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SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

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DESIGN Subcommand<br />

MANOVA: Univariate 863<br />

DESIGN specifies the effects included in a specific model. It must be the last subcommand<br />

entered for any model.<br />

The cells in a design are defined by all of the possible combinations of levels of the factors<br />

in that design. The number of cells equals the product of the number of levels of all the<br />

factors. A design is balanced if each cell contains the same number of cases. MANOVA can<br />

analyze both balanced and unbalanced designs.<br />

• Specify a list of terms to be included in the model, separated by spaces or commas.<br />

• The default design, if the DESIGN subcommand is omitted or is specified by itself, is a full<br />

factorial model containing all main effects and all orders of factor-by-factor interaction.<br />

• If the last subcommand specified is not DESIGN, a default full factorial design is estimated.<br />

• To include a term for the main effect of a factor, enter the name of the factor on the<br />

DESIGN subcommand.<br />

• To include a term for an interaction between factors, use the keyword BY to join the factors<br />

involved in the interaction.<br />

• Terms are entered into the model in the order in which you list them on DESIGN. If you<br />

have specified SEQUENTIAL on the METHOD subcommand to partition the sums of<br />

squares in a hierarchical fashion, this order may affect the significance tests.<br />

• You can specify other types of terms in the model, as described in the following sections.<br />

• Multiple DESIGN subcommands are accepted. An analysis of one model is produced for<br />

each DESIGN subcommand.<br />

Example<br />

MANOVA Y BY A(1,2) B(1,2) C(1,3)<br />

/DESIGN<br />

/DESIGN A, B, C<br />

/DESIGN A, B, C, A BY B, A BY C.<br />

• The first DESIGN produces the default full factorial design, with all main effects and<br />

interactions for factors A, B, and C.<br />

• The second DESIGN produces an analysis with main effects only for A, B, and C.<br />

• The third DESIGN produces an analysis with main effects and the interactions between A<br />

and the other two factors. The interaction between B and C is not in the design, nor is the<br />

interaction between all three factors.<br />

Partitioned Effects: Number in Parentheses<br />

You can specify a number in parentheses following a factor name on the DESIGN subcommand<br />

to identify individual degrees of freedom or partitions of the degrees of freedom associated<br />

with an effect.<br />

• If you specify PARTITION, the number refers to a partition. Partitions can include more<br />

than one degree of freedom (see the PARTITION subcommand on p. 849). For example,<br />

if the first partition of SEED includes two degrees of freedom, the term SEED(1) on a<br />

DESIGN subcommand tests the two degrees of freedom.

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