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172 Saga-Book of the Viking Society oneris gravitatem". In a letter to a friar who has declined the post of abbot we find the pair transferred into Norwegian - though the word-play has been ruined in the process: "peer pykkizst til preirrar tignar edr hreWr byrdar vsterkir". The old literature shows clearly that the Norwegians were fully integrated in the common culture of Europe. 4 1 I have treated this subject more widely in my book, Kult.urtradisjon ira en siorhetstid (1948), 318-51, where the sources for the examples quoted here will be found. The orthography of the quotations in this paper is that of the texts as they appear in the Diplomatariu", Noruegicum:
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISCOVERIES AND THE CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE NORSEMEN By BJORN J:>ORSTEINSSON IN the last volume of the Saga-Book mention was made of Professor Gwyn Jones's translation of nine sagas of the Icelanders, Eirik the Red and other Icelandic Sagas. Now he publishes a book about man's conquest and failure on the North Atlantic in the Viking Age.! It deals with the Norsemen's "voyages of discovery and exploration to Iceland, Greenland, and the coast of North America, and their attempt to colonize all three". The book falls into two main sections: the history itself, and the sources, but at the end there are a number of appendixes: a short essay on Njdls saga - "greatest of the Sagas" - and another about Straumfjoror in Vinland; a translation of the story of :P6rarinn Nefj6lfsson from Oldfs saga helga, and of a Greenland tale concerning Ungortok, the last Norse Greenlander. Also at the end is some account of the texts from which the translations are made, a bibliography and an index. The sources take up about half of the book. This is a collection of translations of the most important early Icelandic writings which relate to Viking discoveries. The whole of Ari's Libellus I slandorum is there, the basic text for Icelandic history before IIOO; there are those chapters from the Landndmab6k which record the discovery of Iceland and the first settlements there; then come the Greenland sagas which tell of the coming of the settlers, the foundation of the bishopric at Garoar, and the finding of North America, Vinland the good. Various other written sources exist concerning the 1 The Norse Atlantic Saga. London: Oxford University Press. 1964. 246 pp. F
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SAGA-BOOK VOL. XVI VIKING SOCIETY F
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THE LAY OF ATTILA By URSULA DRONKE
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The Lay of Attila 3 With this crypt
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The Lay of Attila 5 horrible plainn
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The Lay of Attila II "You believed
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THE DATE OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE
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Scandinavian Names in English Place
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"ON DEATH'S UNCERTAIN HOUR" By HALL
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BOOK REVIEWS EARLY ENGLISH AND NORS
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Book Reviews 27 1 LUCAS DEBES: FlER
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MARGRETAR SAGA AND ITS HISTORY IN I
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Margretar Saga and its History in I
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Book Reviews 373 handbook of theolo
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Book Reviews 375 GRADED READINGS AN
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Book Reviews 377 the saga of St Edm
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Book Reviews 379 coinages antedate
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