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SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

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ERROR Keyword<br />

MANOVA: Univariate 855<br />

Generally, the keyword ERROR on PRINT produces error matrices. In univariate analyses, the<br />

only valid specification for ERROR is STDDEV, which is the default if ERROR is specified by<br />

itself.<br />

STDDEV The error standard deviation. Normally, this is the within-cells standard deviation<br />

of the dependent variable. If you specify multiple error terms on DESIGN, this specification<br />

will display the standard deviation for each.<br />

OMEANS Subcommand<br />

OMEANS (observed means) displays tables of the means of continuous variables for levels or<br />

combinations of levels of the factors.<br />

• Use the keywords VARIABLES and TABLES to indicate which observed means you want<br />

to display.<br />

• With no specifications, the OMEANS subcommand is equivalent to requesting CELLINFO<br />

(MEANS)on PRINT.<br />

• OMEANS displays confidence intervals for the cell means if you have set the width to 132.<br />

• Output from OMEANS is displayed once before the analysis of any particular design. This<br />

subcommand should be specified only once.<br />

VARIABLES Continuous variables for which you want means. Specify the variables in<br />

parentheses after the keyword VARIABLES. You can request means for the<br />

dependent variable or any covariates. If you omit the VARIABLES keyword,<br />

observed means are displayed for the dependent variable and all covariates.<br />

If you enter the keyword VARIABLES, you must also enter the<br />

keyword TABLES, discussed below.<br />

TABLES Factors for which you want the observed means displayed. List in<br />

parentheses the factors, or combinations of factors, separated with BY.<br />

Observed means are displayed for each level, or combination of levels, of the<br />

factors named (see the example below). Both weighted means and unweighted<br />

means (where all cells are weighted equally, regardless of the number of cases<br />

they contain) are displayed. If you enter the keyword CONSTANT, the grand<br />

mean is displayed.<br />

Example<br />

MANOVA DEP BY A(1,3) B(1,2)<br />

/OMEANS=TABLES(A,B)<br />

/DESIGN.<br />

• Because there is no VARIABLES specification on the OMEANS subcommand, observed<br />

means are displayed for all continuous variables. DEP is the only dependent variable here,<br />

and there are no covariates.<br />

• The TABLES specification on the OMEANS subcommand requests tables of observed<br />

means for each of the three categories of A (collapsing over B) and for both categories of<br />

B (collapsing over A).

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