STAR*NET V6 - Circe

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Chapter 10 Adjustments in Grid Coordinate Systems The “Hotine” projection, used in a few places in the world, is a modified Mercator projection sometimes called “Oblique Mercator.” It includes a latitude and longitude defining its origin, a azimuth of its central axis and a scale along this “skew azimuth.” The azimuth is defined by its tangent value. The sample file list illustrates use of this projection type by parameters that would define the Zone 1 in Alaska. A zone name may contain up to 18 characters including any internal blanks, and is terminated by a “:” colon character. Each custom zone requires an ellipsoid to be designated. Its name must be one from the ellipsoid list described above and it must be spelled exactly the same. When entering scale factors for either a Transverse Mercator (“T”) line, the Lambert (“L”) line or the Hotine (“H”) line, the scale value may be entered as either a ratio or a factor. A value less than 2.0 (i.e. 0.99992345 or 1.000334567) will be interpreted as a factor. Any value of 2.0 or greater will be taken as a scale ratio denominator as commonly used in the United States (15000 meaning 1 part in 15000). Therefore, for example, scale values entered as 10000 and 0.9999 have exactly the same meaning: (10,000-1 part)/10,000 = 9999/10,000 = 0.9999. Scale values 1.0 and 0.00 are both interpreted as 1.0 (scale of unity). In the STAR6.CUS file, all angular entries (Central Meridian, Latitude of Origin, North and South Latitudes) are entered in “packed” DMS format (DDD.MMSSsss). The Latitude of Origin for Colombia which is 04-35-56.570 N, for example, would be entered as 4.355657. Latitudes south of the equator and longitudes west of Greenwich must be entered as negative. Custom Linear Units These optional definition data lines are needed only if you wish to enter linear data (coordinates, distances, etc.) in units other than those already built into the program which include US Feet, International Feet, and Meters. Units defined in this file will be added to the available linear units already built into the program and will appear in the “Units” selection list of your Project Options/Adjustment dialog. A unit line begins with a “U” character and includes its name and the ratio of the unit to the meter. The name of the unit may be up to 8 characters and is terminated by a “:” colon character. We have supplied two custom units as examples, however they have been “commented out” so that they won’t show up in your Project Options unless you want them to. In the STAR6.CUS file, all linear values are entered in meters! The program automatically performs any conversions necessary to conform to units you are actually using in a project. Refer to the listing of the STAR6.CUS file shown on the following page for notes pertaining to the data described above. The file contains many comment lines, those beginning with the # character, and is meant to be self documenting. 156
Chapter 10 Adjustments in Grid Coordinate Systems Contents of the STAR6.CUS File: # Ellipsoids (Define as shown, or with "a" and "b" values) # =========================================================== # Ellipsoid Name: "a" Meters 1/ Flattening (or "b" value) # ----------------------------------------------------------- E Airy 1830: 6377563.396 299.3249646 E Airy Modified: 6377340.189 299.3249646 E Bessel 1841: 6377397.155 299.1528128 E Clarke 1858: 6378293.645 294.2606764 E Clarke 1866: 6378206.4 294.9786982 E Clarke 1880: 6378249.145 293.465 E GRS-80: 6378137.0 298.257222101 E Internat 1924: 6378388.0 297.0 E Internat 1967: 6378160.0 298.25 E NWL-9D: 6378145.0 298.25 E NWL-10D: 6378135.0 298.26 E WGS-84: 6378137.0 298.257223563 # Custom Projection Zones (All false northings and eastings are in meters!) # ============================================================================= # T = Transverse Mercator # L = Lambert Conic Conformal (One Standard Parallel) # B = Lambert Conic Conformal (Two Standard Parallels) # H = Hotine # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # T Zone Name: Ellipsoid: LatO CM FN FE Scale # L Zone Name: Ellipsoid: LatO CM FN FE Scale # B Zone Name: Ellipsoid: LatO CM FN FE LatS LatN # H Zone Name: Ellipsoid: LatO LongO FN FE Scale TanSKewAz #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- T Great Britain: Airy 1830: 49.00 -2.00 -100000 400000 0.999601272 T Ireland: Airy Modified: 53.30 -8.00 250000 200000 1.000035000 T Nigeria WB: Clarke 1880: 04.00 4.30 0 230738.2659 0.99975 T Colombia E: Internat 1924: 4.355657 -68.04513 1000000 1000000 1.0 T Colombia W: Internat 1924: 4.355657 -77.04513 1000000 1000000 1.0 L Algeria North: Clarke 1880: 36.00 2.42 300000 500000 0.99625769 B CalTest Z3/27: Clarke 1866: 36.30 -120.30 609601.2192 0 37.04 38.26 H Alaska Zone1 : GRS-80: 57.00 -133.40 -5000000 5000000 10000 -0.75 # Linear Units (Note that example entries below are commented out!) # ======================= # UnitName: UnitsPerMeter # ----------------------- #U Yards: 1.09361330 #U Links: 4.970969538 The installed STAR6.CUS file contains additional notes and possibly more example zone definitions not shown here for the sake of space. Ellipsoid, zones and units present in this file that you will never use can, of course, be commented out or deleted from the file so they will not show up in your project options dialogs. 157
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STAR*NET V6 Least Squares Survey Ad
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 OVERVIE
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10.9 Entering a Geoid Height and Ve
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Chapter 1 Overview 4. Survey planni
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Chapter 2 Installation 2.3 Starting
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2.7 The Registry Chapter 2 Installa
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3.3 The Menu System Chapter 3 Using
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3.8 Checking the Error File Chapter
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Chapter 3 Using STAR*NET 3.12 Displ
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Chapter 4 Options 4.2 Changing Proj
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Option Group: Units Chapter 4 Optio
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General Options Chapter 4 Options T
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Chapter 4 Options Option Group: Dis
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Chapter 4 Options What standard err
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Chapter 4 Options The default metho
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Option Group: Adjusted Contents Cha
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Other Files Options Chapter 4 Optio
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Chapter 4 Options Creating a Ground
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Special Options Chapter 4 Options T
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4.5 Company Options Chapter 4 Optio
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Chapter 4 Options Note that any dat
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Chapter 4 Options When the Instrume
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Using the Input Data Files Dialog C
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data 5.5
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Station Names Chapter 5 Preparing I
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data Zeni
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Point Descriptors Chapter 5 Prepari
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Example 1: (2D Data) Chapter 5 Prep
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data The
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data SING
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The “V” Code: Vertical Observat
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data Samp
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Example 2: (2D Data) Chapter 5 Prep
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data TRAV
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data Exam
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The “TE” Code: Ending a Travers
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data LEVE
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data SIDE
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data Usin
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INLINE OPTION: .DELTA ON/OFF Chapte
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INLINE OPTION: .SCALE Value Chapter
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data INLI
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data Lega
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How do I weight observations? Chapt
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Chapter 5 Preparing Input Data 102
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Chapter 6 Running Adjustments The S
Page 112 and 113: 6.5 Preanalysis Chapter 6 Running A
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Page 116 and 117: Chapter 7 Viewing and Printing Outp
Page 118 and 119: 7.4 Viewing the Error File Chapter
Page 124 and 125: Chapter 8 Analysis of Adjustment Ou
Page 144 and 145: To run the utility, follow these st
Page 146 and 147: Chapter 9 Tools As discussed above,
Page 148 and 149: Chapter 9 Tools A few words should
Page 150 and 151: Chapter 9 Tools The settings select
Page 152 and 153: Chapter 10 Adjustments in Grid Coor
Page 168 and 169: APPENDIX A - TOUR OF THE STAR*NET P
Page 170 and 171: Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial Exampl
Page 172 and 173: Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial 4. Rev
Page 174 and 175: Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial 7. Fin
Page 176 and 177: Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial 12. To
Page 178 and 179: Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial Take a
Page 186 and 187: Appendix A STAR*NET Tutorial Before
Page 188 and 189: Example 5: Resection Appendix A STA
Page 192 and 193: Example 7: Preanalysis Appendix A S
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Page 196 and 197: Appendix B References 6. Mikhail, E
Page 198 and 199: Appendix C Additional Technical Inf
Page 200 and 201: Appendix C Additional Technical Inf
Page 202 and 203: Appendix D Error and Warning Messag
Page 208 and 209: Data Lines, General Content Data Ty
Page 210 and 211: Index Installation Installing, 3 Se
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STARPLUS SOFTWARE, INC.
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STAR*NET V6 - Circe

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