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SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

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INCLUDE<br />

INCLUDE FILE=file<br />

Example<br />

Overview<br />

INCLUDE FILE=GSSLABS.<br />

INCLUDE includes a file of commands in a session. INCLUDE is especially useful for<br />

including a long series of data definition statements or transformations. Another use for<br />

INCLUDE is to set up a library of commonly used commands and include them in the<br />

command sequence as they are needed.<br />

INCLUDE allows you to run multiple commands together during a session and can save<br />

time. Complex or repetitive commands can be stored in a command file and included in the<br />

session, while simpler commands or commands unique to the current analysis can be<br />

entered during the session, before and after the included file.<br />

Basic Specification<br />

The only specification is the FILE subcommand, which specifies the file to include. When<br />

INCLUDE is executed, the commands in the specified file are processed.<br />

<strong>Syntax</strong> Rules<br />

• <strong>Command</strong>s in an included file must begin in column 1, and continuation lines for each<br />

command must be indented at least one column.<br />

• A raw data file can be used as an include file if the first line of the included file contains<br />

the BEGIN DATA command and the last line contains the END DATA command. However,<br />

because the data are specified between BEGIN DATA and END DATA, they are limited to a<br />

maximum of 80 columns (the maximum may be fewer than 80 columns on some systems).<br />

• As many INCLUDE commands as needed can be used in a session.<br />

• INCLUDE commands can be nested so that one set of included commands includes<br />

another set of commands. This nesting can go to five levels. However, a file cannot be<br />

included that is still open from a previous step.<br />

Operations<br />

• If an included file contains a FINISH command, the session ends and no further<br />

commands are processed.<br />

771

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