Guideline for the Design and Use of Asphalt Pavements for ...

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maximum aggregate size, but also the desired gradation (distribution of sizes smaller than the maximum). 2. Cleanliness - Foreign or deleterious/organic substances make some materials unsuitable for paving mixtures. Plastic fines are also unsuitable in paving aggregates. 3. Toughness - Toughness or hardness is the ability of the aggregate to resist crushing or disintegration during mixing, placing and compacting; or under traffic loading. 4. Soundness - Although similar to toughness, soundness is the aggregate's ability to resist deterioration caused by natural elements such as the weather. 5. Particle shape - The shapes of aggregate particles influence the asphalt mixture's overall strength and workability as well as the density achieved during compaction. When compacted, irregular angular shaped particles such as crushed stone tend to "lock" together and resist displacement. Flat and elongated aggregate particles should be avoided because during placement and compaction they tend to align themselves horizontally and do not "lock" together resulting in loss of stability and strength in the mix. 6. Surface texture - Workability and pavement strength are influenced by surface texture. A rough, sandpaper-like surface texture results in a higher strength than a smooth texture. Although smoothfaced aggregates are easy to coat with an asphalt film, they are generally not as good as rough surfaces. It is harder for the asphalt to "grip" the smooth surface. 7. Absorption - The porosity of an aggregate permits it to absorb asphalt and form a bond between the aggregate particle and the asphalt. Some degree of porosity is desired, but aggregates that are highly absorbent are generally not desirable. 8. Stripping - When the asphalt film separates from the aggregate because of the action of water, it is called stripping. Stripping usually starts at the bottom of the HMA layer and progresses upward. When stripping starts at the surface and progresses downward it results in raveling. Aggregates coated with too much dust also can cause poor bonding between the aggregate and the asphalt binder, which results in stripping. Some aggregates are more compatible with asphalt than others. Aggregates readily susceptible to stripping action usually are not suitable for HMA paving mixes unless an anti-stripping agent or lime is used. High-silica-content-aggregates (silica) are not as compatible with asphalt as are aggregates that have high magnesium and iron (mafic).
CHAPTER TWO PAVEMENT DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Page 1: 2nd Edition, January 2006 Guideline
Page 5: ENDORSEMENTS This guideline was dev
Page 9: CHAPTER ONE ASPHALT AND HOT MIX ASP
Page 12 and 13: almost entirely of bitumen. The bit
Page 14 and 15: Emulsions are graded based on how q
Page 16 and 17: publication of The Asphalt Institut
Page 18 and 19: Table 1-4 PG Grades of Binders Spec
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER TWO PAVEMENT DESIGN CONSIDE
Page 25 and 26: ! Pit identification ! Bin combinat
Page 27 and 28: Aggregate Test Property Fine Aggreg
Page 29 and 30: · Asphalt binder grade (PG: 64-22,
Page 31 and 32: The maximum performance period to b
Page 33 and 34: 18k ESAL20 = 62,000 + 80R (2-1) Whe
Page 35 and 36: SOIL SUPPORT CAPABILITY The ability
Page 37 and 38: · It indicates a basic material pr
Page 39 and 40: ! 100 percent of the material has t
Page 41: Aggregate base provides a drainable
Page 45 and 46: THICKNESS DESIGN GENERAL CONSIDERAT
Page 47 and 48: Because of the highly variable natu
Page 49 and 50: important to note that these values
Page 51 and 52: Table 3-4 Pavement Serviceability I
Page 53 and 54: Table 3-6 STRENGTH COEFFICIENTS Com
Page 55 and 56: Design Example Problem: A roadway p
Page 57: m2, m3, mn = drainage coefficient f
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER FOUR SUBGRADE AND AGGREGATE
Page 63 and 64: Table 4-1 Structural Coefficients f
Page 65 and 66: Sieve Size Table 4-3 Gradations for
Page 67: CHAPTER FIVE CONSTRUCTION OF HOT MI
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CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT It is the re
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liquid asphalt to the temperature r
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Mineral filler handling also involv
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Preventing Segregation Figure 5-4 M
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Compaction Equipment Compaction equ
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subgrade. The material should be sp
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The roadway surface should be dry a
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moving the entire pile. Also, suffi
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The performance based specification
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There are many causes attributed to
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ensure satisfactory design, it is n
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ank slides and slope instability. S
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Pavement markings on public highway
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CHAPTER SIX GEOSYNTHETICS AND THEIR
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Geomat - A three-dimensional, perme
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The most popular used fabric is bla
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Another problem, related to liquid
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1. Discourage lengthy windrows of H
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CHAPTER SEVEN HIGH TRAFFIC VOLUME I
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ASSESSING PROBLEMS WITH EXISTING IN
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Asphalt thickness < Traffic type an
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DRAINAGE Adequate subsurface and su
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CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES A final and
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CHAPTER EIGHT PARKING LOT DESIGN
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pedestrian traffic-flow study is im
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THICKNESS DESIGN FOR PARKING LOTS T
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Many parking facilities have some f
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CHAPTER NINE DESIGNS FOR RECREATION
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maintenance or emergency vehicles,
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RECREATIONAL AREAS The following in
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COURT LAYOUT The basic layout and d
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CHAPTER TEN LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSI
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LCCA need only consider differentia
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Salvage value should be based on th
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CHAPTER ELEVEN PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
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extend its life for many years. If
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Inspector: Date: Pavement Section:
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Table 11-2 shows an example of the
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INTERPRETATION OF A CONDITION RATIN
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Table 11-4 Maintenance Alternatives
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ecommended because the extra crack
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increase costs significantly. The p
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CHAPTER TWELVE PAVEMENT REHABILITAT
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Collecting data at the network leve
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RECYCLING ASPHALT PAVEMENTS (RAP) A
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! Adding asphalt waterproofs the ba
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The procedural steps in the rubbliz
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CHAPTER THIRTEEN PAVEMENT MANAGEMEN
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More and more airport authorities a
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Project Ranking Figure 13-1 Airport
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pavement areas. Information about i
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on the performance of a section are
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To ensure a minimum standard for se
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7. Compact each lift of the patch t
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Adequate preparation of the existin
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CHAPTER FOURTEEN TROUBLESHOOTING AN
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Considerable effort has been exerte
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VISUAL ANALYSIS REPORT A summary of
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$ Density $ Thickness - Each core s
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APPENDIX A Asphalt Binder Grade Sel
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Using theoretical analyses of actua
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98 percent reliability , it is nece
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Step 2: Obtain the Superpave recomm
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Traffic Characteristic < 10 7 10 7
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MGPEC Form # 9 (1-14-2005) • Mixt
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APPENDIX C Web Site Addresses Organ
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