SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

MANOVA: Univariate 849
The specified contrast compares the other levels to the first level of B, in
which B has the value 2. Simple contrasts are not orthogonal.
REPEATED Comparison of adjacent levels. Each level of the factor except the first is
compared to the previous level. Repeated contrasts are not orthogonal.
SPECIAL A user-defined contrast. After this keyword, enter a square matrix in parentheses
with as many rows and columns as there are levels in the factor. The
first row represents the mean effect of the factor and is generally a vector of
1’s. It represents a set of weights indicating how to collapse over the categories
of this factor in estimating parameters for other factors. The other rows
of the contrast matrix contain the special contrasts indicating the desired
comparisons between levels of the factor. If the special contrasts are linear
combinations of each other, MANOVA reports the linear dependency and
stops processing.
Orthogonal contrasts are particularly useful. In a balanced design, contrasts are orthogonal if
the sum of the coefficients in each contrast row is 0 and if, for any pair of contrast rows, the
products of corresponding coefficients sum to 0. DIFFERENCE, HELMERT, and POLYNOMIAL
contrasts always meet these criteria in balanced designs.
Example
MANOVA DEP BY FAC(1,5)
/CONTRAST(FAC)=DIFFERENCE
/DESIGN=FAC(1) FAC(2) FAC(3) FAC(4).
• The factor FAC has five categories and therefore four degrees of freedom.
• CONTRAST requests DIFFERENCE contrasts, which compare each level (except the first)
with the mean of the previous levels.
• Each of the four degrees of freedom is tested individually on the DESIGN subcommand.
PARTITION Subcommand
PARTITION subdivides the degrees of freedom associated with a factor. This permits you to
test the significance of the effect of a specific contrast or group of contrasts of the factor
instead of the overall effect of all contrasts of the factor. The default is a single degree of
freedom for each partition.
• Specify the factor name in parentheses following the PARTITION subcommand.
• Specify an integer list in parentheses after the optional equals sign to indicate the degrees
of freedom for each partition.
• Each value in the partition list must be a positive integer, and the sum of the values cannot
exceed the degrees of freedom for the factor.
• The degrees of freedom available for a factor are one less than the number of levels of the
factor.
• The meaning of each degree of freedom depends upon the contrast type for the factor. For
example, with deviation contrasts (the default for between-subjects factors), each degree
of freedom represents the deviation of the dependent variable in one level of the factor