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SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

SPSS® 12.0 Command Syntax Reference

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Limitations<br />

Example<br />

PROXIMITIES 1277<br />

• PROXIMITIES keeps the raw data for the current split-file group in memory. Storage<br />

requirements increase rapidly with the number of cases and the number of items (cases or<br />

variables) for which PROXIMITIES computes coefficients.<br />

PROXIMITIES A B C.<br />

• PROXIMITIES computes Euclidean distances between cases based on the values of variables<br />

A, B, and C.<br />

Variable Specification<br />

• The variable list must be specified first.<br />

• The variable list can be omitted when an input matrix data file is specified. A slash must<br />

then be specified before the first subcommand to indicate that the variable list is omitted.<br />

STANDARDIZE Subcommand<br />

Use STANDARDIZE to standardize data values for either cases or variables before<br />

computing proximities. One of two options can be specified to control the direction of<br />

standardization:<br />

VARIABLE Standardize the values for each variable. This is the default.<br />

CASE Standardize the values within each case.<br />

Several standardization methods are available. These allow you to equalize selected properties<br />

of the values. All methods can be used with either VARIABLE or CASE. Only one standardization<br />

method can be specified.<br />

• If STANDARDIZE is omitted, proximities are computed using the original values (keyword<br />

NONE).<br />

• If STANDARDIZE is used without specifications, proximities are computed using Z scores<br />

(keyword Z).<br />

• STANDARDIZE cannot be used with binary measures.<br />

NONE Do not standardize. Proximities are computed using the original values. This<br />

is the default if STANDARDIZE is omitted.<br />

Z Standardize values to Z scores, with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of<br />

1. PROXIMITIES subtracts the mean value for the variable or case from each<br />

value being standardized and then divides by the standard deviation. If the<br />

standard deviation is 0, PROXIMITIES sets all values for the case or variable<br />

to 0. This is the default if STANDARDIZE is used without specifications.

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