SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

CTABLES 395
• The SUBTOTAL keyword is used within a category list to request subtotals for a variable.
The position of a subtotal within the list determines where it will appear in the table and the
categories to which it applies. By default, a subtotal applies to all values that precede it up
to the next subtotal. If POSITION=BEFORE is specified (see Totals on p. 397), subtotals apply
to the categories that follow them in the list. Hierarchical and overlapping subtotals are
not supported. You can specify a label for a subtotal by placing it in quotes immediately following
the SUBTOTAL keyword and an equals sign, as illustrated in the following example.
Example
CTABLES /TABLE AGECAT
/CATEGORIES VARIABLES=AGECAT [1, 2, 3, SUBTOTAL=’Subtotal < 45’,
4, 5, 6, SUBTOTAL=’Subtotal 45+’].
Age
category
Less than 25
25 to 34
35 to 44
Subtotal < 45
45 to 54
55 to 64
65 or older
Subtotal 45+
Implicit Category Specification
Count
242
627
679
1548
481
320
479
1280
The implicit list allows you to sort the categories and to show or hide user-missing values
without having to enumerate the values. It also provides for data-dependent sorting. If you
do not supply an explicit value list, you can use the following keywords:
ORDER The sorting order. You can select A (the default) for ascending order, or D for
descending order.
KEY The sort key. You can select VALUE (the default) to sort by the values, or LABEL to
sort by the value labels. When values are sorted by label, any unlabeled values
appear after the labeled values in the table. You can also specify a summary function
for data-dependent sorting.
MISSING Whether user-missing values are included. You can specify EXCLUDE (the default)
or INCLUDE. System-missing values are never included.
Data-Dependent Sorting. The following conventions and limitations apply to sorting using a
summary function as the key:
• The sort function must be a summary function supported in CTABLES. The PTILE, MODE,
and MEDIAN functions cannot be used.
• The sort function must be used in the table. The exception to this is COUNT. You can sort
by COUNT even if counts do not appear in the table.
• Data-dependent sorting is not available if category labels are repositioned using the
CLABELS subcommand.