SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

Overview
Example 2
* Analysis of Covariance
MANOVA RESULT BY TREATMNT(1,4) GROUP(1,2) WITH RAINFALL.
Example 3
* Repeated Measures Analysis
MANOVA SCORE1 TO SCORE4 BY CLASS(1,2)
/WSFACTORS=MONTH(4).
Example 4
* Parallelism Test with Crossed Factors
MANOVA YIELD BY PLOT(1,4) TYPEFERT(1,3) WITH FERT
/ANALYSIS YIELD
/DESIGN FERT, PLOT, TYPEFERT, PLOT BY TYPEFERT,
FERT BY PLOT + FERT BY TYPEFERT
+ FERT BY PLOT BY TYPEFERT.
MANOVA: Overview 841
MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) is a generalized procedure for analysis of variance
and covariance. MANOVA is a powerful analysis-of-variance procedure and can be used
for both univariate and multivariate designs. MANOVA allows you to perform the following
tasks:
• Specify nesting of effects.
• Specify individual error terms for effects in mixed-model analyses.
• Estimate covariate-by-factor interactions to test the assumption of homogeneity of
regressions.
• Obtain parameter estimates for a variety of contrast types, including irregularly spaced
polynomial contrasts with multiple factors.
• Test user-specified special contrasts with multiple factors.
• Partition effects in models.
• Pool effects in models.
MANOVA and General Linear Model (GLM)
MANOVA is available only in syntax. GLM (general linear model), the other generalized procedure
for analysis of variance and covariance in SPSS, is available both in syntax and via the
dialog boxes. The major distinction between GLM and MANOVA in terms of statistical design
and functionality is that GLM uses a non-full-rank, or overparameterized, indicator variable
approach to parameterization of linear models instead of the full-rank reparameterization
approach used in MANOVA. The generalized inverse approach and the aliasing of redundant
parameters to zero used by GLM allow greater flexibility in handling a variety of data situa-