Burnham Beeches Management Plan 2010 - the City of London ...

Glossary
Ancient woodland: woodland that has existed since at least 1600.
City’s Cash: income from investments that date back to the rebuilding of the City after the Great Fire of
London, initially funded by tolls on merchants entering to trade within the City boundaries.
Coppice: a tree or block of trees cut once or more, close to ground level to obtain wood from the
branches.
Ecosystem services: the goods (e.g. food, fibre and clean water) and services (e.g. water purification,
enVIRonmenT
pollination and climate regulation) which are provided by ecosystems. They sustain human well being.
Heathland: an area of vegetation characterised by heathers, on impoverished soils that is the result of
thousands of years of exploitation by humans.
clAss
Herptiles: reptiles and amphibians.
Higher Level Stewardship (HLS) Scheme: grant aid to deliver significant environmental benefits in high
priority situations and areas.
In favourable condition: a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) that meets with Natural England
WoRld
conservation objectives.
A
Mire: a wetland area with peaty soils.
national Character Area: there are 159 NCAs in the UK; each has a particular combination of
physiographic, land use, historical and cultural attributes.
needs
national nature Reserve (nnR): designation for the best SSSI sites in England. Research and
monitoring is promoted on NNRs.
Pollard: a tree that has been cut once or more, at a height of above 1.5 m to obtain a crop of branches.
cITy
Scheduled ancient monument (SAM): a structure listed by English Heritage as being of importance and
hence protected.
Secondary woodland: woodland that has grown up on previously open land such as heathland or
clAss
farmland; it lacks the overall diversity of undisturbed ancient woodland.
Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI): designation giving legal protection in order to conserve the
best of the UK’s wildlife and geological heritage.
WoRld
Special area of Conservation: a designation for the best sites in Europe for nature conservation.
A
Wood pasture: please see text box on page 13.
glossary
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