Spectral Unmixing Applied to Desert Soils for the - Naval ...

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A B C Figure 37. Inset A shows the image result of the MTMF analysis for the disturbed creek soil endmember in the f110623t01p00r10 data set. As expected, this endmember shows up in areas that look like dry creek beds and along river banks. Inset B shows the gray scale image with the results overlain, and Inset C shows a concentration of endmember containing pixels corresponding to the area in the red box in A. The red pixels are not only in creek drainages, but looking at Google Earth; these drainages also contain ATV trails. In most cases, the red pixels are associated with the ATV trails, some not readily apparent in the imagery. 5. Color Composites of Endmembers A final test of the endmembers was to look at them as color composites enhanced to emphasize the endmember being investigated. The best results were when a user supplied (ASD measured) endmember was put into a composite (R, G, B space) with two imagery derived endmembers. Figure 38, insets A and B illustrate the creek soil and 72
camp road endmembers, respectively. Figure 38, inset C shows a color composite of the atmospherically corrected imagery from the f110512t01p00r07 data set. The image colors were chosen to enhance different surface materials in the image to makes sure the endmembers were accurately identifying potential target material, particularly in the creek areas where there are significant quantities of vegetation (shown as red in inset C of Figure 38). The composites illustrate both the successes and failures of the endmembers, yet still seem to do the job of identifying the types of features being looked for based only on changes in spectra related to surface disturbances supplied by the ASD collected endmembers. In the color composites, the brightest pixels are associated with the largest percentage values, typically around 20%. These were generally associated as false positives, while the more muted pixels corresponded to lower ranges between 9 and 18% and were the most accurately identified pixels, as far as trail like features are concerned. Many of the endmembers yielded similar results but with higher concentrations in areas associated with the type of region the samples were collected from. For example, the disturbed creek soil endmember had more successes and higher positive matches in areas where creeks and drainage basins were found. 73
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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY,
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Appr
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Approved for public release; distri
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ABSTRACT Desert areas cover approxi
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TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The above
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spectrum by atmospheric effects. Re
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emoved function showing an absorpti
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1. This table
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
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I. INTRODUCTION A study published b
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II. THE PHYSICS BEHIND REMOTE SENSI
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sensitive a given sensor is to diff
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Figure 3. From Green et al. (1998),
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analyzing imagery spectra, it is mo
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After data have been converted to r
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Collins et al. (1997) was able to s
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These purposes include, but are not
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III. DESERT ECOSYSTEM CHARACTERISTI
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sagebrush of Utah, Montana, and the
Page 41 and 42: in desert regions include argids, o
Page 43 and 44: 2. Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) Bi
Page 45 and 46: 2004), especially in cases where ma
Page 47 and 48: IV. STUDY SITES The focus area of t
Page 50 and 51: Figure 13. This figure illustrates
Page 52 and 53: Following the uplift that occurred
Page 54 and 55: the Mazourka Canyon OHV park betwee
Page 56 and 57: wavelengths being analyzed to obtai
Page 58 and 59: 2. Field Spectroscopy An Analytical
Page 60 and 61: A spectral library was then built a
Page 62 and 63: after atmospherically correcting th
Page 64 and 65: where: is the mean corrected and no
Page 66 and 67: also be seen in Figure 23. The leve
Page 68 and 69: Figure 24. This figure is a compari
Page 70 and 71: Figure 25. This figure shows ASD co
Page 72 and 73: Looking at Figure 25 it is apparent
Page 74 and 75: A. IMAGERY DERIVED ENDMEMBERS The i
Page 76 and 77: Figure 28. The above shows some of
Page 78 and 79: spectrometer, reflectance values we
Page 80 and 81: such an inference can be made (Ben-
Page 82 and 83: While this is lower than the hoped
Page 84 and 85: While the lower value would initial
Page 86 and 87: Figure 33. This figure shows the ad
Page 88 and 89: Inset C of Figure 35 is the same da
Page 90 and 91: However, the presences of BSCs are
Page 94 and 95: A B C Figure 38. Inset A shows a co
Page 96 and 97: differences in the studies by other
Page 98 and 99: small concentrations making them un
Page 100 and 101: area making it possible to tell wha
Page 102 and 103: Clark, R. N., Swayze, G. A., Livo,
Page 104 and 105: Kruse, F. A., Boardman, J. W., and
Page 106 and 107: Sharp, R. P., and Glazner, A. F., (
Page 108: INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. Defens
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