STAR*NET V6 - Circe

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Chapter 4 Options The default method used in <strong>STAR*NET</strong> to compute the actual standard error used for a distance is to add the constant and the proportional parts. This method, called the “additive” method, is preferred by most manufacturers. For a distance of 2,000 feet, a constant of 0.016 feet and a 3 ppm part: Std Error = 0.016 + (3 ppm x 2,000 feet) / 1,000,000 = 0.022 feet Another method preferred by some is called the “propagated” method in which the standard error is computed by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the two parts. This method is available by using a special “.EDM” inline option. See the section “ Inline Options” in Chapter 5 for details on its use. Note that standard errors for distances explicitly entered on data lines are not affected by an entered ppm value. Only those distances accepting the default standard error are affected by the proportional ppm part. Elev Diff PPM – Since an elevation difference is often derived from measuring a zenith angle and slope distance, you may want to inflate its actual standard error based on how large the distance is by applying a PPM. This PPM is based on the slope distance between the instrument and target, not the elevation difference. <strong>STAR*NET</strong> calculates this slope distance using the given or computed approximate coordinates for the instrument and target stations. Entering a ppm value for elevation difference observations cause larger total standard errors (less weight) to be applied when long slope distances are involved than short. The method used to compute the actual standard error value is to add the constant and the proportional parts. For example, using a standard error of 0.05 feet and 25 ppm, the total standard error for an elevation difference observation measured along a slope distance of 1,000 would be: Std Error = 0.05 + (25 ppm x 1,000 feet) / 1,000,000 = 0.0750 feet The value you actually use for “ppm” must be some value you feel comfortable with, and should be based on your experience in the field. A good value to start with might be the 25 ppm figure used in the example above. To do a rough validity check on this figure, assume a zenith angle uncertainty of plus or minus 5 seconds. Therefore, the vertical distance error calculated using a 5 second arc swing over a distance of 1,000,000 feet is about 25 feet, therefore the 25 ppm. Or for example, if you feel your zenith angle uncertainty is more in the 10 second range, then you might use 50 ppm for your proportional elevation difference standard error. This method of calculating the total standard error for an elevation difference is an empirical approach. An alternate but more complex method is to propagate the uncertainties of both the measured distance and zenith angle. However, based on normal survey measurements and practices, we believe this method will provide a proper yet easy to understand way of weighting these derived measurements. 24
Listing File Options Chapter 4 Options These setting allow you to control the contents and appearance of your listing file that results from an adjustment. With all the contents settings unchecked, a minimum sized listing will be produced. But even with all contents items selected, some sections will be listed only if applicable to a particular kind of run. For example, Geodetic Positions will not be created when the project is a “local” (non-grid) adjustment. Option Group: Unadjusted Contents Observations and Weighting – When selected, all unadjusted observation data will be listed in the output listing file. This is an organized review of all your input data, sorted by data type. Although this section may be turned off to shorten the listing file, it is a highly recommended part of any output adjustment report. Copy of Input Data File(s) – When selected, an exact copy of your input data file will be copied to your output listing file. Including this section in your listing greatly increases its length and therefore for normal runs, you will probably not want to include it. However, in certain cases, it can be very useful for creating a complete history of an adjustment project including a listing of all original field observation input data along with the final results. 25
Page 1 and 2: STAR*NET V6 Least Squares Survey Ad
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 OVERVIE
Page 5: 10.9 Entering a Geoid Height and Ve
Page 8 and 9: Chapter 1 Overview 4. Survey planni
Page 10 and 11: Chapter 2 Installation 2.3 Starting
Page 12 and 13: 2.7 The Registry Chapter 2 Installa
Page 14 and 15: 3.3 The Menu System Chapter 3 Using
Page 16 and 17: 3.8 Checking the Error File Chapter
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 3 Using STAR*NET 3.12 Displ
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 4 Options 4.2 Changing Proj
Page 22 and 23: Option Group: Units Chapter 4 Optio
Page 24 and 25: General Options Chapter 4 Options T
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 4 Options Option Group: Dis
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 4 Options What standard err
Page 32 and 33: Option Group: Adjusted Contents Cha
Page 34 and 35: Other Files Options Chapter 4 Optio
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 4 Options Creating a Ground
Page 38 and 39: Special Options Chapter 4 Options T
Page 40 and 41: 4.5 Company Options Chapter 4 Optio
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 4 Options Note that any dat
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 4 Options When the Instrume
Page 46 and 47: Using the Input Data Files Dialog C
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data 5.5
Page 50 and 51: Station Names Chapter 5 Preparing I
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data Zeni
Page 54 and 55: Point Descriptors Chapter 5 Prepari
Page 56 and 57: Example 1: (2D Data) Chapter 5 Prep
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data The
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data SING
Page 62 and 63: The “V” Code: Vertical Observat
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data Samp
Page 66 and 67: Example 2: (2D Data) Chapter 5 Prep
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data The
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data TRAV
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data Exam
Page 74 and 75: The “TE” Code: Ending a Travers
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data LEVE
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data SIDE
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data Usin
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INLINE OPTION: .DELTA ON/OFF Chapte
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INLINE OPTION: .SCALE Value Chapter
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data INLI
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data Lega
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data The
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data 5.9
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data 5.11
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How do I weight observations? Chapt
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data 102
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Chapter 6 Running Adjustments The S
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6.5 Preanalysis Chapter 6 Running A
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Chapter 6 Running Adjustments 108
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Chapter 7 Viewing and Printing Outp
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7.4 Viewing the Error File Chapter
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Chapter 8 Analysis of Adjustment Ou
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To run the utility, follow these st
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Chapter 9 Tools As discussed above,
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Chapter 9 Tools A few words should
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Chapter 9 Tools The settings select
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Chapter 10 Adjustments in Grid Coor
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APPENDIX A - TOUR OF THE STAR*NET P
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Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial Exampl
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Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial 4. Rev
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Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial 7. Fin
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Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial 12. To
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Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial Take a
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Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial Before
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Example 5: Resection Appendix A STA
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Example 7: Preanalysis Appendix A S
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Appendix B References 6. Mikhail, E
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Appendix C Additional Technical Inf
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Appendix C Additional Technical Inf
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Appendix D Error and Warning Messag
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Data Lines, General Content Data Ty
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Index Installation Installing, 3 Se
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STARPLUS SOFTWARE, INC.
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STAR*NET V6 - Circe

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