A history of Spanish literature - Cristo Raul

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VI PREFACE answer in this volume. The introductory chapter has been written to remind readers that the great figures of the Silver Age Seneca, Lucan, Martial, Quintilian were Spaniards as well as Romans. It further aims at tracing the stream of literature from its Roman fount to the channels of the Gothic period ; at defining the limits of Arabic and Hebrew influence on Spanish letters ; at refuting the theory which assumes the existence of immemorial romances, and at explaining the interaction between Spanish on the one side and Provencal and French on the other. It has been thought that this treatment saves much digression. Spanish literature, like our own, takes its root in French and in Italian soil ; in the anonymous epics, in the fableaux, as in Dante, Petrarch, and the Cinque Cento poets. Excessive patriotism leads men of all lands to magnify their literary history ; yet it may be claimed for Spain, as for England, that she has used her models without compromising her originality, absorbing here, annexing there, and finally dominating her first masters. But Spain's victorious course, splendid as it was in letters, arts, and arms, was comparatively brief. The heroic age of her literature extends over some hundred and fifty years, from the accession of Carlos Quinto to the death of Felipe IV. This period has been treated, as it deserves, at greater length than any other. The need of com- pression, confronting me at every page, has compelled the omission of many writers. I can only plead that I have used my discretion impartially, and I trust that no really representative figure will be found missing.
PREFACE My debts to predecessors will be gathered vii from the bibliographical appendix. I owe a very special acknow- ledgment to my friend Sr. D. Marcelino Menendez y Pelayo, the most eminent of Spanish scholars and critics. If I have sometimes dissented from him, I have done so with much hesitation, believing that any independent view is better than the mechanical repetition of authoritative verdicts. I have to thank Mr. Gosse for the great care with which he has read the proofs ; and to Mr. Henley, whose interest in all that touches Spain is of long stand- criticism. For ing, I am indebted for much suggestive advice on some points of I detail, am obliged to Sr. D. Ram6n Menendez Pidal, to Sr. D. Adolfo Bonilla y San Martin, and to Sr. D. Rafael Altamira y Crevea.
Page 2: [BRARY [HE UNIVERSITY OF CAL [FORNI
Page 7 and 8: A HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE BY
Page 9: PQ Tssll PREFACE SPANISH literature
Page 15 and 16: A HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE CHA
Page 17 and 18: THE BASQUE FACTOR 3 retouched and "
Page 19 and 20: THE SPANISH ROMANS 5 in Martial's u
Page 21 and 22: THE GOTHIC FACTOR 7 poetry, soldier
Page 23 and 24: PRUDENTI US : OROSIUS 9 he deserves
Page 25 and 26: THE JEWISH REVIVAL n scarcely less
Page 27 and 28: MAIMONIDES 13 to say, of Albertus M
Page 29 and 30: THE ARAB FALLACY 15 therefore long
Page 31 and 32: THE ARABIC INFLUENCE 17 loquial Ara
Page 33 and 34: ALJAMfA 19 with their fathers' spee
Page 35 and 36: THE ARAB DECADENCE 21 by the Abbot
Page 37 and 38: THE TRIUMPH OF CASTILIAN 23 people
Page 39 and 40: THE MYTHIC CANTILENAS 25 to say tha
Page 41 and 42: THE JUGLAR 27 early verse, is used
Page 43 and 44: THE TROVADCR 29 liana's is "a numer
Page 45 and 46: THE TROVADOR 31 savour), holds his
Page 47 and 48: THE ROMANCES 33 a fresh meaning in
Page 49 and 50: THE FRENCH INFLUENCE 35 his History
Page 51 and 52: INTERMEDIATE VERSE 37 and gentlemen
Page 53 and 54: LOST CANCIONEROS 39 And Alfonso's o
Page 55 and 56: THE CASTILIAN REACTION 41 Castilian
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER II THE ANONYMOUS AGE 1150-1
Page 59 and 60: MISTERIO DE LOS MAGOS 45 office, th
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POEMA DEL CID 47 and mutilated. The
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THE CID AND ROLAND 49 example prove
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THE AUTHOR OF THE POEMA 51 Indubita
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CANTAR DE RODRIGO 53 modern devices
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LOPE DE MOROS 55 upon the Flight in
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CHAPTER III THE AGE OF ALFONSO THE
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BERCEO 59 literary tradition. Berce
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BERCEO 6 1 invents a detail of his
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ALFONSO THE LEARNED 63 early Spanis
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sought to prove ALFONSO THE LEARNED
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ALFONSO'S COLLABORATORS 67 blush to
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ALFONSO'S CANTIGAS 69 embody in the
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KALILAH AND DIMNAH 71 For his part,
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SANCHO IV. 73 taken by his order du
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HISTORIA DE YUSUF 75 Whoever the wr
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JUAN RUIZ 77 never a more grotesque
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JUAN RUIZ 79 resemblance be- given
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JUAN MANUEL 81 latter shared in the
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JUAN MANUEL 83 Book, addressed to h
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ALFONSO ONCENO 85 charge ; and it i
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SEM TOB 87 rare and distant interva
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AYALA 89 father's defection in such
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AYALA 91 Cancionero de Baena (No. 5
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CHAPTER V THE AGE OF JUAN II. 1419-
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VILLENA 95 inopportune learning wit
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MACfAS: RODRfGUEZ 97 where a jealou
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SANTILLANA 99 tillana, in reviewing
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MENA 101 mere fact that Juan II.'s
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PREZ DE GUZMAN 103 but, as an authe
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CLAVIJO: GAMEZ 105 An interesting p
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MARTINEZ: LUCENA 107 ALFONSO MARTIN
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CHAPTER VI THE AGE OF ENRIQUE CATHO
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MINGO REVULGO in and Sarmiento's as
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GOMEZ MANRIQUE 113 rebellion of the
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JORGE MANRIQUE 115 but the theory i
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PALENCIA 117 tential Psalms, which
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PADILLA 119 in Asenjo Barbieri's Ca
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ENCINA 121 amorist. The dialogue is
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AMADlS DE GAULA 123 out, the sacred
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ROJAS 125 The first instance of its
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PULGAR: COLUMBUS 127 because of its
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.tr CHAPTER VII THE AGE OF CARLOS Q
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LEON HEBREO 131 of Burgos ; Petrarc
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TORRES NAHARRO 133 Naples in 1517 w
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GIL VICENTE 135 view stage-effects
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BOSCAN 137 in the year 1526, Navagi
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BOSCAN 139 Moreover, it was the sin
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BOSCAN 141 adjective there can be n
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GARCILASO 143 by all beholders by t
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GARCILASO 145 Auzi'as March, no dou
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GARCILASO 147 secular renown, but t
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CETINA: ACUftA 149 gals are excelle
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MENDOZA: CASTILLEJO 151 Plenipotent
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VILLEGAS: SILVESTRE 153 of Bottom t
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GUEVARA 155 GUEVARA (d. 1545), a Fr
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CORTES: BERNAL DIAZ 157 Indians is
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THE PICARESQUE NOVEL 159 son of the
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JUAN DE AVILA fry/vc the earlier is
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JUAN DE VALDES 163 just without bei
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CHAPTER VIII THE AGE OF FELIPE II.
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LOPE DE RUEDA 167 of four white she
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LOPE DE RUEDA 169 interlude turning
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oth in Latin and Castilian ; MALARA
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BERMUDEZ: ARTIEDA 173 vein the vein
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VIRUES: ARGENSOLA 175 essayed the e
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HERRERA 177 cated much of his verse
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HERRERA 179 in this spirit, aided b
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LUIS DE LE6N 181 cular. In March 15
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LUIS DE LE6N 183 of the Bishop of C
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TORRE AND QUEVEDO 185 rally forgott
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FIGUEROA 187 Italy. To conceive tha
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BARAHONA RUFO 189 BARAHONA DE SOTO
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posed ERCILLA 191 in either America
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SANTA TERESA 193 Such as then was a
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SANTA TERESA 195 Her masterpiece is
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SANTA TERESA 197 tude ; the faculti
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SAN JUAN DE LA CRUZ 199 spiritual r
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LUIS DE GRANADA 201 Council of Tren
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ARIAS MONTANO 203 of Northern think
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MONTEM6R 20$ have been a certain An
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ZURITA 207 Amor (1573), wherein Fre
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MENDOZA 209 lucky accident we owe t
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CHAPTER IX THE AGE OF LOPE DE VEGA
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CERVANTES 2 i 3 of the house he bro
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CERVANTES THE SOLDIER 215 sages wit
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THE GALATEA 217 classing the sonnet
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THE GALATEA 219 pany. In his Fourth
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CERVANTES THE DRAMATIST 221 of Zara
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THE NUMANCIA 223 Ye spirits vile, i
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THE NUMANCIA 225 Here, once more, w
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DON QUIXOTE 227 Vega's Dragontea (1
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DON QUIXOTE 229 Brown have industri
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DON QUIXOTE 231 author made his ons
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CERVANTES IN JAIL 233 and Don Quixo
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THE NOVELAS EXEMPLARES 235 and lowe
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THE VIAJE DEL PARNASO 237 that auth
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AVELLANEDA 239 imitation of Don Qui
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LOPE DE VEGA 241 smilingly confront
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LOPE THE SOLDIER 243 and therefore
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THE DRAGONTEA 245 makes no pretence
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LOPE'S SONNETS 247 How without guil
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LOPE THE PRIEST 249 Cold blasts whe
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THE FILOMENA 251 once seen and hear
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LOPE'S VERSATILITY 253 voluminous p
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LOPE'S FACILITY 255 Such force has
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are a most brilliant progeny ; LOPE
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LOPE'S DIALOGUE 259 Teodor^ Show mo
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LOPE'S FAULTS AND VIRTUES 261 sion.
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LOPE'S IMITATORS 263 passion of the
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he owes his revival ; LOPE'S ACHIEV
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MATED ALEMAN 267 with an insistence
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PfiREZ DE HITA 269 fifth siring to
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ANTONIO P^REZ 271 Of minor singers,
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MARIANA 273 In 1599 there appeared
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CHAPTER X THE AGE OF FELIPE IV. AND
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THE ARGENSOLAS 277 order of the Con
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GONGORA 279 Much meritorious academ
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'Jt&fe GONGORA'S FIRST MANNER 281 V
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GGNGORAS SECOND MANNER 283 We love
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EUPHUISM AND GONGORISM 285 shape. T
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THE SOLEDADES 287 Three helmsmen of
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G6NGORA AND LOPE 289 there is but o
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GONGORISM TRIUMPHANT 291 amour with
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294 SPANISH LITERATURE / rambled by
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296 SPANISH LITERATURE the Queen wa
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298 SPANISH LITERATURE Roca y Serna
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300 SPANISH LITERATURE was less lik
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302 SPANISH LITERATURE in December
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304 SPANISH LITERATURE de los Perro
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306 SPANISH LITERATURE her duty are
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308 SPANISH LITERATURE a name, and
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310 SPANISH LITERATURE opinion of h
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312 SPANISH LITERATURE playwright i
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314 SPANISH LITERATURE indecency. Y
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316 SPANISH LITERATURE Council for
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318 SPANISH LITERATURE Y RiAfJo (16
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320 SPANISH LITERATURE Come, sudden
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322 SPANISH LITERATURE So high and
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324 SPANISH LITERATURE " Who that i
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326 SPANISH LITERATURE Juan (coming
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328 SPANISH LITERATURE and the auto
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330 SPANISH LITERATURE imply some c
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332 SPANISH LITERATURE all the gold
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334 SPANISH LITERATURE CAVA&A (1618
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336 SPANISH LITERATURE a most disti
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338 SPANISH LITERATURE model of ene
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340 SPANISH LITERATURE matic amplif
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342 SPANISH LITERATURE no Spanish v
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344 SPANISH LITERATURE les etrivier
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346 SPANISH LITERATURE like his con
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348 SPANISH LITERATURE him to negle
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350 SPANISH LITERATURE critico owes
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352 SPANISH LITERATURE good faith ;
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354 SPANISH LITERATURE expelled fro
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356 SPANISH LITERATURE performance
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, * 358 SPANISH LITERATURE Fits Nat
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360 ?> C^_ LSI**-/ SPANISH LITERATU
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362 SPANISH LITERATURE a physical c
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364 SPANISH LITERATURE It is a stri
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' 366 SPANISH LITERATURE melodies :
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368 SPANISH LITERATURE This is as c
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370 SPANISH LITERATURE summate addr
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372 SPANISH LITERATURE by ranking h
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374 SPANISH LITERATURE often wearis
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376 SPANISH LITERATURE astute haran
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378 SPANISH LITERATURE The three vo
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380 SPANISH LITERATURE been elabora
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382 SPANISH LITERATURE campaign cal
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384 SPANISH LITERATURE turned to me
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386 SPANISH LITERATURE with all his
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388 SPANISH LITERATURE cation dates
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390 SPANISH LITERATURE with town li
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392 I ./ f i V . SPANISH LITERATURE
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394 SPANISH LITERATURE the Sra. Par
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396 SPANISH LITERATURE DE ARCE (b.
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398 SPANISH LITERATURE Emilio Cotar
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400 BIBLIOGRAPHY Garcia (1884), F.
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402 BIBLIOGRAPHY case against the p
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404 BIBLIOGRAPHY CHAPTER IV Most of
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406 1873) ; and by Luclwig BIBLIOGR
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408 BIBLIOGRAPHY in his Biblioteca
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410 BIBLIOGRAPHY lent. Edmund Borer
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412 BIBLIOGRAPHY Mori's invaluable
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414 Bances Candamo, Francisco Anton
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4i6 Enrique IV., Cr6nica de, 117 En
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Isidore Pacensis, II 1 Isla, Franci
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420 Mosquerade Figueroa, Cristobal,
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422 Santisteban y Osorio, Diego, 19
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. ' t
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