Spectral Unmixing Applied to Desert Soils for the - Naval ...

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While this is lower than the hoped for 15–60%, comparison of the imagery to higher spatial resolution Google Earth imagery shows that there do seem to be trails in most of the areas that were marked. Other areas with higher MF scores between 15 and 25 also yielded positive results for trails not readily seen in the imagery, but also had some false positives. Figure 30. The above figure shows the MF verses Infeasibility scatter plot for the camp road endmember result plotted on a grayscale image of the f110512t01p00r07 data set with B being the zoomed in version of A. Red pixels represent target material with MF scores between 10 and 49%. The NE to SW trending pixels are thought to be a trail and have MF scores of 11–12%, the NW to SE trending pixels are along a drainage and have MF scores of 16–22% but may still be trail material. 62
The false positives were typically associated with bare rock drainages in the imagery when they had an MF score between 16 and 25 though values of this range were also associated with what appeared to be trails. Pixels with MF scores for this endmember that represented greater than 25% of the pixel were always associated with bare lithified rock features, typically steeply sloped and unlikely to harbor any trails due to terrain. When the camp road endmember was run on the second data set, similar results were obtained. Figure 31 shows results of the camp road endmember for both the 3.0 m pixel resolution data set (f110512t01p00r08) (inset A) and the 15.2 m pixel resolution data set (inset B). The higher resolution image had positive matches for target material at 9–11%, very similar to the results of the f110512t01p00r07 data set, and the latter (f110623t01p00r10) had positive matches at 4–9% target material (Figure 31). A B Figure 31. This image shows the camp road endmember MF verses infeasibility image for the f110512t01p00r08 (A) andf110623t01p00r10 (B) data sets. The result is similar to that of the camp road endmember in the f110512t01p00r07 in that the target material identified as road had between 9 and 11% target fill in the pixel for A and 4 to 9% for B. 63
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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY,
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Appr
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Approved for public release; distri
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ABSTRACT Desert areas cover approxi
Page 9 and 10:
TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The above
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spectrum by atmospheric effects. Re
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emoved function showing an absorpti
Page 17 and 18:
LIST OF TABLES Table 1. This table
Page 19 and 20:
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Page 21 and 22:
I. INTRODUCTION A study published b
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II. THE PHYSICS BEHIND REMOTE SENSI
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sensitive a given sensor is to diff
Page 27 and 28:
Figure 3. From Green et al. (1998),
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analyzing imagery spectra, it is mo
Page 31 and 32: After data have been converted to r
Page 33 and 34: Collins et al. (1997) was able to s
Page 35 and 36: These purposes include, but are not
Page 37 and 38: III. DESERT ECOSYSTEM CHARACTERISTI
Page 39 and 40: sagebrush of Utah, Montana, and the
Page 41 and 42: in desert regions include argids, o
Page 43 and 44: 2. Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) Bi
Page 45 and 46: 2004), especially in cases where ma
Page 47 and 48: IV. STUDY SITES The focus area of t
Page 50 and 51: Figure 13. This figure illustrates
Page 52 and 53: Following the uplift that occurred
Page 54 and 55: the Mazourka Canyon OHV park betwee
Page 56 and 57: wavelengths being analyzed to obtai
Page 58 and 59: 2. Field Spectroscopy An Analytical
Page 60 and 61: A spectral library was then built a
Page 62 and 63: after atmospherically correcting th
Page 64 and 65: where: is the mean corrected and no
Page 66 and 67: also be seen in Figure 23. The leve
Page 68 and 69: Figure 24. This figure is a compari
Page 70 and 71: Figure 25. This figure shows ASD co
Page 72 and 73: Looking at Figure 25 it is apparent
Page 74 and 75: A. IMAGERY DERIVED ENDMEMBERS The i
Page 76 and 77: Figure 28. The above shows some of
Page 78 and 79: spectrometer, reflectance values we
Page 80 and 81: such an inference can be made (Ben-
Page 84 and 85: While the lower value would initial
Page 86 and 87: Figure 33. This figure shows the ad
Page 88 and 89: Inset C of Figure 35 is the same da
Page 90 and 91: However, the presences of BSCs are
Page 92 and 93: A B C Figure 37. Inset A shows the
Page 94 and 95: A B C Figure 38. Inset A shows a co
Page 96 and 97: differences in the studies by other
Page 98 and 99: small concentrations making them un
Page 100 and 101: area making it possible to tell wha
Page 102 and 103: Clark, R. N., Swayze, G. A., Livo,
Page 104 and 105: Kruse, F. A., Boardman, J. W., and
Page 106 and 107: Sharp, R. P., and Glazner, A. F., (
Page 108: INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. Defens
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