Review of Cabling Techniques and Environmental Effects Applicable

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Review of Cabling Techniques and Environmental Effects Applicable to the Offshore Wind Farm Industry – Technical Report It is from the evidence presented in the ES, and subsequent critical analysis by a range of appropriate authorities, that the necessary consents are granted and any conditions with regard to mitigation, monitoring and best practice are applied. Offshore cabling applications and offshore wind farm applications require developers to obtain a number of consents. A summary of these consents are set out in Table 2.1. The standards and codes of practice necessary for subsea cabling activities for the development of an offshore wind farm are provided in Appendix A. Specifically, for cabling activities associated with the offshore wind farm industry, a FEPA and CPA licence is required for: ● ● 16 Installation of cables; and Deposition of material for cable/scour protection purposes such as rock armouring and grout bags. Under FEPA, the decision as to whether a licence will be granted will depend on the assessment by the Licensing Authority of potential hydrological effects, risk to fish, mammals and other marine life from contaminants, noise and vibration, effects from potential increases in turbidity, smothering and burial of marine life, any adverse implications to designated marine conservation areas or interference to other marine and coastal users. Under CPA, the Secretary of State must determine whether marine works will be detrimental to the safety of navigation in relation to the cabling installation/ removal activities. Guidance for EIA in respect of FEPA and CPA requirements is provided by CEFAS (CEFAS, 2004). If an offshore wind farm development is planning a high voltage electrical connection to the onshore grid, then use of the transmission assets involved – the offshore substations, related electrical plant, and export cables – will require a transmission licence under the Electricity Act 1989. A distribution licence would be required if the electrical connection is at low voltage. These licensing regimes are currently under development and are likely to be introduced in 2008 and 2007 respectively. Further information on obtaining licences for offshore transmission and/or distribution can be obtained from the Offshore Transmission Team at BERR and on the BERR website.
Legislation Table 2.1: Statutory licences and consents for offshore wind farms Act of Parliament Consent type Competent Authority Section 36 – Electricity Act (EA) 1989 (as amended by the Energy Act 2004) Electricity (Northern Ireland) Order 1992 Section 37 – Electricity Act (EA) 1989 Section 5 and 6 – Electricity Act (EA) 1989 Section 5 – Food & Environment Protection Act (FEPA) (Part II) 1985 Section 34 – Coast Protection Act (CPA) 1949 Section 90 or Section 57 – Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Section 57 or Section 28 – Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 Section 109 – Water Resource Act 1991 Section 20 – Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 For offshore wind power generating stations within territorial waters adjacent to England and Wales. For overhead electric power lines associated with offshore wind farm projects. For the transmission or distribution of electricity. For depositing articles or material in the sea/tidal waters below mean high water springs (MHWS), including the placement of construction material or disposal of waste dredging. Construction under or over the seashore lying below MHWS. To make provision for the safety of navigation in relation to the export cable route and inter-turbine cabling network Deemed planning permission sought as part of the Section 36 applications for the onshore elements of the cable route. Section 57 – planning permission is sought separately, from the relevant local planning authority. To erect a structure e.g. cabling in, over or under a water course that is part of a main river Transport and Works Act 1992 Relating to offshore generating stations and works which may interfere with rights of navigation. Source: Adapted from DTI guidance (2004) BERR (England & Wales) Scottish Executive (Scotland) DETI (Northern Ireland) Ofgem Marine Consents Environment Unit (MCEU) of DEFRA Environment and Heritage Service (EHS) of the Department of the Environment (DOENI) Scottish Office of Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries Department (SOAEFD) MCEU EHS (DOENI) SOAEFD BERR (England & Wales) Scottish Executive (Scotland) DETINI (Northern Ireland) Environment Agency (England and Wales) Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) (Scotland) Rivers Agency (Northern Ireland) BERR (England & Wales) Scottish Executive (Scotland) DETINI (Northern Ireland) 17
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4 Physical change 4.1 Introduction
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6 Good practice measures This secti
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7 Gaps in understanding Research fo
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References Introduction Sinden, G.
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Appendix A: Standards and codes of
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