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SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

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872 MANOVA: Multivariate<br />

Variable Lists<br />

after using TRANSFORM. In this case, specify the original names. OMEANS displays<br />

observed means of original variables (see the OMEANS subcommand on p. 855 in<br />

MANOVA: Univariate).<br />

• By default, MANOVA applies the transformation you request to all continuous variables<br />

(dependent variables and covariates).<br />

• You can enter a variable list in parentheses following the TRANSFORM subcommand. If<br />

you do, only the listed variables are transformed.<br />

• You can enter multiple variable lists, separated by slashes, within a single set of parentheses.<br />

Each list must have the same number of variables, and the lists must not overlap.<br />

The transformation is applied separately to the variables on each list.<br />

• In designs with covariates, transform only the dependent variables, or, in some designs,<br />

apply the same transformation separately to the dependent variables and the covariates.<br />

CONTRAST, BASIS, and ORTHONORM Keywords<br />

You can control how the transformation matrix is to be generated from the specified contrasts.<br />

If none of these three keywords is specified on TRANSFORM, the default is CONTRAST.<br />

CONTRAST Generate the transformation matrix directly from the contrast matrix specified<br />

(see the CONTRAST subcommand on p. 847 in MANOVA: Univariate).<br />

This is the default.<br />

BASIS Generate the transformation matrix from the one-way basis matrix corresponding<br />

to the specified contrast matrix. BASIS makes a difference only if<br />

the transformation contrasts are not orthogonal.<br />

ORTHONORM Orthonormalize the transformation matrix by rows before use. MANOVA<br />

eliminates redundant rows. By default, orthonormalization is not done.<br />

• CONTRAST and BASIS are alternatives and are mutually exclusive.<br />

• ORTHONORM is independent of the CONTRAST/BASIS choice; you can enter it before or<br />

after either of those keywords.<br />

Transformation Methods<br />

To specify a transformation method, use one of the following keywords available on the<br />

TRANSFORM subcommand. Note that these are identical to the keywords available for the<br />

CONTRAST subcommand (see the CONTRAST subcommand on p. 847 in MANOVA:<br />

Univariate). However, in univariate designs, they are applied to the different levels of a factor.<br />

Here they are applied to the continuous variables in the analysis. This reflects the fact<br />

that the different dependent variables in a multivariate MANOVA setup can often be thought<br />

of as corresponding to different levels of some factor.<br />

• The transformation keyword (and its specifications, if any) must follow all other specifications<br />

on the TRANSFORM subcommand.

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