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SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

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196 <strong>Syntax</strong> <strong>Reference</strong><br />

DISTR Keyword<br />

DISTR has the following keywords:<br />

NORMAL Normal distribution. This is the default when DISTR is not specified.<br />

UNIFORM Uniform distribution.<br />

MISSING Subcommand<br />

In CATPCA, we consider a system-missing value, user-defined missing values, and values<br />

less than 1 as missing values. The MISSING subcommand allows you to indicate how to<br />

handle missing values for each variable.<br />

PASSIVE Exclude missing values on a variable from analysis. This is the default when<br />

MISSING is not specified. Passive treatment of missing values means that in<br />

optimizing the quantification of a variable, only objects with nonmissing<br />

values on the variable are involved and that only the nonmissing values of<br />

variables contribute to the solution. Thus, when PASSIVE is specified,<br />

missing values do not affect the analysis. Further, if all variables are given<br />

passive treatment of missing values, then objects with missing values on<br />

every variable are treated as supplementary.<br />

ACTIVE Impute missing values. You can choose to use mode imputation. You can<br />

also consider objects with missing values on a variable as belonging to the<br />

same category and impute missing values with an extra category indicator.<br />

LISTWISE Exclude cases with missing value on a variable. The cases used in the<br />

analysis are cases without missing values on the variables specified. This is the<br />

default applied to all variables when the MISSING subcommand is omitted or<br />

is specified without variable names or keywords. Also, any variable that is not<br />

included in the subcommand receives this specification.<br />

• The ALL keyword may be used to indicate all variables. If it is used, it must be the only<br />

variable specification.<br />

• A mode or extracat imputation is done before listwise deletion.<br />

PASSIVE Keyword<br />

If correlations are requested on the PRINT subcommand and passive treatment of missing<br />

values is specified for a variable, the missing values must be imputed. For the correlations of<br />

the quantified variables, you can specify the imputation with one of the following keywords:<br />

MODEIMPU Impute missing values on a variable with the mode of the quantified variable.<br />

MODEIMPU is the default.<br />

EXTRACAT Impute missing values on a variable with the quantification of an extra<br />

category. This implies that objects with a missing value are considered to<br />

belong to the same (extra) category.<br />

Note that with passive treatment of missing values, imputation applies only to correlations and<br />

is done afterward. Thus, the imputation has no effect on the quantification or the solution.

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