SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

856 MANOVA: Univariate
• MANOVA displays both weighted means, in which all cases count equally, and unweighted
means, in which all cells count equally.
PMEANS Subcommand
PMEANS (predicted means) displays a table of the predicted cell means of the dependent
variable, both adjusted for the effect of covariates in the cell and unadjusted for covariates.
For comparison, it also displays the observed cell means.
• Output from PMEANS can be computationally expensive.
• PMEANS without any additional specifications displays a table showing for each cell the
observed mean of the dependent variable, the predicted mean adjusted for the effect of
covariates in that cell (ADJ. MEAN), the predicted mean unadjusted for covariates (EST.
MEAN), and the raw and standardized residuals from the estimated means.
• Cells are numbered in output from PMEANS so that the levels vary most rapidly on the
factor named last in the MANOVA variables specification. A table showing the levels of
each factor corresponding to each cell number is displayed at the beginning of the
MANOVA output.
• Predicted means are suppressed for any design in which the MUPLUS keyword appears.
• Covariates are not predicted.
• In designs with covariates and multiple error terms, use the ERROR subcommand to
designate which error term’s regression coefficients are to be used in calculating the
standardized residuals.
For univariate analysis, the following keywords are available on the PMEANS subcommand:
TABLES Additional tables showing adjusted predicted means for specified factors or
combinations of factors. Enter the names of factors or combinations of
factors in parentheses after this keyword. For each factor or combination,
MANOVA displays the predicted means (adjusted for covariates) collapsed
over all other factors.
PLOT A plot of the predicted means for each cell.
Example
MANOVA DEP BY A(1,4) B(1,3)
/PMEANS TABLES(A, B, A BY B)
/DESIGN = A, B.
• PMEANS displays the default table of observed and predicted means for DEP and raw and
standardized residuals in each of the 12 cells in the model.
• The TABLES specification on PMEANS displays tables of predicted means for A (collapsing
over B), for B (collapsing over A), and all combinations of A and B.
• Because A and B are the only factors in the model, the means for A by B in the TABLES
specification come from every cell in the model. They are identical to the adjusted predicted
means in the default PMEANS table, which always includes all non-empty cells.
• Predicted means for A by B can be requested in the TABLES specification, even though the
A by B effect is not in the design.