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SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

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Overview<br />

Options<br />

CROSSTABS 317<br />

CROSSTABS produces contingency tables showing the joint distribution of two or more variables<br />

that have a limited number of distinct values. The frequency distribution of one variable<br />

is subdivided according to the values of one or more variables. The unique combination<br />

of values for two or more variables defines a cell.<br />

CROSSTABS can operate in two different modes: general and integer. Integer mode<br />

builds some tables more efficiently but requires more specifications than general mode.<br />

Some subcommand specifications and statistics are available only in integer mode.<br />

Methods for building tables. To build tables in general mode, use the TABLES subcommand.<br />

Integer mode requires the TABLES and VARIABLES subcommands and minimum and<br />

maximum values for the variables.<br />

Cell contents. By default, CROSSTABS displays only the number of cases in each cell. You<br />

can request row, column, and total percentages, and also expected values and residuals by<br />

using the CELLS subcommand.<br />

Statistics. In addition to the tables, you can obtain measures of association and tests of<br />

hypotheses for each subtable using the STATISTICS subcommand.<br />

Formatting options. With the FORMAT subcommand, you can control the display order for<br />

categories in rows and columns of subtables and suppress crosstabulation.<br />

Writing and reproducing tables. You can write cell frequencies to a file and reproduce the original<br />

tables with the WRITE subcommand.<br />

Basic Specification<br />

In general mode, the basic specification is TABLES with a table list. The actual keyword<br />

TABLES can be omitted. In integer mode, the minimum specification is the VARIABLES<br />

subcommand, specifying the variables to be used and their value ranges, and the TABLES<br />

subcommand with a table list.<br />

• The minimum table list specifies a list of row variables, the keyword BY, and a list of<br />

column variables.<br />

• In integer mode, all variables must be numeric with integer values. In general mode, variables<br />

can be numeric (integer or non-integer) or string.<br />

• The default table shows cell counts.<br />

Subcommand Order<br />

• In general mode, the table list must be first if the keyword TABLES is omitted. If the keyword<br />

TABLES is explicitly used, subcommands can be specified in any order.

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