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SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

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MANOVA: Repeated Measures 883<br />

describing the effects to be tested with between-subjects factors. The default for both<br />

types of design is a full factorial model.<br />

• MANOVA always performs an orthonormal transformation of the dependent variables in a<br />

repeated measures analysis. By default, MANOVA renames them as T1, T2, and so forth.<br />

Basic Specification<br />

• The basic specification is a variable list followed by the WSFACTORS subcommand.<br />

• By default, MANOVA performs special repeated measures processing. Default output<br />

includes SIGNIF(AVERF) but not SIGNIF(UNIV). In addition, for any within-subjects effect<br />

involving more than one transformed variable, the Mauchly test of sphericity is displayed<br />

to test the assumption that the covariance matrix of the transformed variables is constant<br />

on the diagonal and zero off the diagonal. The Greenhouse-Geiser epsilon and the Huynh-<br />

Feldt epsilon are also displayed for use in correcting the significance tests in the event that<br />

the assumption of sphericity is violated.<br />

Subcommand Order<br />

• The list of dependent variables, factors, and covariates must be first.<br />

• WSFACTORS must be the first subcommand used after the variable list.<br />

<strong>Syntax</strong> Rules<br />

• The WSFACTORS (within-subjects factors), WSDESIGN (within-subjects design), and<br />

MEASURE subcommands are used only in repeated measures analysis.<br />

• WSFACTORS is required for any repeated measures analysis.<br />

• If WSDESIGN is not specified, a full factorial within-subjects design consisting of all main<br />

effects and interactions among within-subjects factors is used by default.<br />

• The MEASURE subcommand is used for doubly multivariate designs, in which the dependent<br />

variables represent repeated measurements of more than one variable.<br />

• Do not use the TRANSFORM subcommand with the WSFACTORS subcommand because<br />

WSFACTORS automatically causes an orthonormal transformation of the dependent<br />

variables.<br />

Limitations<br />

• Maximum 20 between-subjects factors. There is no limit on the number of measures for<br />

doubly multivariate designs.<br />

• Memory requirements depend primarily on the number of cells in the design. For the<br />

default full factorial model, this equals the product of the number of levels or categories<br />

in each factor.

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