Spectral Unmixing Applied to Desert Soils for the - Naval ...
Spectral Unmixing Applied to Desert Soils for the - Naval ... Spectral Unmixing Applied to Desert Soils for the - Naval ...
Inset C of Figure 35 is the same data set (f110512t01p00r07) utilized with the imagery derived BSC endmembers in Figure 35, inset A and B. Inset D of Figure 35 is the f110512t01p00r08 data set result using the same endmember as in inset C for a repeatability test. While the healthy BSC result using the imagery derived endmember (Figure 35, inset A) was not repeatable using any of the ASD collected BSC endmembers, the disturbed BSC endmember results did appear to be replicable to the imagery derived ones with 7–11% providing the best result range in the f110512t01p00r07 data set. Similar results for the f110512t01p00r08 data set of 5–9% yielding the best range for the disturbed BSC endmember were obtained. Slightly different results are expected as the resolution of the two images is close but not exact. Figure 35, inset D shows the result for the f110512t01p00r08 data set. BSC results are, however, somewhat inconclusive as they appear in high concentrations in areas that other endmembers have also been detected, particularly the adjacent to tread endmember. The distribution of the BSC pixels did look slightly different, and there is no reason they could not occur in the same location, as BSCs tend to also cause soil to become more consolidated via their growth method and are known to be a stabilizing mechanism of slope material (Johnston, 1997). 68
A B C D Figure 35. A shows results using BSC endmember 2 derived from the imagery. B and C show areas suspected to contain BSCs using endmember 3 and the Mazourka Canyon disturbed BSCs in green. While B and C show similar results, the results of A were not repeatable with the collected BSC endmembers. D shows the results from the repeatability test using the same endmember as in C. In all cases, the range was between 9–11% for target material, with higher values of 15–30% associated with possible bare to nearly bare soil. 69
- Page 37 and 38: III. DESERT ECOSYSTEM CHARACTERISTI
- Page 39 and 40: sagebrush of Utah, Montana, and the
- Page 41 and 42: in desert regions include argids, o
- Page 43 and 44: 2. Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) Bi
- Page 45 and 46: 2004), especially in cases where ma
- Page 47 and 48: IV. STUDY SITES The focus area of t
- Page 50 and 51: Figure 13. This figure illustrates
- Page 52 and 53: Following the uplift that occurred
- Page 54 and 55: the Mazourka Canyon OHV park betwee
- Page 56 and 57: wavelengths being analyzed to obtai
- Page 58 and 59: 2. Field Spectroscopy An Analytical
- Page 60 and 61: A spectral library was then built a
- Page 62 and 63: after atmospherically correcting th
- Page 64 and 65: where: is the mean corrected and no
- Page 66 and 67: also be seen in Figure 23. The leve
- Page 68 and 69: Figure 24. This figure is a compari
- Page 70 and 71: Figure 25. This figure shows ASD co
- Page 72 and 73: Looking at Figure 25 it is apparent
- Page 74 and 75: A. IMAGERY DERIVED ENDMEMBERS The i
- Page 76 and 77: Figure 28. The above shows some of
- Page 78 and 79: spectrometer, reflectance values we
- Page 80 and 81: such an inference can be made (Ben-
- Page 82 and 83: While this is lower than the hoped
- Page 84 and 85: While the lower value would initial
- Page 86 and 87: Figure 33. This figure shows the ad
- Page 90 and 91: However, the presences of BSCs are
- Page 92 and 93: A B C Figure 37. Inset A shows the
- Page 94 and 95: A B C Figure 38. Inset A shows a co
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- Page 102 and 103: Clark, R. N., Swayze, G. A., Livo,
- Page 104 and 105: Kruse, F. A., Boardman, J. W., and
- Page 106 and 107: Sharp, R. P., and Glazner, A. F., (
- Page 108: INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. Defens
Inset C of Figure 35 is <strong>the</strong> same data set (f110512t01p00r07) utilized with <strong>the</strong> imagery<br />
derived BSC endmembers in Figure 35, inset A and B. Inset D of Figure 35 is <strong>the</strong><br />
f110512t01p00r08 data set result using <strong>the</strong> same endmember as in inset C <strong>for</strong> a<br />
repeatability test. While <strong>the</strong> healthy BSC result using <strong>the</strong> imagery derived endmember<br />
(Figure 35, inset A) was not repeatable using any of <strong>the</strong> ASD collected BSC<br />
endmembers, <strong>the</strong> disturbed BSC endmember results did appear <strong>to</strong> be replicable <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
imagery derived ones with 7–11% providing <strong>the</strong> best result range in <strong>the</strong><br />
f110512t01p00r07 data set. Similar results <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> f110512t01p00r08 data set of 5–9%<br />
yielding <strong>the</strong> best range <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> disturbed BSC endmember were obtained.<br />
Slightly different results are expected as <strong>the</strong> resolution of <strong>the</strong> two images is close<br />
but not exact. Figure 35, inset D shows <strong>the</strong> result <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> f110512t01p00r08 data set.<br />
BSC results are, however, somewhat inconclusive as <strong>the</strong>y appear in high concentrations<br />
in areas that o<strong>the</strong>r endmembers have also been detected, particularly <strong>the</strong> adjacent <strong>to</strong> tread<br />
endmember. The distribution of <strong>the</strong> BSC pixels did look slightly different, and <strong>the</strong>re is<br />
no reason <strong>the</strong>y could not occur in <strong>the</strong> same location, as BSCs tend <strong>to</strong> also cause soil <strong>to</strong><br />
become more consolidated via <strong>the</strong>ir growth method and are known <strong>to</strong> be a stabilizing<br />
mechanism of slope material (Johns<strong>to</strong>n, 1997).<br />
68