Spectral Unmixing Applied to Desert Soils for the - Naval ...

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Sharp, R. P., and Glazner, A. F., (1997). Geology underfoot in Death Valley and Owens Valley. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing. Sieh, K., and Bursik, M., (1986). Most recent eruption of the Mono Craters, eastern central California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91 (B12), 12,539-12,571. Smith, K .L., Steven, M. D., and Colls, J. J., (2004). Use of hyperspectral derivative ratios in the red-edge region to identify plant stress responses to gas leaks. Remote Sensing of Environment, 92, 207–217. Snow, J. K., and Wernicke, B. P., (2000). Cenozoic tectonism in the central Basin and Range: Magnitude, rate, and distribution of upper crustal strain. American Journal of Science, 300, 659–719. Stevens, C.H., and Stone, P., (2007). The Pennsylvanian-early Permian Bird Spring carbonate shelf, southeastern California: Fusulinid biostratigraphy, paleogeographic evolution, and tectonic implications. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 429, 82. Stone, P. and Stevens, C.H., (1998). Pennsylvanian and early Permian paleogeography of east-central California: Implications for the shape of the continental margin and the timing of continental truncation. Geology, 16, 330–333. Stone, P., Swanson, B.J., Stevens, C.H., Dunne, G.C., and Priest, S.S., (2009). Geologic map of the southern Inyo Mountains and vicinity, Inyo County, California, United States Department of the Interior US Geological Survey, 1-20. Retrieved from http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3094/sim3094_pamphlet.pdf Tallyn, E.F., Jr., (1996). Soil survey of Benton-Owens Valley Area, California, Parts of Inyo and Mono Counties. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Warhol, T., (2007). Earth’s Biomes: Desert. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 63-69. Webb, R.H., Fenstermaker, L.F., Heaton, J.S., Hughson, D.L., Mcdonald, E.V., and Miller, D.M., (2009). The Mojave Desert: Ecosystem processes and sustainability. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press. Weber, B., Olehowski, C., Knerr, T., Hill, J., Deutschewitz, K., Wessels, D.C.J., Eitel, B., Budel, B., (2008). A new approach for mapping of biological soil crusts in semidesert areas with hyperspectral imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112, 2187–2201. Whitford, W.G., (2002). Ecology of desert systems. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Science Ltd., Academic Press. 86
Zhang, J., Rivard, B., (2005). Spectral unmixing of normalized reflectance data for the deconvolution of lichen and rock mixtures. Remote Sensing of Environment, 95 (1), 57–66. 87
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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY,
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Appr
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Approved for public release; distri
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ABSTRACT Desert areas cover approxi
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TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The above
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spectrum by atmospheric effects. Re
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emoved function showing an absorpti
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1. This table
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
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I. INTRODUCTION A study published b
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II. THE PHYSICS BEHIND REMOTE SENSI
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sensitive a given sensor is to diff
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Figure 3. From Green et al. (1998),
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analyzing imagery spectra, it is mo
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After data have been converted to r
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Collins et al. (1997) was able to s
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These purposes include, but are not
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III. DESERT ECOSYSTEM CHARACTERISTI
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sagebrush of Utah, Montana, and the
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in desert regions include argids, o
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2. Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) Bi
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2004), especially in cases where ma
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IV. STUDY SITES The focus area of t
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Figure 13. This figure illustrates
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Following the uplift that occurred
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the Mazourka Canyon OHV park betwee
Page 56 and 57: wavelengths being analyzed to obtai
Page 58 and 59: 2. Field Spectroscopy An Analytical
Page 60 and 61: A spectral library was then built a
Page 62 and 63: after atmospherically correcting th
Page 64 and 65: where: is the mean corrected and no
Page 66 and 67: also be seen in Figure 23. The leve
Page 68 and 69: Figure 24. This figure is a compari
Page 70 and 71: Figure 25. This figure shows ASD co
Page 72 and 73: Looking at Figure 25 it is apparent
Page 74 and 75: A. IMAGERY DERIVED ENDMEMBERS The i
Page 76 and 77: Figure 28. The above shows some of
Page 78 and 79: spectrometer, reflectance values we
Page 80 and 81: such an inference can be made (Ben-
Page 82 and 83: While this is lower than the hoped
Page 84 and 85: While the lower value would initial
Page 86 and 87: Figure 33. This figure shows the ad
Page 88 and 89: Inset C of Figure 35 is the same da
Page 90 and 91: However, the presences of BSCs are
Page 92 and 93: A B C Figure 37. Inset A shows the
Page 94 and 95: A B C Figure 38. Inset A shows a co
Page 96 and 97: differences in the studies by other
Page 98 and 99: small concentrations making them un
Page 100 and 101: area making it possible to tell wha
Page 102 and 103: Clark, R. N., Swayze, G. A., Livo,
Page 104 and 105: Kruse, F. A., Boardman, J. W., and
Page 108: INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 1. Defens
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