Spectral Unmixing Applied to Desert Soils for the - Naval ...

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Figure 33. This figure shows the adjacent to tread endmember results with MF scores of 5–52% using the f110512t01p00r08 for a repeatability test. Areas of highest target material concentrations are associated with regions of unconsolidated material on steep sides of lithified rock structures. Areas surrounding the rock structures are thought to have less target material because they are flat and may be more settled. 3. Biological Soil Crust Endmembers BSCs yielded results with similar value ranges to other endmembers of 9–11% in most cases. Some areas yielded smaller values closer to 5–7%. To test BSCs, imagery- derived endmembers, following the parameters of Weber et al (2008), had to be identified. This meant first identifying imagery derived endmembers as BSCs using the absorption feature seen around 650 nm in continuum removed spectra not present in bare soils (Weber et al., 2008). Most of the endmembers corresponded to vegetation and soils, 66
ut there were a few that looked plausible. Endmembers 2, 3, and 32 (BSC 2, BSC 3, and BSC 1 in Figure 34, respectively) seemed the most likely candidates when inspected using the continuum removed method. Figure 34. This figure is the spectra for three imagery derived mean class endmembers thought to be BSCs and the spectrum for an endmember believed to be soil based on criteria established previously from Weber et al (2008) and the results of the spectral libraries with the continuum removed function showing an absorption feature at ~650 nm not seen in soil (Figure 25). The endmembers chosen for BSC candidates showed shallower absorption features than vegetation endmembers that were slightly offset from the vegetation absorption feature near 650–700 nm. Endmember 14 is thought to be bare soil, though there may be a BSC or vegetation component there as well due to a slight absorption feature also around 700 nm; though it is much shallower and a different shape. Once the endmembers were determined they were scatter plotted as MF verses infeasibility to see how they were distributed within the imagery and what MF scores would be associated with the most likely matches. The result of this can be seen in Figure 35 A and B. The collected endmembers from Mazourka Canyon were then scatter plotted in the same image data set as the imagery derived ones and analyzed (Figure 35 C and D). 67
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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY,
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Appr
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Approved for public release; distri
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ABSTRACT Desert areas cover approxi
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TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The above
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spectrum by atmospheric effects. Re
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emoved function showing an absorpti
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1. This table
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
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I. INTRODUCTION A study published b
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II. THE PHYSICS BEHIND REMOTE SENSI
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sensitive a given sensor is to diff
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Figure 3. From Green et al. (1998),
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analyzing imagery spectra, it is mo
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After data have been converted to r
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Collins et al. (1997) was able to s
Page 35 and 36: These purposes include, but are not
Page 37 and 38: III. DESERT ECOSYSTEM CHARACTERISTI
Page 39 and 40: sagebrush of Utah, Montana, and the
Page 41 and 42: in desert regions include argids, o
Page 43 and 44: 2. Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) Bi
Page 45 and 46: 2004), especially in cases where ma
Page 47 and 48: IV. STUDY SITES The focus area of t
Page 50 and 51: Figure 13. This figure illustrates
Page 52 and 53: Following the uplift that occurred
Page 54 and 55: the Mazourka Canyon OHV park betwee
Page 56 and 57: wavelengths being analyzed to obtai
Page 58 and 59: 2. Field Spectroscopy An Analytical
Page 60 and 61: A spectral library was then built a
Page 62 and 63: after atmospherically correcting th
Page 64 and 65: where: is the mean corrected and no
Page 66 and 67: also be seen in Figure 23. The leve
Page 68 and 69: Figure 24. This figure is a compari
Page 70 and 71: Figure 25. This figure shows ASD co
Page 72 and 73: Looking at Figure 25 it is apparent
Page 74 and 75: A. IMAGERY DERIVED ENDMEMBERS The i
Page 76 and 77: Figure 28. The above shows some of
Page 78 and 79: spectrometer, reflectance values we
Page 80 and 81: such an inference can be made (Ben-
Page 82 and 83: While this is lower than the hoped
Page 84 and 85: While the lower value would initial
Page 88 and 89: Inset C of Figure 35 is the same da
Page 90 and 91: However, the presences of BSCs are
Page 92 and 93: A B C Figure 37. Inset A shows the
Page 94 and 95: A B C Figure 38. Inset A shows a co
Page 96 and 97: differences in the studies by other
Page 98 and 99: small concentrations making them un
Page 100 and 101: area making it possible to tell wha
Page 102 and 103: Clark, R. N., Swayze, G. A., Livo,
Page 104 and 105: Kruse, F. A., Boardman, J. W., and
Page 106 and 107: Sharp, R. P., and Glazner, A. F., (
Page 108: INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. Defens
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