meqelletiino timixxigeh tan 2 lillà massoyna /<br />
meqemabòot (meqemabòotu) That organisation is a<br />
charity Woo massoyna lilla massoyna / meqemabootu<br />
charitable [tSœ~rIt´bl¢] adj gabaccàboot le That woman is<br />
charitable Woo barra gabaccaboot le<br />
charm [tSA~m] 1 n 1 xagàr kitab (kitaàba) Charms are put<br />
on the arms Xagar kitab caraayat haan 2 meqellata His<br />
charm is irresistible Kay meqellatah yasseediyeenim<br />
maduudan 2 v.tr tammoowe The visitor’s friendliness<br />
charmed them Qibnayti meqemariino keenit tammowteh<br />
charming [tSA~mIN] adj lèedis le My sister is charming Yi<br />
maqanxa leedis le<br />
chart [tSA~t] n kàrta His temperature is recorded on the chart<br />
Kay xagarih laqna takkeh gide kartal tunkuttube Sailors<br />
have charts to plot their sea passage Bacriya baddi gitih<br />
afkan taaxaguh karta lon<br />
charter [tSA~t´] 1 n madqa The government drew up a new<br />
charter for the workers Doolat taamita marah qusba madqa<br />
mudde 2 v.tr kirise We will charter a bus to take us<br />
Nanu otibus nee beytuh kirisenno<br />
chase [tSe~s] v.tr eyredde Many people chased the thief<br />
Garqa mango mari yeyredde<br />
chase off [tSe~s Åf] phr.v.tr xiiriye I chased the goats off<br />
our compound Ni gasok wadar xiiriye also: chase away<br />
chasm [kœ~zm] n fàqu The earthquake left a chasm in its<br />
wake Baaxoh angoyyi ardi faqu luk cabe<br />
chaste [tSe~st] adj ìbat ene / saròt ene That girl is chaste<br />
Woo baxuwwa ibat tan / sarot tan<br />
chastity [tSœ~stItI] n fidòh angaarow abe waanam (waanàma)<br />
Chastity before marriage is best for everyone Digibik<br />
dumal fidoh angaarow abe waanam kulli numuh tayse<br />
chastize [tSœstA~Iz] v.tr sahite The parents chastized him for<br />
his bad behaviour Kay gexgexitih umaanek xaleyna kaa<br />
sahitte<br />
C
C<br />
chat [tSœ~t] 1 v.intr haasawe / walale We spent the early<br />
evening chatting Carri bar haasawak / walalak kassowne <br />
Our friends chatted with the landlord this evening Carri bar<br />
ni kataysis qari loyna luk haasawte / walalte 2 n wàlal<br />
(wàlala) The chat we had about our experiences made us<br />
homesick Ninni abitikxaagitit abne walal baaxoh maxhaxal<br />
nee yece<br />
chatter [tSœ~t´] 1 v.intr 1 liicite Ali chatters in school Qali<br />
iskoolal liicita 2 n wàlal (wàlala) What is this chatter?<br />
Ah maa walalay? 2 kadiidimite My teeth are chattering<br />
because of the cold Waacak gexxaamah qaxi yok<br />
kadiidimitah<br />
chauffeur [So~f´] n baabùr beyeena / sofeer (sofeèri) The<br />
President’s chauffeur is from his own tribe Ummuunoh<br />
abbah baabur beyeena / sofeer kaak kedoyta<br />
cheap [tSi~p] adj 1 limòk addah ene / rakiìsih ene; lakqòk<br />
addah ene / ruksìh ene Bring me a cheap dress! Limok<br />
addah yan / Rakiisih yan kamiis yoh bah! Cheap things are<br />
usually of poor quality Lakqok addah tan / Ruksih tan duyye<br />
mangih, maddat dagiina le<br />
cheapen [tSi~pn¢] v.tr qakkoyise Swearing cheapens the<br />
swearer Qaybi qangor yaabah haysitam num qakkossa<br />
cheat [tSit]~ 1 v.tr lawise He cheated me at cards Usuk<br />
turub digiril yoo lawise 2 n lawiseèna / makòyta He is a<br />
well-known cheat Usuk yimixxige lawiseena / makoyta<br />
cheat out of [tSit A~Ut ´v]~ prep.v.tr ...-k make He cheated<br />
me out of 5,000 francs Usuk koona alfi faranka yok make<br />
check [tSE~k] 1 v.tr efeegede The supervisor checked my<br />
work Amowagte taama yok yefeegede We checked the<br />
goods received against the order sheet Tabisne duyye elle<br />
absisne kaayima luk nefeegede 2 n kinnàaneh aydalaalaqa<br />
The police carried out a check of the passengers Boliis<br />
gexentittet kinnaaneh aydalaalaqa abte<br />
check over [tSE~k o~v´] phr.v.tr sifàwàgit ...-t abe The<br />
doctor checked me over Daktoor sifawagit yot abe<br />
check-up [tSE~k-øp] n sifàwàgit (sifawàgiti) I went to the<br />
doctor’s for a check-up Anu daktoorul sifawagitih gexe<br />
check 1 adj kutuutùbin My sister likes check patterned<br />
material Yi maqanxa kutuutubin welu le sara kicina<br />
cheek 2 [tSi~k] 1 n xàban (xàbana) / xebes (xebèsi) I kissed<br />
her on the cheek Anu xaban / xebes teetik fugute Her<br />
cheeks flushed through modesty Cayah xaban teetik<br />
qassoowe 2 expression What a cheek! Ces kok!<br />
cheeky [tSi~ki] adj adbisinna le He’s a cheeky boy Usuk<br />
adbisinna le awka<br />
cheer [tSi~´] v.tr 1 agiirise We cheered the winning side<br />
Tayse exxa agiirisneh 2 aydakumuse The news you<br />
brought has cheered me Atu bahte xaagi yoo aydakumuse<br />
cheer up [tSi~´ - ø~p] 1 phr.v.tr aydakumuse We cheered<br />
him up out of his dejection Edde suge niyaddaacak yassaqqu<br />
kaa aydakumusne 2 phr.v.intr aydakume Come on, cheer<br />
46<br />
up! Hayye hay! is aydakum!<br />
cheerful [tSi~´fl¢] adj nafiìsik ene He was cheerful in spite<br />
of his disease Madarrat le wakay takkay, nafiisik yene<br />
cheerfulness [tSi~´f´ln´s] n nuuco His cheerfulness<br />
encourages us Kay nuuco niya net hayta<br />
cheerless [tSi~´l´s] adj noorìs màli Our house is cheerless<br />
Ni qari nooris mali<br />
cheerlessness [tSi~´l´snEs] n noorìs sinna The<br />
cheerlessness of his place makes him dull Kay aracih nooris<br />
sinna kaa gamoomissa<br />
cheese [tSi~z] n cantì hobbo We eat bread and cheese in the<br />
evening Canti hobbo kee gaqambo carri bar xagna<br />
chemistry [kE~mIstrI] n kiimiyà qilmi He is learning<br />
chemistry Usuk kiimiya qilmit yan<br />
chemical [kE~mIkl¢] 1 n kiimiyà qaynoota What<br />
chemicals are in this water? A leeh addat maa kiimiya<br />
qaynoota geytimta? 2 adj kiimiya A chemical change<br />
took place Kiimiya milaagi yekke<br />
chemist [kE~mIst] n caxà dageena I brought this medicine<br />
from the chemist A diwa caxa dageenak baahe<br />
cherish [tSE~rIS] v.tr leedise I cherish the memory of my<br />
dear friend Yi meqe kataysah kassit leedisah<br />
cherished [tSE~rISt] adj assàkat le Freedom of speech is a<br />
cherished right in this country Yaxxacceenimih hurriyat a<br />
baaxol assakat le cakki<br />
cherry [tSE~ri] n kusra Cherries are out in Spring Kusra<br />
Sugumut xalta<br />
chest [tSE~st] n 1 alil (aliìli); sorkoco That man’s chest is<br />
broad Woo numuk alil fidninih He has a pain in his<br />
lower chest Usuk alil gabilit biyak le The heart and lungs<br />
are located in the chest Sorkocoh addat lubbi kee gabuulo<br />
geytimta 2 gìffa-inta sandug (sandùgu) A chest holds a lot<br />
of things Gìffa-inta sandug duyyek mangom tabbixe<br />
chest of drawers [tSE~st ´v drO~z] n kabàt raawit (raawìti) <br />
The chest of drawers fitted into the empty space Kabat<br />
raawit kaawak suge aracat bice<br />
chew [tSu~] v.tr ecete / etece Chew your food well before<br />
swallowing! Maaqo tanxuqek duma meqennah ecet! / etec!<br />
chewing gum [tSu~wIN gøm] n miira Speaking with<br />
chewing gum in the mouth is impolite Afat miira luk<br />
yaabaanam adabi mali<br />
chick [tSI~k] n.pl dorrahibbaxa The mother hen protects her<br />
chicks Dorrahiyta dorrahixxaylo gamissa<br />
chicken [tSI~kIn] n dorrahi We will eat chicken today A<br />
saaku dorrahi akmenno<br />
chicken pox [tSI~kIn pÅks] n guduf (gudùfu) Chicken pox is<br />
an infectious disease Guduf tabu le biyaaka<br />
chicken out [tSI~kIn A~Ut] phr.v.intr ...-t gace, ...-t uduure <br />
Don’t chicken out from our pact! Tìtta elle geyneemit<br />
magacin / Titta elle geyneemit maadaarin!
chief [tSi~f] 1 n reedàntu; abba The chief settled their<br />
dispute Ken muggudih mablo reedanti abe The chief of<br />
our clan is a real sage Ni xaalah abba kaxxa kasloyta 2 adj<br />
naharsiinò le; saqal (saqàla) Ethiopia is one of the chief<br />
producers of coffee Itiyobbiya buni murtil naharsiino le<br />
baaxok tiyak teena They made my uncle the chief judge<br />
Yi qammi garkurah saqal aben<br />
chiefly [tSi~flI] adv xèflih He lives chiefly in Gawani<br />
Usuk xeflih Gawwaanil daffeya Cooking in the<br />
countryside is done chiefly using wood Barril maaqo xeflih<br />
bocol alaysan<br />
child [tSA~Ild] n bàxa Whose child is this? Ah iyyin baxay?<br />
children [tSI~ldr´n] n.irr.pl xaylo; ùrru; alaaqa / canxoòwa <br />
How many children have you? Xaylok maa gide lito? The<br />
children’s noise kept me from sleep Urri wexxeqto xin yoo<br />
waysisse There are many young children in that section<br />
Woo caafatal alaaqa / canxoowi mangoh<br />
childhood [tSA~Ildhød] n qunxà mariino; mangacànna He<br />
grew up from childhood in the country Usuk qunxa<br />
mariinook barril cate He was already spoiled during<br />
childhood Kaa mangacannal elle hatkisen<br />
childish [tSA~IldIS] adj mangacanna, urriino Don’t be<br />
childish! Mangacanna cab! / Urriino cab!<br />
childishness [tSA~IldISn´s] n mangacanna The<br />
childishness of her talk annoyed me Tet yaabih mangacanna<br />
yoo tiskikkiqeh<br />
childless [tSA~Ildl´s] adj xaylò mali The childless couple<br />
are very hospitable Xaylo sinni baqla kee barra naba<br />
qibnaytiino le<br />
childlessness [tSA~Ildl´sn´s] n xalày sinnaane <br />
Childlessness is difficult for them Xalay sinnaane keenil<br />
gibdih<br />
child, as a [´z ´ tSA~Ild] adv.phr qùnxih I learnt to read as<br />
a child Anu kiriyaati qunxih barite<br />
chill [tSI~l] 1 v.tr xabbacoose Chill this food in the frig! A<br />
maaqo galasseerit xabbacos! 2 n wacticùla I caught a<br />
chill Wacticula liyo<br />
chilly [tSI~li] adj waacite; wàc le If you feel chilly, light<br />
the fire! Waacittek gira urusit! It’s chilly in here Akke<br />
wac le<br />
chilli [tSI~li] n barbare / dukkus (dukkùsu) Don’t overdo the<br />
chilli powder in the stew! Barbare / Dukkus saalot<br />
maymaggin!<br />
chin [tSI~n] n deben (debèni) His chin juts out Deben kaak<br />
suuxut le<br />
China [tSA~In´] n Siinabbaaxo They import tea from China<br />
Siinabbaaxok saahi absiisan<br />
china n siina We drink tea in china cups Nanu saahi<br />
siina kobbaayal naaqube<br />
chip [tSI~p] 1 v.tr oysorooroce They chipped the stones to<br />
make them even for house building Qari xisneh xeet inki<br />
caddol yaysorooroocen 2 n 1 buùra Fires are ignited<br />
47<br />
using chips Gira buurat urusan 2 gasilo When I fell<br />
down a chip broke off my tooth Innikise waqdi moddinik<br />
gasilo yok tiddigilleh 3 laqlaqìn bataata I like chips with<br />
my meat Cado luk laqlaqin bataata kiciyyo 4 wassìqtu A<br />
computer chip performs special operations Kombiyuuter<br />
wassiqti dooren abto le<br />
chirp [tS‰~p] 1 v.intr kikkiiqise The birds chirp early in the<br />
morning Kimbiro maaca kikkiiqissa 2 n kikkiiqo What<br />
bird chirp is that? Woh maa kimbiroh kikkiiqoy?<br />
chisel [tSI~zl¢] n mafras (mafràsa) / oreyna The carpenter<br />
fashioned the wood with a chisel Lucti naggaar luc mafrasat<br />
/ oreynat massoyise<br />
chock-full [tSÅ~k-fUl] pred.adj tiqòt tan My case is chock-full<br />
Santa yok tiqot tan<br />
chocolate [tSÅ~k´l´t, tSÅ~kl´t] n sokoola The French drink milk<br />
chocolate for breakfast Faransaawi miidikalo sokoola le can<br />
nakta<br />
choice [tSO~Is] 1 n doorit (doorìti) I don’t think much of his<br />
choice Kay doorit tuh mayyu / maloowita 2 adj fùla le <br />
The house he lives in is very choice Usuk elle daffeya qari<br />
nabaam fula le<br />
choke [tSo~k] 1 v.intr ...-t sirkite Because he stuffed his<br />
mouth with food the boy choked Awki maaqok af kibeemih<br />
sabbatah maaqot sirkiteh I was choking on water Leet<br />
sirkiteh 2 v.tr quxuuse The bad man tried to choke me<br />
Umeeni yoo quxuusam gabbate 3 n sansì ruubeyna Push<br />
the choke in when the car is going well! Baabur nagay gexxa<br />
waqdi sansi ruubeyna gacis!<br />
choker [tSo~k´] n baada The bride wore a gold choker<br />
Qibna dahab baada hayte<br />
cholera [kÅ~l´r´]~ n koleera Cholera is a disease spread<br />
through dirty water Koleera toome leek yamaate lakima<br />
chomp [tSÅ~mp] v.tr cf champ<br />
choose [tSu~z] v.tr doore He chose to learn <strong>English</strong> Ingiliis af<br />
baritam doorite Choose a good book for me! Meqe buuk<br />
yoh door!<br />
chop [tSÅ~p] v.tr fellaqise We chopped wood for the fire<br />
Girah boco fellaqisne<br />
chop up [tSÅ~p øp] v.tr irgiggiqe; kitife, irgiqe Chop the dry<br />
branch up for the fire! Girah kafin ludda irgiggiq! We<br />
chopped up the onions, the potatoes and the meat Nanu<br />
basal kitifneh, bataata kee cado nirgiqeh<br />
chorus [ko~r´s] 1 n 1 gàd abeenit (abeenìti) He is a<br />
member of the chorus Usuk gad abeenitik adoyta 2<br />
amoggàcsa Everyone sings the chorus Gadak amoggacsa<br />
kulli num yakkuqeh 2 v.tr guùmah ukkuqe People chorus<br />
the last word spoken in court Sinam mablol yaabak illacabo<br />
qangara guumah yakkuqen<br />
Christ [krA~Ist] n Masiic (Masiìci) Christ loves people Masiic<br />
sinam kicina<br />
Christian [krI~stS´n] n Masiìctu True Christians obey the<br />
C
C<br />
word of their Lord Numma numma Masiictit isinni Rabbih<br />
yaabah rammitaanah<br />
Christianity [krIstiœ~nItI] n Masiicinna Christianity is a<br />
faith based on the teaching of Christ Masiicinni Masiic<br />
barsal soola diini<br />
Christmas [krI~sm´s] n Kirismas (Kirismaàsa) Christmas is<br />
the time Christians remember the birth of Christ Kirismas,<br />
Masiictit, Masiic ubka edde kassitta ayro<br />
chronic [krÅ~nIk] adj qaffootewày le; cabewày le He used to<br />
run even though he had chronic asthma Qaffooteway le<br />
isibbi le wakay takkay, usuk arda abak yen In many<br />
African countries there is chronic drought Mango Afriikah<br />
baaxooxal cabeway le qabar yan<br />
chronology [kr´nÅ~l´dZI] n yaakumìk ciggiil (ciggiìli) His<br />
statement is a chronology of events Kay maxco tekkeemik<br />
yaakumik ciggiilil tan<br />
chronological [krÅn´lÅ~dZIkl¢] adj yaakumìk ciggiile The<br />
narration of historical dates should be chronological<br />
Aydaadal tu edde tekke waktih gabbaq yaakumik ciggiilel<br />
yakkem faxximta<br />
chuckle [tSø~kl¢] v.intr kanaanacite / kikiicite What are you<br />
chuckling about? Macal kanaanacitta / kikiicitta?<br />
chum [tSø~m] n wadàytu He and his chum are inseparable<br />
Kaa kee kay wadaytu tittak mabaxsimta<br />
church [tS‰~tS] n 1 Yaàsusul taamino The church consists of<br />
those who truly believe the words of Jesus Yaasusul<br />
taamino kay yab numma kinniimil yaamine mara 2 kaniisa<br />
A church is the place where Christians worship Kaniisa<br />
akak iyyaanam Masiictit qibaada qari<br />
churn [tS‰~n] v.tr ruke We churn milk to make butter Mutuk<br />
nayyaaquh can rukna<br />
chute [Su~t] n sontoloolocisà boorim (boorìmi) They threw<br />
the rubbish down the chute Guddaafa sontoloolocisa<br />
boorimik qiden<br />
cicada [sIkA~d´] n cagayfìrriq (cagayfìrriiqi) Cicadas sing<br />
ceaselessly Cagayfirriq gabaak warrìq-iyya<br />
cigarette [sI~g´rEt, sIgrE~t] n sigaara Smoking cigarettes<br />
causes disease Sigaara maqab biyak sinaamat qida<br />
cinders [sI~nd´z] n.pl xikcino Light the fire from the cinders!<br />
Xikcinok gira urus!<br />
cinema [sI~nIm´] n sinimà qari The cinema is in the centre of<br />
the town Sinima qari magaalak gudet raaqa<br />
cinnamon [sI~n´m´n] n karfa Cinnamon is used in boiling<br />
water to which tea leaves have been added Karfa facta leeh<br />
addat saahit yasgallen<br />
circle [s‰~kl¢] n maròyta The people present sat round in a<br />
circle Gaaboowe mari maroytah daffeyen<br />
circular [s‰~kjul´] adj maroyti They perfect the circular<br />
shape of the round house Daboytak maroyti weelo<br />
yaymaaqen<br />
48<br />
circulate [s‰~kjulet] 1 v.intr tìttal tabantabe At parties<br />
people circulate for conversation Xigla elle takke-ikkel<br />
sinam walalah tittal tabantabta 2 v.tr tabtabise They<br />
circulated the good news Oson meqe xaagu tabtabisen<br />
circulation [s‰kjule~Sn¢] n 1 gexaygàco His blood<br />
circulation is poor Xagarat qabali gexaygaco boola kaak le<br />
2 tabantabta The money in circulation is dirty and needs<br />
replacing Tabantabta lakqoy, xarbitte, milaagaanam<br />
faxximta<br />
circumcize [s‰~k´msAIz] v.tr andòyta kale / saloote They<br />
circumcised the boy on the eighth day Àwkak bacarhaytoh<br />
ayrol andoyta kalen / Àwka bacarhaytoh ayrol salooten<br />
circumcized [s‰~k´msAIzd] adj saloote A party was held<br />
for the circumcized boys Salooten lab urruh waynabo aben<br />
circumcision [s‰~kømsIZn¢] n salot (saloòtu) Circumcision<br />
should be left to those who know how to do it properly<br />
Salot abu yaaxige maral cabaanam tayse<br />
circumference [s‰kø~mfr´ns] n maroytì maraasiyo What is<br />
the circumference of the plastic disk? Balastikik aben diskik<br />
maroyti maraasiyo maa gide takke?<br />
circumstance [s‰~k´mstœns] n bìca; gùrra / wacàli My<br />
circumstances are average Bici yok fanaafanah yan; Under<br />
those circumstances I will not go with you (pl) Woo gurri /<br />
wacali edde yenek siinil luk magexa<br />
cirrus [sI~r´s] n darur (darùru) There is no rain in cirrus<br />
clouds Darur qamburre rob mali<br />
cistern [sI~st´n] n birkat (birkàta) Our cistern leaks Ni birkat<br />
lee xoyaysah<br />
citizen [sI~tIzn¢] n agàt baxa / baaxò baxa The citizens are<br />
proud of their leader Agat xaylo / Baaxo xaylo isinni abbal<br />
kaxxiinittah<br />
city [sI~tI] n magaala Which city do you live in? Atu dabqi<br />
elle litom maa magaalay?<br />
civet cat [sI~vIt] n adòyla A civet cat resembles a leopard<br />
but is smaller Adoyli kabqi ceela-immay, kaak qunxah<br />
civil [sI~v´l, sI~vl¢] adj maqaafat / muquk Even though you<br />
can’t stand him, be civil to him! Atu kaa qansiise<br />
waytaamah maqaafat / muquk kaal luk gex!<br />
civil action [sIvl¢ œ~kSn¢ ¢] n geyto I brought a civil action<br />
against him Geyto kaak ece<br />
civil law [sIvl¢ lO~] n gàbaqasa madqa Civil law is<br />
exercised by the council Gabaqasa madqa miglis adoytitte<br />
abinal asissa<br />
civility [sIvI~lIti] n 1 adabì maqaane His civility is wellknown<br />
Kay adabih maqaane timixxige 2 nagaahinna <br />
After civilities they got down to business Nagaahinnak<br />
lakal yimixxige caagidit culen<br />
civilian [sIvI~lI´n] n gabaqasàytu Civilians object to<br />
military rule Gabaqasa qaskar xinto saddah<br />
civilize [sI~v´lAIz] v.tr gexgexìt uydule; xintò gexgexsite They<br />
civilized them Oson gexgexit keenik yuydulen Civilizing
equires many years Xinto gexgexsit mango sanoota faxa<br />
civilization [sIvlAIze~Sn¢] n magàalit (magàaliti) <br />
Civilization is not achieved without education Tubbaritto<br />
maliinoh magaalit arac maxaga<br />
claim [kle~m] 1 v.tr exxeece / warsite; loowite / ...-l soole <br />
He claims to be clever Usuk turraqsa lem, yaxxaace / warsita<br />
I came to claim my rights Inni cakki loowituh emeete /<br />
Inni cakkil sooluh emeete 2 n magaada He put in a<br />
claim for asylum Usuk meglo magaada xayyoose She put<br />
in a claim for better conditions Is tayse manoh magaada<br />
xayyosse<br />
claimant [kle~m´nt] n gàrli The claimant entered the<br />
court Garli mackamat cule<br />
clammy [klœ~mi] adj qibbiide I feel clammy when it is<br />
humid Anu hawah uynan yan waqdi qibbiidita<br />
clamminess [klœ~mIn´s] n qìbbiid (qìbbiidi) The present<br />
clamminess is wearing A way yan qibbiid num taanisa<br />
clamp [klœ~mp] v.tr morsàt eysebeebexe The carpenter<br />
clamped together the two pieces of wood he wanted to join<br />
Lucti naggaar tittak xakbisam faxa namma luc morsat<br />
yeysebeebexe<br />
clan [klœ~n] n daala Amongst the <strong>Afar</strong> each clan cares for<br />
its members Qafar addal kulli daala isi marat ayti le<br />
clang [klœ~N] 1 v.intr kallùw-exce When two pieces of iron<br />
bang against each other they clang Namma birti tittat booda<br />
waqdi kallùw-iyya 2 n kalluwto What caused that clang<br />
in the machinery? A makayinih addah kalluwto macak tene?<br />
clap [klœ~p] 1 v.intr gabà oogore The young girls clapped<br />
when the bride appeared Baxuw qibna tumbulle waqdi gaba<br />
yoogore 2 n gabahùgra They gave a good clap for the<br />
singer Oson gadabeh gìffa-inta gabahugra aben<br />
clarify [klœ~rIfAI] v.tr baxxaaqise; uyxuxxuure Clarify the<br />
situation for me! Tu-elle taninna yoh baxxaqis! Butter is<br />
clarified by heating and water is clarified by filtering<br />
Mutuk laqsal yayxuxxuuren, lee sarol yayxuxxuureenih<br />
clarification [klœrIfIke~Sn¢] n addafakoot (addafakoòtu) /<br />
baxxaqqa Clarification of this message is necessary A<br />
farmoh addafakoot faxxiima / baxxaqqa faxximta<br />
clarity [klœ~rIti] n 1 baxxaqqa He spoke with clarity Usuk<br />
baxxaqqa luk yaabe 2 sila The clarity of the water in the<br />
bottle is wonderful Karaaratat tan leeh sila manna meqe<br />
clash [klœ~S] v.intr 1 ...-t boode We aren’t of the same mind<br />
so we clashed Inkim manacsubay, tittat boodne 2 titta<br />
màbeya, tìttal màgexa The colours of her dress and shawl<br />
clash Tet kamiis kee makalbah bisi titta mabeya / tittal<br />
magexa<br />
class [klA~s] 1 n 1 kino What class of verb is this? A abini<br />
maa kinot yan? 2 ranko The nobles are the upper class<br />
and the common people are the lower class Magas fàyyainta<br />
rankoy, cuggi ràmma-inta ranko 3 fàsli What class<br />
have you reached in school? Iskoolak maa fasli toofe? 2<br />
49<br />
v.tr loowite; ...-t hee We classed them as intruders<br />
Amokrado marak ken loowitne A girl of thirteen may be<br />
classed as of marriageable age Taban kee sidiica karma le<br />
awkà digibit hayte baxuwwa iyyan<br />
classmate [klA~smet] n faslì wadaytu He is my classmate<br />
Usuk yok fasli wadaytu<br />
classroom [klA~srum] n fàsli The naughty boy was sent<br />
outside the classroom Matba le awka faslik afah yeyyeeqen<br />
classify [klœ~sIfAI] 1 v.tr ellè kuraabiye What rules apply to<br />
classify achievements? Agdab elle kuraabiyan madqooqa<br />
maca tan? 2 pass kuraabime Each one is classified<br />
according to his ability Kulli num le duddol kuraabime<br />
classified [klœ~sIfAId] adj sìrri le This information is<br />
classified A xaagit sirri le<br />
classification [klœsIfIke~Sn¢] n kuraabiyo If you want to<br />
learn the classification of words consult the grammar!<br />
Qangor kuraabiyo barittam faxxek yabti rakiiboh buuk wagit!<br />
clatter [klœ~t´] 1 v.tr kaluwluwuse She clattered the dishes<br />
as she washed them Is sacuun kaluwluwusak kaqlisse 2 n<br />
kalluwto Who disturbed our peace by that clatter? Woo<br />
kalluwtot amo net qiddem iyyay?<br />
clause [klO~z] n maxco; ascòssa A clause is a group of words<br />
which make sense together Maxco akak innam qangor<br />
hortay, maqna leh iyya There is an important clause in<br />
the agreement Tittingeyit kulsa le ascossi yan<br />
clavicle [klœ~vIkl¢] n koorì lafa When the boy fell from the<br />
tree he broke his clavicle Awki caxak elle rade-ikkel koori<br />
lafa kaak tiddigille<br />
claw [klO~] 1 n 1 liico; lifiq (lifiìqi) The claws of a crab are<br />
sold Cerkak liico xaamaana Lions and eagles have sharp<br />
claws Lubak kee qawi af le lifiiqa le 2 v.tr lifìq hee <br />
Don’t claw me! Lifiq yot mahan!<br />
claw one's way [klO~ wønz we~] idiom bàgut akah arite I<br />
clawed my way to my desired goal Niyaate madma bagut<br />
akah aritak gufe<br />
clay [kle~] n kalla Pots are made from clay Kallak gacoolit<br />
aban<br />
clean [kli~n] 1 adj karqè le / nadiifik ene Bring me a clean<br />
cloth! Karqe le / Nadiifik tan calagto yoh baahey! 2 fig<br />
gìtah uduure The man who was a thief became clean<br />
Garqah suge num gitah yuduure 3 v.tr duuge Clean the<br />
floor with a cloth! Calagtot baax dug!<br />
cleanliness [klE~nlIn´s] n nadaafat (nadaafàta) We teach<br />
them what cleanliness means Nadaafat kinnim ken barisna<br />
cleanness [kli~nn´s] n nadaafat (nadaafàta) Who is<br />
responsible for the cleanness of this house? A qarih<br />
nadaafat iyyin fillal yan?<br />
cleanse [klE~nz] v.tr naggoose Cleanse your mind of evil<br />
thoughts! Amo uma macsabak is naggos!<br />
clear [klI~´] 1 adj 1 saytùn mabla le They made the<br />
window of clear glass Taagat saytun mabla le mereyyak<br />
C
C<br />
bicisen 2 qado What you said is not clear to me Atu<br />
intem yoh maqado 3 foyyàh ene I want a clear space for<br />
my things Yi duyyeh foyyah yan arac faxa 2 v.tr 1 kale <br />
Clear all these things from here! A duyye inkih akkek kal! 2<br />
naddoose The court cleared his name Mabloccaxa migaq<br />
kaak naddosse<br />
clear, become v.intr qaddoowe What you said has<br />
become clear to me Atu intem yoh qaddowte<br />
clear a/the way v.tr.phr gìta wahanise The police cleared<br />
a way for the Queen Boliis Malikah gita wahanisse<br />
clear up 1 v.tr daanise Children should be taught to<br />
clear up their things Urri isinni duyye daanisaanam<br />
baritaanam faxximtah 2 v.intr gayràn fakise We hope the<br />
weather will clear up Nanu hawak gayran fakisam fanxa<br />
clearly [klI~´lI] adv qàduuk; nummaak The teacher<br />
explained the calculation very clearly Kabir cisab nagay<br />
qaduuk baxxaqise Clearly, this sort of behaviour will not<br />
do Nummaak, a bis le gexgexit bica mali<br />
cleft [klE~ft] n forqo He hid himself in a cleft in the rock<br />
Usuk baladak forqot yombooqore<br />
cleft palate [klEft pœ~l´t] n qangàr forqo He has a cleft<br />
palate Usuk qangar forqo le<br />
clench [klE~ntS] v.tr tìttal hee Don’t clench your teeth! Qaxa<br />
tittat mahan!<br />
clenched fist [klE~ntSt fI~st] n kumbuuqus (kumbuuqùsu) <br />
Ali floored the man he fought using his clenched fist Qali<br />
lih yoome num kumbuuqusut yinkiseh<br />
clerk [klA~k] n kattaab (kattaàba) The clerk records things on<br />
paper Kattaab tekkem warkatal raaqisa<br />
clever [klE~v´] adj turràqsa le He is clever at learning Usuk<br />
tubbarittol turraqsa le<br />
cleverness [klE~v´n´s] n misinkicà dudda I am surprised<br />
at her cleverness Anu tet misinkicah duddal cakkumute<br />
click [klI~k] v.intr kàq-exce The key clicked turning in the<br />
lock Kofli addat maken maftac kàq-iyye<br />
cliff [klI~f] n boolo / heer (heèri) The car fell over the cliff<br />
Baabur boolok / heerik radde<br />
climate [klA~Im´t] n hawa What kind of climate has<br />
Djibouti? Yabuuti mannah tan hawa le?<br />
climb [klA~Im] 1 v.tr ewqe / feere I climbed the mountain<br />
Qale ewqe / feere; Children love climbing trees Urri coox<br />
feeram kicina 2 n fèrta That climb was dangerous Woo<br />
ferti katar luk suge<br />
climber [klA~Im´] n feereèna; fèrta le He is a famous<br />
mountain climber Usuk yamixxige qale feereena; Some<br />
plants are climbers Caxak caxfexxak tu ferta leela<br />
climbing [klA~ImiN] n fèrta; mawqa Climbing this<br />
mountain is easy A qaleh ferti / mawqa xamcinih; Climbing<br />
is difficult for women Ferti agabul gibdih<br />
climb aboard [klA~Im ´bOd] v.intr How many people<br />
climbed aboard the ship? Markabat maakina num feere?<br />
50<br />
cling [klI~N] v.tr kafe A small frightened child clings to his<br />
mother’s clothes Meysita awkibaxi ina sarot kafa fig One<br />
who clings (on) to his own ideas won’t change them Isi<br />
tumabulut kafa num isi mabla makorisa<br />
clinic [klI~nIk] n kilinik (kilinìki) The nurse keeps his clinic<br />
beautifully clean Madaawise elle taamita kilinik kaxxam<br />
meqe nadaafatal yabbixe<br />
clip [klI~p] 1 v.tr 1 hire / sire I want you to clip my hair<br />
Amo xagorta yoh hirtam / sirtam kok faxa 2 diise I<br />
clipped the boy’s ear for his bad talk Uma yaabat yaabeemih<br />
àwkak xag diise 2 n 1 biim (biìmi) She wears a hair clip<br />
Is amot biim le 2 mabbaxèyna I fastened the papers<br />
together with a clip Waraakit tittat mabbaxeynat iysibbixeh<br />
clitoris [klI~t´rIs] n gamfal (gamfàla) / kantar (kantàra) /<br />
kimbìxxa It is unnecessary to clip the clitoris Gamfal /<br />
Kantar / Kimbixxa yargiqeenim mafaxximta<br />
cloak [klo~k] 1 n kabba Women wear a cloak for beauty<br />
Bilqah agabi kabba haysita 2 v.tr usture She cloaked her<br />
feelings Is tessellenna tustureh<br />
clock [klÅ~k] n saaqat (saaqàta) They fasten the clock to the<br />
wall Gidaarat saaqat waxeexisan<br />
clock on, clock out v.intr culmassaaqat hee, mawqassaaqat<br />
hee Workers clock on upon arrival at work, and clock out<br />
when they leave Taamita mamaatal culmassaaqatay, gexol<br />
mawqassaaqat hayta<br />
close 1 [klo~s] adj xayyoowe; ellexàyi; kiqkìiqit ene The time<br />
for his coming is close Usuk edde yamaatu waa wakti<br />
xayyooweh Have you a close friend? Atu ellexayi kataysa<br />
lito? It is close today A saaku kiqkiiqit yan<br />
close by [klos ba~I] adv xayi-ikket The shop is close by<br />
Dokkaan xayi-ikket yan<br />
close together [klos t´gE~D´] adv tìttal xayih Our houses<br />
are close together Buxaaxi nek tittal xayih<br />
close 2 [klo~z] v.tr 1 alife; alfime; gacise Close the door! Afa<br />
alif! The discussion was closed by his speech Kay<br />
qangaral yab alfimeh Closing the borders was difficult for<br />
them Caydu alifaanam keenil tigibdeh Close the double<br />
doors! Afak namma alfenta tittal gacis!<br />
close down [klo~z dAUn] idiom alife They closed down<br />
their loss-making business Oson isinni lakqofinqa le<br />
badaaqat alifeenih<br />
close in on [klo~z In Ån] prep.v.tr raarìsak marise The<br />
police are closing in on the gangsters Boliis qamalleela<br />
raarisak marisan<br />
close up [klo~z øp] v.intr kamùcca-exce He has closed up<br />
because he saw a man he hates Usuk niqba num yubleemih<br />
sabbatah kamùcca-iyye<br />
clot [klÅ~t] v.intr igribe The blood has clotted Qabali yigribe<br />
clot, (blood) [blød klÅ~t] n dalboyta The tuberculosis<br />
patient coughed up a blood clot Labhadoore biyak le num<br />
kacuwut dalboyta tufe
cloth [klÅ~T] n saro I bought cloth off a roll Sari taagatak<br />
saro xaamite<br />
clothe [klo~D] v.tr sarise Friends clothed the orphan Waday<br />
qayxixxu sarisse<br />
clothes [klo~Dz] n.pl sàra She always wears neat clothes<br />
Is ciinik yan sara uumman haysitta<br />
clothing [klo~DiN] n sartan (sartàna) How much clothing<br />
have you brought? Sartanak maa gide luk temeete?<br />
cloud [klA~Ud] n 1 gayran (gayràna); qamburre There are not<br />
many clouds today A saaku gayranti manga matan Angry<br />
clouds threaten rain Data qamburre rob warissa<br />
cloudy [klA~Udi] adj 1 gaanib (gaanìbi) In a hot country it<br />
is better to travel on a cloudy day Laqin baaxol safar gaanib<br />
yan saaku meqe 2 daràq le The water they brought me is<br />
cloudy Yoh baahen lee daraq le<br />
cloves [klo~vz] n.pl koromfol (koromfòlu) Tea without cloves<br />
is tasteless Koromfol maleh saahi meqe xaqamu mali<br />
club [klø~b] n 1 ilòyta The thief beat the house guard with a<br />
club Garqi wardiyaytu iloytat yoogore 2 dokon (dokònu);<br />
egla I support the local football club Anu a daqaarih ibi<br />
koqsoh dokonul abbixe My father is president of the<br />
youth club Yi-abba dokon eglah cangaddalah yan<br />
club foot [klø~b fUt] n ibì cakba He was born with a club<br />
foot Usuk ibi cakba luk yooboke<br />
club together [klø~b t´gE~D´] phr.v.intr gabà tengele <br />
Workmates clubbed together to buy a wedding present<br />
Taamah wakliititte digib acwa xaamtuh gaba tengele<br />
clue [klu~] n tascasse kino Have you got a clue as to the<br />
identity of the guest? Qibnayti kinni num tascasse kino<br />
maay lito?<br />
clump [klø~mp] 1 n horta Hide behind that clump of trees!<br />
Woo coox hortak darre bagut qomboqor! 2 v.intr tarbàcexce<br />
Who is clumping along? Tarbàc-axcuk gexxam<br />
iyyay?<br />
clumsy [klø~mzi] adj antàttaf Don’t be clumsy, pick things<br />
up carefully! Duyye antattaf hinnak, cubbit ukkuq!<br />
clumsiness [klø~mzIn´s] n antàffay (antàffaya) Her<br />
clumsiness is well known Tet antaffay nabam yamixxigeh<br />
cluster [klø~st´] n uxaàxuq (uxaàxuqu) They brought a<br />
cluster of grapes Qinabak uxaaxuq baahen<br />
cluster around [klø~st´ ´rA~Und] prep.v.tr qoxxite They<br />
clustered around the injured man Mudduume numih amol<br />
qoxxiten<br />
clutch [klø~tS] 1 v.tr ...-t kafe The boy clutched his<br />
mother’s hand Awki inak gabat kafe 2 n firisiyoon<br />
(firisiyoònu) / kelees (keleèsi) If the clutch in the car<br />
squeaks, it needs oiling Baabur firisiyoon / kelees kayyìqiyyek,<br />
saliit akah faxxiima<br />
clutter [klø~t´] n càyxu There’s such a clutter in the kitchen<br />
Gira qaril tu-iyyaanam cayxuh tanih tan<br />
51<br />
clutter up [klø~t´r øp] phr.v.tr qidamqide Don’t clutter up<br />
your bedroom! Xintima golil duyye maqidamqidin!<br />
coach [ko~tS] 1 n 1 gaari The train has ten passenger<br />
coaches Meel gexenti gaarittek taban le 2 mudàrrib<br />
(mudàrribi) He needs a coach Usuk mudarrib faxa 2 v.tr<br />
barbarise I need somebody to coach me in <strong>English</strong> Anu<br />
Ingiliis af yoo barbarisa num faxa<br />
coagulate [koœ~gjulet] v.intr igribe The blood coagulated on<br />
the wound Daleh afat qabal yigribe<br />
coal [ko~l] n xaahì facmi Coal is dug out of the ground<br />
Xaahi facmi baaxoh addak yayyaaqen<br />
coals [ko~lz] n.pl xibiìcin (xibiìcini) / xikaàcin (xikaàcini) <br />
Take out some of the hot coals from this fire! A girah<br />
handedda xibiicinik / xikaacinik tu eyyeeqey!<br />
coalition [ko´lI~Sn¢] n raabita Those two parties are<br />
considering how to form a coalition Woo namma dokon<br />
raabita elle xissanna cubbussa<br />
coarse [kO~s] adj 1 gìbda Coarse grain needs much grinding<br />
Gibda daro kaxxa riyni faxxa Calico is coarse cloth and<br />
lasts a long time Mareekani gibda saroy, raagtah iyya 2<br />
caddì dagna le The language of the market place is coarse<br />
Qadaagal edde yaaban yab caddi dagna leh<br />
coarseness [kO~sn´s] n 1 gibdinaane Because of its<br />
coarseness this grain takes some grinding A daro le<br />
gibdinaanek gexxaamah xayih mariyyimta The coarseness<br />
of this cloth makes me itch A saroh gibdinaane xagar yok<br />
waybissa 2 caddì dagna I can’t stand the coarseness of<br />
their speech Ken yaabih caddi dagna maqansiisa<br />
coast [ko~st] 1 n baddaf (baddaàfa) [baddì-afa] The town of<br />
Assab is on the coast Qasab magaala baddaafal tan I<br />
visited the coast during the summer Anu cagayah<br />
baddaafat gufne abe 2 v.intr itqamàleh gexe We allowed<br />
the car to coast downhill Nanu baabur ullullut itqamaleh<br />
gexxuh cabne<br />
coat [ko~t] 1 n koot (koòtu) A traveller in a cold country<br />
wears a coat Xamcin baaxol gexa num kootut gaca 2 v.tr<br />
kumuse Coat the fish with breadcrumbs! Kullumtal<br />
bululat kumus!<br />
coax [ko~ks] v.tr doolaabe The mother coaxed her sick boy<br />
into drinking his medicine Ina isi baxay, biyaakitah iyya,<br />
diwa yanxaquh kaa doolabte<br />
cobble [kÅ~bl¢] v.tr ore The cobbler cobbles five pairs of<br />
shoes a day Kabelore ayrol tabna kabella ora<br />
cobbler [kÅ~bl´] n kabelore I want a cobbler who makes<br />
beautiful shoes Qaxmeqe kabel bicisa kabelore faxa<br />
cobra [kÅ~br´] n baadèysa The cobra is a poisonous snake<br />
Baadeysa akak iyyaanam summi le baaxotala<br />
cobweb [kÅ~bwEb] n qaròkqari There were cobwebs at the<br />
entrance to the cave Gabla culmeenat qarokqari yen<br />
coccyx [kÅ~ksIks] n bunnahi The coccyx is at the base of the<br />
spine Bunnahi xiiroonuk illacabot raqta<br />
C
C<br />
cock [kÅ~k] n 1 dorrahìyta I wake up in the morning at the<br />
cock’s crowing Anu maaca xiinik dorrahiyti kaayal uguta 2<br />
alifèyna The water to the house is turned off at the water<br />
cock Qari fan tamaate tubbo lee bombah alifeynat soolisen<br />
cocky [kÅ~ki] adj yoobulà le A cocky person is not shy of<br />
anything Yoobula le num tuk waalih maraaqa<br />
cockpit [kÅ~kpIt] n tayyaarà damum (damuùmu) / tayyaarà<br />
inti The pilot sits in the cockpit Bayloot tayyaarak<br />
damuumut / tayyaarak intit daffeya<br />
cockroach [kÅ~krotS] n xàlluc (xàllucu) Cockroaches are<br />
found where there is food Xalluc maaqo elle tani-ikkel<br />
geytima<br />
coconut [ko~k´nøt] n naarigin (naarigìni) Coconuts are a fruit<br />
with a hard hairy shell Naarigin akak iyyaanam xagor kee<br />
gibdi siba le caxammiru<br />
cocoon [k´ku~n] n siba A butterfly emerges from its cocoon<br />
when it is grown Laahinti isi sibak tambe waqdi tawqe<br />
coffee [kÅ~fI] n bùna Drinking coffee is very habit-forming<br />
Buni maqab naba kaarib le In the countryside they drink<br />
three cups of coffee in the morning Subci barril bunak<br />
sidiica fingaan yaaquben<br />
coffee-mill [kÅ~fI-mIl] n bunì-eceyya Grinding coffee<br />
beans in a coffee-mill is easy Buni-eceyyat buni amboh riyo<br />
sahali le<br />
coffee pot [kÅ~fI pÅt] n bunì dabna A coffee pot is made<br />
of clay Buni dabna qasaakallak bicisan<br />
coffin [kÅ~fIn] n raysì sandug (sanduùgu) They took the<br />
coffin to the grave Raysi sandug diikoh been<br />
cognate [kÅ~gnet] adj lagò le (dìbuk aftì lago) The verb ‘to<br />
create’ and the noun ‘creation’ are cognate words ‘Gineh’<br />
xiqsita abina kee ‘gino’ xiqsita migaq tittah lago le qangooru<br />
cognisant [kÅ~gnAIz´nt] v.intr xaàgu luk / daàriik I was<br />
cognisant of what happened to them Keenil tekkeemik<br />
xaagu luk suge / daariik ene<br />
coherent [k´hi~r´nt] adj tìtta wagita Was the speech of the<br />
woman who had been beaten coherent? Tumuggure barrah<br />
yab titta wagita yaabak maay yen?<br />
coil [kO~Il] 1 v.tr malmaale The sailors coiled the ship’s<br />
rope Bahriya markab akat malmalteh 2 n malmaàlu <br />
They keep a coil of rope on the boat Doonikit akatak<br />
malmaalu lon<br />
coin [kO~In] 1 n xeèt lakqo Don’t rattle coins in your<br />
pocket! Giimit tan xeet lakqo makakaacisin! 2 v.tr hadale<br />
Some people like to coin new words Sahdak tu qusba<br />
qangor hadaltam kicinah<br />
coincide [koInsA~Id] v.intr tìttat missoowe Their arrival and<br />
my departure coincided Ken mamaata kee yi gexo tittat<br />
missowte<br />
cold [ko~ld] 1 adj wàc le This wind is very cold A caacay<br />
kaxxa wac le 2 n 1 goson (gosònu) I caught a cold<br />
Goson yot rade / Goson yoo yibbixe 2 wac (waàca) The<br />
52<br />
cold makes me shiver Wac yoo axaxisa / kabqankabisa<br />
cold, become / get [bIkøm ko~ld] v.intr 1 waacite I was<br />
very cold last night Anu bir nabam waacite 2<br />
xammacoowe My tea has gone cold Saahi yok<br />
xammacoote<br />
cold, feel [fil ko~ld] v.intr waacite I felt cold Anu waacitak<br />
suge<br />
coldness [ko~ldnEs] n 1 xamcinan (xamcinaàna) Reduce<br />
the coldness of this frig! A galaseerik xamcinan daggos! 2<br />
xamca / wac (waàca) I can’t take the coldness here A arac<br />
le xamca / wac maduuda<br />
colic [kÅ~lIk] n qasrat (qasràta) / cundubmàku After that food<br />
I had colic Woo maaqok lakal qasrat / cundubmaku luk<br />
raaqe<br />
collapse [k´lœ~ps] 1 v.intr 1 damaysiteh innikisse / eseebe <br />
The girl collapsed going along the road Gital gexak sugte<br />
baxuwwa damaysitteh tinnikisse / teseebeh 2 2 hàssa-exce<br />
The bridge collapsed Holhol hàssa-iyye 3 fig boolaate /<br />
hàssa-exce Our economy has collapsed Maddur nek<br />
boolaate / hàssa-iyye<br />
collar [kÅ~l´] n fìlla The collar of my shirt is soiled Kamiisik<br />
filli yok wassakoowe<br />
collar bone [kÅ~l´ bon] n koorì lafa His collar bone broke<br />
when he was knocked down Niksot koori lafa kaak tiddigille<br />
colleague [kÅ~lig] n taamàh agleyta My colleague and I have<br />
agreed to this plan Yoo kee yi taamah agleyta a makkol titta<br />
geyne<br />
collect [k´lE~kt] 1 v.intr doode / koboxe People collect<br />
where there is an accident Qawwalaylah elle tekke-ikkel<br />
sinam dooddah / koboxxah 2 v.tr gaaboyse Women<br />
collect wood for fires Agabi girah boco gaaboysa<br />
collect together [k´lE~kt t´gED´] phr.v.intr tìttal doode /<br />
koboxe People collect together where there is an accident<br />
Qawwalayla elle tekke-ikkel sinam tittal dooddah / tittal<br />
koboxxah<br />
collection [k´lE~kSn¢] n 1 kòbox (kòboxu) The collection<br />
of people at the accident remained a long time<br />
Qawwalaylah amol yekke kobox raageh 2 gàabos<br />
(gàaboosu) Who was engaged in the collection of this<br />
wood? A bocoh gaabos abtem iyyay?<br />
collector [k´lE~kt´] n gaabòyse This man is a collector of<br />
books A num buukaat gaaboyse<br />
college [kÅ~lIdZ] n kullìyyat (kullìyyata) When the lad<br />
finishes college he will look for work Awki kulliyyatak gaba<br />
kala saaku taama gorrisele<br />
collide [k´lA~Id] v.recip …-t boode Two travellers collided in<br />
the road Gexa marak gital num numut boode; Two men<br />
collided with each other in the road Namma num gital tittat<br />
boodde<br />
collision [k´li~Zn¢] n boodo In the collision between the<br />
two trains eleven people died Namma meelih boodot taban<br />
kee num rabte
colony [kÅ~l´ni] n hòrta A colony of white ants took up<br />
residence in our garden Ni bustaanih addal irimmi horti<br />
guubuh gace<br />
colonial [k´lo~ni´l] adj kaamolayyo The area progressed<br />
under colonial power Kaamolayyo dardaarinnih gubat daqar<br />
yissiiseh<br />
colonialization [k´loni´lAIze~Sn¢] n kaamolayyo It is ten<br />
years since we emerged from colonialization Kaamolayyok<br />
newqeemih tabna karma lino<br />
colonize [kÅ~l´nAIz] v.tr qusbà guub haysite People<br />
colonized the river area Sahda weeqayti qaxal qusba guub<br />
haysitte<br />
colossal [k´lÅ~sl¢] adj gidiìdin / maqat (maqàta); gìffa-exce The<br />
colossal work I have been engaged in finished me off<br />
Gidiidin taamay / Taama maqatay, abak sugeh iyya yoo<br />
tiggifeh A colossal amount of money is necessary to do<br />
that work Woo taama aboonuh gidiidin / gìffa-inta lakqo<br />
faxximta<br />
colostrum [k´lÅ~str´m] n caxùgi The first milking of a goat<br />
after giving birth produces colostrum Reyta naharak xalta<br />
waqdi caxugi akak yaxiggilen<br />
colour [kø~l´] 1 n bìsu What colour of shoes do you like to<br />
wear? Maa bisu le kabel haysittam kicinto? 2 v.tr<br />
xarraboyse Don’t let prejudice colour your judgment!<br />
Acsab ackaami, qadli cokmi kok xarraboyse waytay inxic!<br />
colourful [kø~l´rfl¢] 1 adj bìsu le She chooses colourful<br />
clothes Is bisu le sara dooritta 2 fig intìh qawo le / mablà<br />
meqe This is a colourful part of town Aham magaalak<br />
intih qawo le / mabla meqe exxa<br />
colourless [kø~l´l´s] 1 adj bìsu sinnan le The medicine<br />
the doctor gave me is colourless Daktoor yoh yece diwa<br />
bisu sinnan le 2 fig rabayràbay le His voice is colourless<br />
Kay anay rabayrabay le<br />
colt [ko~lt] n laadàytu A horse’s male young is called a colt<br />
Farasak qunxa lab lacak laadaytu iyyan<br />
column [kÅ~l´m] n 1 àrad (àrada) Newspaper articles<br />
appear in columns Maybalaalaqal yawqe maxxaacoc<br />
aroodah yankuttube 2 rorta Soldiers march in four<br />
columns Qaskar affara rortah gexxa 3 wakbi Columns of<br />
rock in that desert were formed over a period of time by<br />
weathering Woo bacaril mango dabaanih addat<br />
hawahadban toysorooroce balad wakbitte geytimta<br />
columnist [kÅ~l´mnIst] n rortayàktubi He is a columnist<br />
for a newspaper Usuk maybalaalaqal rortayaktubi<br />
coma [ko~m´] n damaysit (damaysìti) The man hurt in the<br />
accident was in a coma for two days Qawwalaylat biyaakite<br />
num namma ayro fan damaysitit suge<br />
comb [ko~m] 1 n filèyna Hair which has not seen a comb<br />
will be matted Fileyna able wayte amo qittir takke 2 v.tr<br />
file It is hard to comb matted hair Qittir tekke amo<br />
filaanam gibdah<br />
53<br />
combat [k´mbœ~t] 1 v.tr koosite Vaccination will combat<br />
disease Ixo dalkat koositta 2 [kÅ~mbœt] n maysattaka In<br />
yesterday’s combat two men died Kimal tekke maysattakat<br />
namma num rabe<br />
combine [k´mbA~In] 1 v.tr esgelle We want to combine two<br />
parties Namma dokon nasgallem fanxa For runny<br />
tummies we combine sugar, salt and water Bagigexok<br />
sokkaray, qasbo kee lee nasgalle 2 v.intr engele Those<br />
two combined to form a powerful force to be reckoned with<br />
Woo nammay cisab akah aban gibdi qande yakkoonu<br />
yengeleenih<br />
combination [kÅmbIne~S´n, kÅmbIne~Sn¢] n 1 asgòlla A<br />
combination of sugar, water and salt is good for children’s<br />
runny tummies Leey, sokkar kee qasboh asgolli bagigexok<br />
urruh meqe 2 tarkiib (tarkiìbi) If you get the lock<br />
combination it will open Alfenti tarkiib tittal bahtek fakkiima<br />
come [kø~m] v.intr emeete; orobe A plane comes from that<br />
country every day Woo baaxok tayyaara kulli saaku tamaate<br />
Come here! Akke am! A guest came to us during the<br />
night Qibnayti bir nee orobe<br />
come away [~k´m ´we~] prep.v.intr exxeere Come away<br />
from the fire! Girak exxeer!<br />
coming [kø~mIN] 1 n mamaata / mamut (mamùtu) His<br />
coming threw us Kay mamaata abeegimat nee hayte / Kay<br />
mamut abeegimat nee hee We are waiting for the coming<br />
of the ship Nanu markab mamaata / mamut qambalna 2<br />
adj tàkku waytam Apart from God no one knows coming<br />
events Sarra takku waytam Yallaksa num mayaaxiga<br />
come back [køm bœ~k] prep.v.intr endebbe / gace / uduure <br />
My mother will come back tomorrow Yi-ina beera<br />
andabbele / gacele / aduurele<br />
come by [køm ba~I] prep.v.tr.idiom ...-t tabe How did you<br />
come by that attitude? Ama bis le afkan anninnal kot tabe?<br />
come down phr.v.intr.idiom ...-t qakkoowe They have<br />
come down in my estimation Yi-intit qakkooweeni<br />
come first [køm f‰~st] v.intr ookome Who came first? Iyyi<br />
yookome?<br />
come into [køm I~ntU] prep.v.tr.idiom gee How did they<br />
come into money? Oson maalu manninnal geeni?<br />
come near [kø~m nI~´] prep.v.intr xayyoowe / kàbba-exce /<br />
kamàqqa-exce Come near me! Yoo fan xayyow! / kàbbainxic!<br />
/ kamàqqa-inxic!<br />
come on 1 [kø~m Å~n] prep.v.intr uduure When the<br />
electricity comes on the generator switches itself off<br />
Kooraan yaduure waqdi, kooraan matoor is bargusele<br />
come on 2 [kø~m Å~n] interj hàyya hay Come on, let’s go!<br />
Hayya hay, genxeh / nee bey!<br />
come out [kø~m aUt] prep.v.intr ewqe The boy from<br />
whom bowel gas came out in company was admonished<br />
Sinam garil ufuy akak yewqe àwka sahiten<br />
come over [køm o~v´] 1 v.intr ...-l emeete Come over to<br />
us! Nel am! 2 prep.v.tr.idiom geytem I don’t know what<br />
C
C<br />
came over me Yoo geytem maaxiga<br />
come round [køm rA~Und] phr.v.intr.idiom fàn gace, ...-l gace,<br />
My family have come round to my way of thinking Yi ahli<br />
yoh tu-elle tambullennah fan gace / Yi-ahli yol gace<br />
come round to see phr gufe When they are in London<br />
they always come round to see us Oson London addal<br />
yaneenik, uumman nee gufan<br />
come through [køm Tru~] prep.v.intr ...-k esseqqe He<br />
came through his test well Kaat garaye aqakkanak nagay<br />
yesseqqeh<br />
come up [køm ø~p] phr.v.intr.idiom 1 tambulliyem tene <br />
Let me know if anything of importance comes up!<br />
Maqalsitaanamak tambulliyem tenek yoh waris! 2<br />
phr.v.intr.idiom loowime He has come up in the world<br />
Usuk a way loowime<br />
comedy [kÅ~m´di] n furkucàt le ransa There is a comedy<br />
tomorrow night Beerobbar furkucat le ransa tan<br />
comedian [k´mi~dI´n] n furkucateèna That comedian<br />
made me laugh Woo furkucateeni yoo yuysussuuleh<br />
comedienne [k´midIE~n] n furkucateena This comedienne<br />
threw her head back laughing A furkucateena asaalat af<br />
deerih korisse<br />
comely [kø~mli] adj ablehmèqa His sister is comely Kay<br />
maqanxa ablehmeqa<br />
comeliness [kø~mlInEs] n ablehmeqeènan<br />
(ablehmeqeènaana) Her comeliness attracted me Is le<br />
ablehmeqeenan yoo hirigeh<br />
comfort [kø~mf´t] 1 v.tr qelaagise A weeping person needs<br />
to be comforted Weeqa num qelaagisaanam faxximta 2 n<br />
massaahada; caddòk fula She is my comfort Is yi<br />
massaahada We live in too much comfort Nanu caddok<br />
muxxi fula lino<br />
comfortable [kø~mpf´t´bl¢] 1 adj sattà le This is a<br />
comfortable chair Ah satta le korsi 2 fig sàhha-exce I<br />
am not comfortable with him Kay luk sàhha-maxca<br />
comfortably [kø~mf´t´blI] adv sàtta le Arrange his bed<br />
comfortably Kaqaada satta lennal kaah fidis!<br />
comic [kÅ~mIk] 1 n 1 furkàcat le maybalaalaqa Children<br />
love comics Urri furkacat le maybalaalaqa kicina 2<br />
furkucateèna He is a real comic Usuk numma le<br />
furkucateena 2 adj furkucàt le He is a comic actor Usuk<br />
furkucat le ransaabe<br />
comical [kÅ~mIkl¢] adj furkucàt le That was a comical<br />
occurrence Woh furkucat le tekkok ten<br />
comma [kÅ~m´] n catuffa Reading sentences without<br />
commas make one breathless Catuffa fanat akak ane wayta<br />
kiriyaati koo qoofisah<br />
command [k´mA~nd] v.tr xiinise The leader of the<br />
government commands the nation with authority Doolat<br />
abba agat maqar le abbowtanat xiinisa<br />
commandant [kÅ~m´ndAnt] n abba The commandant of<br />
the camp has things well regulated A gasoh abba kaal<br />
54<br />
yeexegen taama meqe gurral yabbixe<br />
commandment [k´mA~ndm´nt] n merracsenta God gave<br />
us commandments through Moses Yalli Muusa gabal<br />
merracsenta neh yece<br />
commando [k´mA~ndo] n komandòyta The commandoes<br />
stripped the place they attacked Komandoytit wararte<br />
baaxol sugtem bukkusseh<br />
commemorate [k´mE~m´ret] v.tr kassite The people of<br />
Djibouti commemorate their independence every summer<br />
Yabuuti ummatta kulli cagayah amobaxxaaqah ayro kassitta<br />
commemoration [k´mEm´re~Sn¢] n kassìt massanabba <br />
Invitees attended the commemoration of independence at<br />
the palace Baaxoh hurriyat edde geyte ayroh kassit<br />
massanabbat xeeqo akah aben mari doolatinni gasol geytime<br />
commence [k´mE~ns] 1 v.intr qimbise Rain commences in<br />
winter Rob giilalat qimbisa 2 v.tr We commenced our<br />
training Barbarit qimbisne<br />
commencement [k´mE~nsm´nt] n 1 qimbisso We want to<br />
see the commencement of the play Ransa qimbisso nablem<br />
fanxa 2 kitmì caflat (caflàta) At some universities the<br />
term commencement refers to a graduation ceremony<br />
Gaamaqootak tul kitmi caflat tascassem barittol digri<br />
geyaanamah takke caflata<br />
comment [kÅ~mEnt] 1 v.intr maxcotàgle abe My father<br />
comments on new ideas Yi-abba qusba raayit / tummabulut<br />
maxcotagle aba 2 n maxcotàgle His comments are<br />
valuable Maxcotagle kaak fayda le<br />
commentary [kÅ~m´ntri] n addafakoòt maxco A<br />
commentary gives a lot of help Addafakoot maxcok kaxxa<br />
cato le<br />
commerce [kÅ~m‰s] n kabxa There is a lot of commerce<br />
between Djibouti and France Yabuuti kee Faransi fanat<br />
kaxxa kabxa tan<br />
commercial [k´m‰~Sl¢] adj kabxa Their project was a<br />
commercial success Yucussulen taama kabxah isiysa xalte<br />
commission [k´mI~Sn¢] n 1 fayda / maksab (maksàba) That<br />
man gets a lot of commission because he works well Woo<br />
num nagay taamitaamih taagah meqe fayda / maksab geya 2<br />
mixxàagisen taama The commission he was given proved<br />
too difficult for him Kaal mixxaagisen taama kay duddak<br />
gibdi muxxok ten<br />
commit [k´mI~t] v.tr abe He committed a grave offence<br />
Usuk qilsi qellat abe<br />
commit for trial phr.v.tr.idiom yamcukkumem ...-l eexege <br />
They committed him for trial Yamcukkumem kaal yeexegen<br />
commit oneself [k´mI~t wønsElf] v.refl ...-h ittikiyye, ...-t<br />
quùruk gace I committed myself to the task Anu a taamah<br />
ittikiyye / Anu a taamat quuruk gace<br />
commitment [k´mI~tm´nt] n bàgu This man works with<br />
commitment A num baguk taamita<br />
committed [k´mI~tId] adj qùur le Party members are very<br />
committed Bartih adoytit kaxxa quur le
committee [k´mI~ti] n egla / komiti A new hygiene<br />
committee was elected Qaafiyat dacayrih qusba egla / komiti<br />
dooren<br />
common [kÅ~m´n] adj 1 yangalen The word ‘rope’ is a<br />
common noun ‘Akat’ deqsitta qangara yabti rakiibol<br />
yangalen migaaqat loowimta 2 Even though those people<br />
have some small differences, they have a common tongue<br />
Woo mari dagoomul baxsimaanamah yangalen af lon <br />
Anyone can draw water from the common well in the wadi<br />
Daqaaral yan yangalen qeela faxinnaan num arkah 3<br />
adabdàgiinah I don’t like their common behaviour Anu<br />
ken adabdagiinah gexgexit makiciyyo 4 qaàdiik ene It is<br />
common to wear uniform in many schools Mango iskoolal<br />
darsa diriis haysittam qaadiik tan<br />
commonly [kÅ~m´nlI] adv qaadiìk ene Those conditions<br />
are commonly found Woo caaloota tanim qaadiik tan<br />
common knowledge [kÅm´n nÅ~lIdZ] n.phr barrataàxigi It<br />
is common knowledge that he will become president Usuk<br />
Ummunoh Abba akkelem barrataaxigi<br />
common law [kÅ~m´n lO] n yangalèn madqa Common<br />
law is based on custom and practice Yangalen madqa<br />
qaadal kee abittol solta<br />
commotion [k´mo~Sn¢] n werrek (werrèki) The news that the<br />
train had overturned caused a commotion in the town Meel<br />
koreemih xaagi magaala mara werrek hee<br />
commune [kÅ~mjun] 1 n gaanta There is a new commune<br />
in that area Qusba gaanta woo rakaakayal gacte 2 v.intr<br />
wagare I don’t know how it is, but my heart communes<br />
with hers Kinnim maaxigay, yi kalbi tet kalbih wagarah<br />
communicate [k´mju~nIket] 1 v.tr iysixxige; eysexeexege <br />
We communicated our agreed plan to the people Nanu elle<br />
nengeleh nan mala sinam niysixxige Although he didn’t<br />
know our language, he was able to communicate his needs<br />
Usuk ni-af aaxige waamah akak calwayitem nee<br />
yaysexeexegem duudeh 2 v.recip tìtta gee The child and<br />
his parents don’t communicate Baxa kee xaleyna titta<br />
mageyta<br />
communication [k´mjunIke~Sn¢] n 1 oobba The latest<br />
communication in the country reached us Aa agatal qusbih<br />
tewqe oobba nee elelte 2 aysaxàaxag (aysaxàaxaga) <br />
These days TV is an important means of communication A<br />
waktil baddal taybulli kulsa luk raaqa aysaxaaxag mansafa<br />
communique [kÅmju~nIke] n aysaxàaxag (aysaxàaxaga) The<br />
communique from the meeting is published Daffeyna lakal<br />
aysaxaaxag kutbel oobba<br />
communism [kÅ~mjunIzm¢] n suuqiyya Communism is the<br />
belief in a classless society Suuqiyya ranko isinni ayyuntal<br />
taamine xinto<br />
community [k´mju~n´ti] n 1 egelta European countries<br />
have one community Irobbah baaxooxa inki egelta lon 2<br />
ayyùnta The community has decided to fine them Ayyunti<br />
digaala keenil haamal yirgiqe<br />
55<br />
compact 1 [k´mpœ~kt] 1 adj rassàt meqe The goods in the<br />
car were compact Baaburut tan duyye rassat muquk ten 2<br />
v.tr tiqite In order to compact the grain in the sack shake<br />
it down! Kiisit daro nagay tiqitu miidiy!<br />
compact 2 [kÅ~mpœkt] n tittingey (tittingèyi) There is a<br />
compact between the administrator and the workers<br />
Taamah abba kee taama marih fanat tittingey yan<br />
companion [k´mpœ~nj´n] n wakàli Don’t go on a long<br />
journey alone; take a companion! Xer baaxo dibuk<br />
magexinay, wakali luk gex!<br />
companionship [k´mpœ~nj´nSIp] n wadayiìnu The girl<br />
missed her sister’s companionship when she went abroad<br />
Awkà marin baaxo gexxe saaku isi maqanxah wadayiinuh<br />
maxhaxxe<br />
company [kø~mp´ni] n 1 kobbani Our company has a good<br />
turnover Ni kobbani meqe maksab geyta 2 wakali We<br />
don’t find their company edifying Nanu ken wakalit<br />
tuxxiiqih nablem mannu 3 walal (walàla) An old man<br />
likes company and entertainment Idalti walal kee wahan<br />
kicina<br />
compare [kÅmpE~´, k´mpE~´] v.tr tìttal wagite Compare these<br />
two! A nammay tittal wagitey!<br />
comparable [kÅ~mpr´bl¢] adj qeedalsime / massoowe My<br />
work is comparable with his Yi taama kay taama luk<br />
qeedalsimtah / massowtah<br />
comparative [k´mpœ~r´tIv] adj tìttal wagit le This is a<br />
comparative matter Aham tittal wagit le caagidi<br />
comparison [k´mpœ~rIs´n] n tìttal wagit (wagìti) In a<br />
comparison between the people of Djibouti and those of<br />
France we find the French to be more numerous Tittal<br />
wagitil Faransi ummatta Yabuuti ummattak mangok raqta<br />
compartment [k´mpA~tm´nt] n forqo Put everything into its<br />
compartment in the cupboard! Kabat addal uummaanim le<br />
forqot hayis!<br />
compass [kø~mp´s] n ascosseyna / diirat (diiràta) We can get<br />
directions with a compass Ascosseynal / Diiratal mohoodo<br />
geynu dudna<br />
compassion [k´mpœ~Sn¢] n qàad (qàada) / gèlel (gèleli) He has<br />
no compassion on me Usuk yoh qaad / gelel mali<br />
compassionate [k´mpœ~Sn´t] adj qaade / gelele It is<br />
necessary to be compassionate to the sick Biyaakita marah<br />
qaadnam / gelelnam faxximta<br />
compatible [k´mpœ~tIbl¢]¢ adj tìttin gexsit le He and his wife<br />
are compatible Kaa kee kay barra tittin gexsit lon<br />
compatibility [k´mpœtIbI~lIti]¢ n tittìn gexsit (gexsìti) There<br />
is compatibility among them Ken fanat tittin gexsit yan<br />
compatriot [k´mpœ~trI´t] n agàt baxa / baaxo num (nùmu) <br />
We consult together with our compatriots Nanu ninni agat<br />
xaylo / baaxoh mara luk mallownah<br />
compel [k´mpE~l] v.tr dirkise The father compels his son to<br />
study Abba bàxa barittoh dirkisa<br />
C
C<br />
compelling [k´mpE~lIN] adj fàrdi le I have no compelling<br />
reason to help him Anu kaa catuh fardi le sabab mayyu<br />
compensate [kÅ~mp´nset] v.tr gidìy abe / mekla abe They<br />
compensated the child for the loss of his arm Awkah<br />
yiggiriqeh carayih gidiy aben / mekla aben<br />
compensation [kÅmp´nse~Sn¢] n gidiy (gidìyi) / mekla I<br />
want compensation for my house which they destroyed<br />
Yok yiggilen qarih gidiy / mekla faxa The government<br />
paid him compensation for the land they took from him<br />
Doolat kaak beyteh ardik gidiy kaah abte<br />
compete [k´mpi~t] v.intr qalale Two men competed for the<br />
vacant position Fakot tan inki foxoh namma num qalalte <br />
He competed in the race with others Usuk ardah sinam lih<br />
qalaleh<br />
competition [kÅmp´tI~Sn¢] n qalala Yesterday I triumphed<br />
in the draughts competition Kimal daama qalalal anu eyse<br />
competitor [k´mpE~tit´] n qalaleèna They disqualified one<br />
of the competitors Qalaleenittek numuk teyna faxit<br />
waysiisen<br />
competent [kÅ~mpIt´nt] adj agdabdùddo le He is a<br />
competent person Usuk agdabduddo le numu<br />
compile [k´mpA~Il] v.tr keebe / kobxise The <strong>Afar</strong>s and I are<br />
compiling a dictionary Yoo kee Qafar mara qangorfidga<br />
keebna / kobxisna<br />
compilation [kÅmpIle~Sn¢] n keebo The compilation of a<br />
dictionary requires much patience Qangorfidgah keebo<br />
kaxxa sabri faxxa<br />
complain [k´mple~n] v.intr warsite; weqsite; weèqa ece He<br />
complains of stomach pains Usuk bagi biyak warsita <br />
They complain of the cold Oson waacak weqsitaanah I<br />
complained that he had spoilt my book Usuk yi buuk<br />
yoysommeemih weeqa ece<br />
complaint [k´mple~nt] n 1 kàdu, weèqa Make your<br />
complaint about him to the court! Kaak lito kadu / weeqa<br />
makaabanal acuy! 2 accawoyyo / saacawway (saacawwàya)<br />
The doctor treated his complaint Daktoor accawoyyo /<br />
saacawway kaak daylise<br />
complement [kÅ~mplIm´nt] v.tr ...-k raqta-ikke kibe Those<br />
two complement each other one has brains, the other has<br />
skill Ken nammayak gari garuk raqta-ikke kibah, numuk<br />
teeni kas leh, gersitti naggaarinna leemi<br />
complete [k´mpli~t] 1 v.tr duuduse I completed my studies<br />
Anu tubbaritto duuduseh 2 adj inkitanuuk We had a<br />
complete victory Inkitanuuk mayso orbisne<br />
completely [k´mpli~tli] adv amomìllih, inkitanuuk The fire<br />
burned the house down completely Gira qari amomillih /<br />
inkitanuuk tokme Her attitude was completely changed<br />
Teetik afkan inkitanuuk koreh yan<br />
completeness [k´mpli~tn´s] n duddà le The completeness<br />
of his answer satisfied them Dudda le gacsay, usuk abeh<br />
iyya, ken yefqe<br />
56<br />
completion [k´mpli~Sn¢] n maymarraaqe Bring this work to<br />
completion! A taama maymarraaqe fan gufus!<br />
complexion [k´mplE~kSn¢] 1 n foocìh arab (aràba) Her<br />
complexion is light Tet foocih arab xamcinbisini 2 fig<br />
foòca What you say gives a different complexion to this<br />
matter Atu intam ta caagidih aki fooca tace<br />
compliance [k´mplA~I´ns] n roorit (roorìti) In order to bring<br />
this matter to its conclusion, we need his compliance A<br />
caagid caddo gufusnuh roorit kaak fanxa<br />
complicate [kÅ~mplIket] v.tr cemerraakise / kororaaqise <br />
Don’t complicate matters tell us plainly! Yab<br />
macemerraakisinay / makororaaqisinay, qaduk neh waris!<br />
complicated [kÅ~mplIketId] adj cemerraaksime This is a<br />
complicated affair Tamah cemerraaksime caagidi<br />
complication [kÅmplIke~Sn¢] n cemerraàku A complication<br />
arose in his affairs Kay caagidit cemerraaki cule<br />
compliment [kÅ~mplIm´nt] 1 n fayla He received<br />
compliments on his good performance Usuk meqe abtol<br />
fayla geeh 2 v.tr faylise We complimented him because<br />
he did well Meqem abeemih sabbatah kaa faylisne<br />
comply [k´mplA~I] v.intr oggole In order to complete this<br />
affair, we need him to comply A caagid caddo gufusnuh<br />
nanu usuk oggolam fanxa<br />
compose [k´mpo~z] v.tr eyyeeqe I composed a new praise<br />
song Anu qusba saare eyyeeqe<br />
composed [k´mpo~zd] adj callatini She is always<br />
composed however busy she is Is faxennah agxittaamah<br />
uumman callatinih<br />
compose oneself [k´mpo~z wønsElf] v.refl ìnni ibbixe The<br />
one who was crying composed himself before company<br />
Weeqak suge num sinam foocal weeqak is yibbixe<br />
composed of, be [bi k´mpo~zd ´v] v.intr.pass ...-k xissiime <br />
The population is composed of men, women and children<br />
Ummatta urruy, agabu kee labhak xissimta<br />
composure [kÅmpo~Z´] n xiq (xiìqi) I lost my composure<br />
when he insulted me Yoo xaafe waqdi anu xiq cabeh<br />
composition [kÅmp´zI~Sn¢] n 1 asgòlla What is the<br />
composition of this? Ahih asgolli macay? 2 kutbè maxco <br />
The children wrote a composition for the test Aqayaareh<br />
urri kutbe maxco yuktube<br />
compound [kÅ~mpAUnd] 1 n 1 daala / gaso Our house has<br />
a big compound Ni qari kaxxa daala / gaso le 2 asgòlla <br />
Brackish water is a compound of salt and water Badliiti, lee<br />
kee qasboh asgolla yakke 2 adj 1 tìttak xissiime The<br />
word ‘fruit’ is considered a compound noun in <strong>Afar</strong><br />
Qafarafat ‘caxammiru’ deqsitta qangara, yabti rakiibol, tittak<br />
xissiime migaaqah tamaate 2 tasgallè A compound<br />
particle verb consists of two words Tasgalle makorih abini<br />
namma qangarak yakke 3 v.tr lafise Telling lies will<br />
compound your difficulties Dirab macuy gadaama kol<br />
lafisak lafisele
comprehend [kÅmprIhE~nd] v.tr cede I comprehended his<br />
difficulties well Kay calway nagay cede<br />
comprehensible [kÅmprIhE~nsIbl¢] adj cèdu le What they<br />
say is comprehensible Oson iyyaanam cedu leemi<br />
comprehension [kÅmprIhE~nSn¢] n cedim (cedìmi) He has<br />
no comprehension of that affair Usuk woo caagidik cedim<br />
mali<br />
comprehensive [kÅmprIhE~ntsIv] adj inkìtànih I made a<br />
comprehensive inspection of the work I oversaw Anu<br />
absiise taamat inkitanih yan afaagad abe<br />
compress [k´mprE~s] 1 v.tr uxuxxoyse; -...t ummuuse He<br />
compressed the long story for us Usuk xer hayyeyoona neh<br />
uxuxxoyseh Don’t compress my clothes in the box!<br />
Sanduugut yan sarat yok mammuusin! 2 [kÅ~mprEs] n<br />
ankàbkab (ankàbkaba) I put a hot compress on the<br />
swelling Duddubal laqin ankabkab hee<br />
comprise [k´mprA~Iz] v.tr ...-k ene The population of<br />
Djibouti comprises mostly <strong>Afar</strong>, Somali and Arab people<br />
Yabuutih ummatta xeflih Qafaray, Soomaali kee Qarabak yan<br />
marak tan<br />
compromise [kÅ~mpr´mAIz] n sùlci They reached a<br />
compromise on their differences Oson titta elle waak<br />
sugeenimik sulcit oroben<br />
compulsion [k´mpø~lSn¢] n fàrdi / dirki There is no<br />
compulsion to be present at the meeting Atu daffeynat<br />
geytimtam fardik / dirkik kol matan<br />
compulsory [k´mpø~lsri] adj fàrdik ene It is compulsory to<br />
attend the meeting Daffeynat geytimtam fardik kol tan<br />
computer [k´mpju~t´] n kombiyuùter (kombiyuùteri) This<br />
computer has new features A kombiyuuter qusba tuxxiq le<br />
compute [k´mpju~t] v.tr cisabmàkiinal abe Compute the<br />
answer for me! Gacsa cisabmakiinal yoh ab!<br />
comrade [kÅ~mred] n wakliìta He is a comrade for all<br />
occasions Usuk uummaan waqdih wakliita<br />
comradeship [kÅ~mredSIp] n wakliino His comradeship<br />
encouraged me Kay wakliino niya yot hayte<br />
conceal [k´nsi~l] v.tr qellise / ooqure / sasise She conceals her<br />
feelings Is le assal qellissah / taaqureh He concealed his<br />
son from the police Abba isi baxa qaskarak yooqureh /<br />
sasiseh<br />
concealment [k´nsi~lm´nt] n qèllu; aqra She always<br />
practices concealment of her feelings Is ùumman le assal<br />
qellut le The concealment by the father of his son was<br />
wrong Abba isi baxat abe aqra muquk mananna<br />
concede [k´nsi~d] v.tr doodise Their side conceded victory to<br />
us in the ball game Ken qaxiita koqsol abne iysa neh<br />
doodisseh<br />
conceit [k´nsi~t] n kaxxiìnit (kaxxiìniti) He has conceit about<br />
his achievements Usuk yagdubeemil kaxxiinit le<br />
conceited [k´nsi~tId] adj anaanì le He is a conceited<br />
young man Usuk anaani le furraynu<br />
57<br />
conceive [k´nsi~v, kÅnsi~v] 1 v.tr bàgut haysite / ussukuqqe <br />
She conceived a child after marriage Is digibtek lakal bagut<br />
haysitte / tussukuqqe 2 fig malise I conceived a good<br />
plan Anu meqe mala malise<br />
conceivable [k´nsi~v´bl¢] adj awnànis le His coming is<br />
conceivable Kay mamut awnanis le<br />
concentrate [kÅ~ns´ntret Ån] prep.v.tr hangì haysite She<br />
concentrated on learning Is barittot hangi haysitte <br />
Concentrating on studies is good Barittot hangi<br />
haysitaanam meqe<br />
concentrated, be [bi kÅ~nsEntretId, bi kÅ~nsn¢tretId] v.intr<br />
qoxxite The poor are concentrated in one area Tu maleela<br />
inki aracal qoxxitte<br />
concentrated adj màqar le This problem demands our<br />
concentrated effort to resolve it A afwayak fidga maqar le<br />
macal nek faxxa<br />
concentration [kÅ~nsEntreSn¢] n 1 hangihàysit (hangihàysiti)<br />
Lack of concentration in study is bad Barittoh hangihaysit<br />
aalle waanam mameqe 2 qoxxo The concentration of the<br />
poor in one area is bad Tu maleela inki aracat abta qoxxo<br />
mameqe<br />
conception [k´nsE~pSn¢] n 1 gida She does not know the date<br />
of her conception Is gidah ayro isik mataaxiga 2 tummàbul<br />
(tummàbulu) What is your conception of him? Atu kaal<br />
lito tummabul macay?<br />
concern [k´ns‰~n] n taxxoowem (taxxooweèmi) / wagittam<br />
(wagittàma); maqal (maqàla) That is no concern of his Tah<br />
kaa taxxoowem / wagittam hinna I have a great concern in<br />
this affair Anu ta caagidit kaxxa maqal liyo He has no<br />
concern for me Usuk maqal yot mali 2 v.tr giddaànimik<br />
suge Their discussion concerned money Ken walal lakqo<br />
giddaanimik sugte<br />
concerned about, be [bI kÅns‰~nd ´bAUt] prep.v ...-h danane /<br />
cisabbboote He is concerned about his mother’s illness<br />
Usuk isi-inah biyaakah danana / cisabboota<br />
concerned for, be [bi k´ns‰~nd fO] prep.v maqalsite He is<br />
vitally concerned for his mother Usuk isi-ina niyaak<br />
maqalsita<br />
concerned in, be [bI kÅns‰~nd In, bI k´ns‰~nd In] prep.v maqàl<br />
le; maqalsite He is vitally concerned in this matter Usuk a<br />
caagidit qilsi maqal le I am very concerned in this matter<br />
Anu ta caagid kaxxam maqalsitah<br />
concerning [k´ns‰~nIN] prep ...-t uxxuùmmu-hee <br />
Concerning his behaviour, I have some complaints Kay<br />
qamalat uxxuùmmu-haytaamak weeqa liyo<br />
as far as... (be) concerned [´z fA ´z... k´ns‰~nd] com.expr ...-h<br />
tu gactek As far as I am concerned, you can do what you<br />
like Yoh tu gactek, faxinnaanim abtam duddah<br />
concert [kÅ~ns‰t] n digìr muusika We listened to a concert on<br />
the radio Raadiyok digir muusika ankacisne<br />
concert, in [In kÅ~ns‰t] adv tìttingeyil We did that work in<br />
concert with each other Woo taama tittal luk tittingeyil abne<br />
C
C<br />
concession [k´nsE~Sn¢] n musaàwamat (musaàwamata) / ràmmit<br />
(ràmmiti) If they want peace they have to make a<br />
concession Wagari faxeenik musaawamat / rammit abaanam<br />
faxximta<br />
conciliate [k´nsI~liyet] v.tr xammacoyse / salcise Her<br />
friendly approach conciliated his anger Tet meqellat<br />
naqabu kaak xammacoyse / salcise<br />
concise [k´nsA~Is, kÅnsA~Is] adj uxuxi / uxuxxuusen He gave<br />
me a concise report of all that took place Usuk tìkkainteemik<br />
inkih uxux maaqu yoh abe They presented a<br />
concise statement Uxuxxuusen maysaxxaga xayyoosen<br />
conclude [k´Nklu~d] v.tr 1 ...-t emeete / orobe I concluded<br />
that he was mad Anu usuk cabu leemit emeete / orobe 2<br />
sele I concluded what I had to say Axcem faxak sugem<br />
sele<br />
conclusion [k´Nklu~Zn¢] n amogàcsa; eddè cabenta / orba <br />
What was their conclusion? Amogacsi keenik macak tene? <br />
What was the conclusion of the meeting? Daffeynak edde<br />
cabenta / orba macak tene?<br />
conclusion, come to a [køm tø ´ k´Nklu~Zn¢] v.tr ...-t emeete <br />
I came to the conclusion that he wasn’t mad Anu usuk cabu<br />
aalle waamat emeete<br />
concord [kÅ~NkOd] n tittingey (tittingèyi) His speech did<br />
nothing for racial concord Kay maxco samadiini tittingeyih<br />
tu maxiqinna<br />
concord, in [In kÅ~NkOd] adv nagaawàgarih They live in<br />
concord with each other Oson titta luk nagaawagarih xiinan<br />
concrete [kÅ~Nkrit] 1 n simit (simìti) The house is built of<br />
concrete blocks Qari simit daaduuruk xisen 2 fig àsmat<br />
leemi Give me something concrete to go on! Edde ugutuh<br />
tuk asmat lem yoh bah!<br />
concur [k´nk‰~]~ v.intr inkì-adda ekke How could two such<br />
unlikely events concur? Too namma ceelosinni tekko inkiadda<br />
manninnal takkem bicte?<br />
concur with [k´nk‰~ wID] v.tr ukkuqe I concurred with his<br />
plan Anu usuk xayyoose mala ukkuqe<br />
condemn [k´ndE~m] v.tr qaybise I condemned his behaviour<br />
Anu kay qamal qaybise<br />
condemn to [k´ndE~m tU] phr.v.tr ...-l uckume They<br />
condemned him to prison Casbi kaal yuckumen<br />
condemnation [kÅndEmne~Sn¢] n qaybisso My<br />
condemnation of him was correct Anu kaat abe qaybisso<br />
gitak ten<br />
condense [k´ndE~ns] 1 v.tr daggòssa-hee Condense that<br />
story and tell it to us! Woo hayyeyoona daggòssa-hay, neh<br />
waris! 2 v.intr niifò baahe Steam condenses as it cools<br />
Huuri elle xamacaamal niifo baaha<br />
condensation [kÅndEnse~Sn¢] n 1 ayxax (ayxaàxa) His<br />
condensation of the story was well done Usuk woo<br />
hayyeyoonat abe ayxax muquk yen 2 xayxoq (xayxoòqu) <br />
58<br />
In cold countries condensation occurs on the windows<br />
Xamcin baaxol taagootal xayxoq raaqa<br />
condescend [kÅndIsE~nd] v.intr rammite The Governor<br />
condescended to attend the poor man’s party Waali<br />
tudagoyti waynabol geytimaamah rammite<br />
condiment [kÅ~ndIm´nt] n cawaag (cawaàga) Food without<br />
condiments won’t go down Cawaag sinni maaqo salfa mali<br />
condition [k´ndI~Sn¢, kÅndI~Sn¢] n gùrra; càxxa You are not in a<br />
fit condition to return home A way edde tan gurrat buxa<br />
taduurem madudda It's more sensible not to take the car<br />
in that condition Baabur a way edde tan gurrak / caxxak<br />
asgayye waytam meqe<br />
conditions [k´ndI~Sn¢z] n.pl 1 faxxiimà bica; bìca What<br />
are your working conditions? Taamah faxxiima bici kok<br />
manna le? The conditions at home are good Dabqil yan<br />
bici meqeh 2 xintogèxsit (xintogèxsiti) Before they<br />
employed him, they told him the conditions Taama kaa<br />
yaysibixeenimik naharat taama xintogexsit kaah yescessen<br />
condole [k´ndo~l] prep.v ...-h hoole / racmattah ...-l soole I<br />
condoled with him over his brother’s death Toobokoyti<br />
rabah kaah hoole / Toobokoyti rabih racmattah kaal soole<br />
condolence [k´ndo~l´ns] n racmatta We sent our<br />
condolences to him over his brother’s death Toobokoyti<br />
rabih racmatta kaah rubne<br />
condone [k´ndo~n] v.tr ellè xiine When a father sees his son<br />
behaving badly, he mustn’t condone it Baxa umam abah<br />
yublek abba elle xiine waam meqe<br />
conduct [k´ndø~kt] v.tr 1 abbise My brother conducted the<br />
delegation Yi toobokoyti irga abbise 2 wiidise He<br />
conducted the guest to his place Usuk qibnaytu le arac fanah<br />
wiidise 3 idibbire; gexgexsite You should know how to<br />
conduct your life Isi mano elle tadibbirenna koo wagitta <br />
You must learn how to conduct yourself before your elders<br />
Isik naba marih garil elle gexgexsittanna barittam kol tan 4<br />
tabise Iron conducts electricity Birti kooran tabisa 2<br />
[kA~ndøkt] n xaacìyta / gexgexit (gexgexiti) His conduct is<br />
commendable Xaaciyti / Gexgexit kaak assakat le<br />
conductor [k´ndø~kt´] n 1 absiise He is a well-known<br />
orchestra conductor Usuk yimixxige musiika absiise 2<br />
tabseyna Copper is a good conductor of electricity Sufri<br />
kooraanah meqe tabseyna 3 tikìt yargiqi A bus conductor<br />
collects the fares Otibis tikit yargiqi nooli hiriga<br />
confederacy [k´nfE~dr´si] n doowàl qalli The Arab<br />
Confederacy meets in Egypt Qarab doowalih qalli Masril<br />
daffeyna le<br />
confederation [k´nfEd´re~Sn¢] n doolatiinì qalla Two<br />
countries formed a confederation Namma baaxo doolatiini<br />
qalla haysitte<br />
confer [k´nf‰~]~ v.intr agaarade We conferred for a long time<br />
yesterday Nanu kimal xer wakti fan agaaradne<br />
confer on [k´nf‰~r Ån]~ phr.v.tr hirige The president of the
union conferred a great honour on me Eglah saqal kaxxa<br />
konnaba yoo hirige<br />
confer with [k´nf‰~ wID~]~ prep.v luk caagiddoowe / malloowe<br />
I conferred with my elder brother over that matter Woo<br />
fardih inni saqal luk caagiddoowe / luk malloowe<br />
conference [kÅ~nfr´ns] n gaaboyna The President called<br />
the elders to a conference Ummuunoh Abba idoola<br />
gaaboynah seece<br />
confess [k´nfE~s] v.intr eeleme He confessed that he slept in<br />
Usuk xiinit raaqeh ugutem yeelemeh<br />
confession [k´nfE~Sn¢] n àalam (àalama) His confession of<br />
his mistake healed relations Usuk abe hoxih aalam fanti<br />
qalla gaciseh<br />
confide [k´nfA~Id] v.tr bàgu fake I confided my fears to him<br />
Liyo meysih bagu kaal fake<br />
confide in [k´nfA~Id In] prep.v ...-l bàgu fake He confided<br />
in his father Usuk isi abbal bagu fake<br />
confidence [kÅ~nfId´ns] n àkkal (àkkala) I have confidence<br />
in him Anu kaal akkal liyo<br />
confidences [kÅ~nfId´nsIz] n.pl sìrri She shared<br />
confidences with me Is sirri yol luk tengele<br />
confidential [kÅnfIdE~nSl¢] adj suturìt ibbixe These<br />
documents are confidential A sanooda suturit yabbixen<br />
confidentiality [kÅnfIdEntSIœ~lIti] n suturi dacayri / sirrì<br />
dacayri The confidentiality of this matter is essential A<br />
caagidih suturi dacayri / sirri dacayri faxximtaama<br />
confidentially [kÅnfIdE~ntSlI¢] adv suturit I told him<br />
confidentially Anu suturit kaah warise<br />
confine [k´nfA~In] phr.v.tr ...-t soola casbil hee The father<br />
confined his naughty boy to the house Abba matba le bàxa<br />
qarit soola casbil hee<br />
confinement [k´nfA~Inm´nt] n 1 soolacàsbi Following<br />
sentencing they placed him in confinement Kaal aben<br />
cokmabtol soolacasbi kaal heen 2 ullanìkso She spent her<br />
confinement in hospital Is ullanikso osbidaalal abte<br />
confirm [k´nf‰~m, kÅnf‰~m] v.tr diggoyse; ismite They<br />
confirmed the date of the boat’s departure Doonik edde<br />
tawqu wayta ayro diggoyseenih I can confirm that Anu<br />
wohim diggoysam duudah I confirmed the truth of the<br />
hearsay Texcetexceh iyyaanam numma kinnim ismiteh<br />
confirmation [kÅnf´me~Sn¢] n àsmat (àsmata) I have<br />
confirmation from him that what we heard was true<br />
Texcetexceh iyyaanam numma kinniimih asmat kaak liyo<br />
confiscate [kÅ~nfIsket] v.tr buube The government<br />
confiscated his houses Doolat qarwa kaak buubte<br />
conflict [kÅ~nflIkt] 1 n 1 daqwat (daqwàta); maysattaka The<br />
judge resolved the conflict between the husband and wife<br />
Barra kee baqli fanat suge daqwat garkure bicise There<br />
was a great conflict between the two armies Namma qande<br />
fanat gibdi maysattaka tekke 2 [k´nflI~kt] v.intr ingiicille <br />
These two accounts conflict; one of them is wrong A<br />
namma gabbaaqo tangiicillek; tiyak teyni numma mali<br />
59<br />
conflicting [k´nflI~ktIN] adj ingiicille The two conflicting<br />
accounts could not be reconciled Yingiicille namma<br />
gabbaaqi titta gee weem takkeh<br />
conform [k´nfO~m] v.intr gexsite. Because he didn’t conform<br />
in school, he was removed Usuk faslil gexsite weemih, kaa<br />
xiiriyen<br />
conform to [k´nfO~m tU] phr.v.tr …-t gexsite Women in<br />
some societies have to conform to restrictive laws<br />
Ayyuntittek tu agabul abtah tan waadommadqat gexsitaanam<br />
keenil tan<br />
conformist [k´nfO~mIst, kÅnfO~mIst] n geeraytùli, katayrorsìte<br />
It is better for a boy to say what he thinks rather than be a<br />
conformist Awki geeraytuli / katayrorsite yakkeemik isit<br />
celtam iyyam tayse<br />
conformity [k´nfO~mIti] n katayròor (katayròoru) <br />
Conformity requires going along with something, not<br />
stepping out of line Katayroor rikel daggaawe-ikkalah<br />
merracsimaanamat yaqarre<br />
confront [k´nfrø~nt] v.tr 1 foòcak ...-t garaye Our enemies<br />
confronted us Qaduwwi foocak net garaye 2 garayse He<br />
confronted his misdemeanours with verbal punishment<br />
Usuk kay umaabinat sahi garayse<br />
confrontation [kÅnfrøntE~Sn¢] n foocak foocah abte garay<br />
(garàya) Confrontation between police and demonstrators<br />
was reported Boliis kee uluuluka mara foocak foocah abte<br />
garay yiysixxigen<br />
confuse [k´nfju~z] v.tr eylelekke He confused me with his<br />
cousin Usuk yoo isi qammih baxat yeylelekkeh; I confused<br />
the reality and the fiction Anu tanim kee deedal eylelekkeh<br />
confused, become [k´nfju~z] v.intr aylalòkka baahe The<br />
sick lady became confused Biyaakitta barra aylalokka bahte<br />
confusion [k´nfju~Zn¢] n 1 badit (badìti) Why is there a<br />
confusion in this information? A xaagi badit akah lem<br />
macay? 2 aylalòkka He is subject to mental confusion<br />
Usuk misinkicah aylalokka le<br />
congeal [k´ndZi~´l] v.intr xiine / igribe Because of the cold<br />
the ghee I bought congealed Xamca sabbatah xaame subac<br />
yok xiineh / yigribeh The blood from his wound<br />
congealed Dalek kaak caxitak suge qabal yigribeh<br />
congratulate [k´Ngrœ~tSjulet] v.tr unkaqise We congratulated<br />
him on his success Usuk gee iysal kaa unkaqisneh<br />
congratulations [k´NgrœtSjule~Sn¢z, kÅNgrœtSjule~Sn¢z] n.pl<br />
unkaqiino We offered him congratulations upon the birth<br />
of a daughter Baxà kaah toobokeemih unkaqiino kaah abne<br />
congregate [kÅ~NgrIget] v.intr koboxe The workers<br />
congregated to hear the foreman Kabbo ankacisoonuh<br />
taamita mari koboxe<br />
congregation [kÅNgrIge~Sn¢] n gaaboowè mara I sat down<br />
with the religious congregation Anu diinih gaaboowe mara<br />
luk daffeye<br />
C