SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

MANOVA: Univariate 865
• The number does not refer to the number of partitioned effects (see “Partitioned Effects:
Number in Parentheses” on p. 863).
Example
MANOVA YIELD BY SEED(2,4) FERT(1,3) PLOT (3,5)
/DESIGN = FERT WITHIN PLOT(1) WITHIN SEED(2)
• This example requests the effect of FERT within the second SEED level of the first PLOT
level.
• The second SEED level is associated with value 3 and the first PLOT level is associated
with value 3.
Use MWITHIN to request simple effects of within-subjects factors in repeated measures
analysis (see MANOVA: Repeated Measures).
Pooled Effects: Plus Sign
To pool different effects for the purpose of significance testing, join the effects with a plus
sign (+). A single test is made for the combined effect of the pooled terms.
• The keyword BY is evaluated before effects are pooled together.
• Parentheses are not allowed to change the order of evaluation. For example, it is illegal to
specify (A + B) BY C. You must specify /DESIGN=A BY C + B BY C.
Example
MANOVA Y BY A(1,3) B(1,4) WITH X
/ANALYSIS=Y
/DESIGN=A, B, A BY B, A BY X + B BY X + A BY B BY X.
• This example shows how to test homogeneity of regressions in a two-way analysis of
variance.
• The + signs are used to produce a pooled test of all interactions involving the covariate X.
If this test is significant, the assumption of homogeneity of variance is questionable.
MUPLUS Keyword
MUPLUS combines the constant term (µ) in the model with the term specified after it. The normal
use of this specification is to obtain parameter estimates that represent weighted means
for the levels of some factor. For example, MUPLUS SEED represents the constant, or overall,
mean plus the effect for each level of SEED. The significance of such effects is usually uninteresting,
but the parameter estimates represent the weighted means for each level of SEED,
adjusted for any covariates in the model.
• MUPLUS cannot appear more than once on a given DESIGN subcommand.
• MUPLUS is the only way to get standard errors for the predicted mean for each level of the
factor specified.
• Parameter estimates are not displayed by default; you must explicitly request them on the
PRINT subcommand or via a CONTRAST subcommand.