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76 variable from 0 - 100 volts. There are no provisions for measuring pressure, temperature, or ionizing current in the ion source. The ions are focused and accelerated to 50 - 100 volts, and mass analyzed by a quadrupole mass filter with a length of 10.0 inches and an ro of 0.27 inches. Mass scanning is accomplished by varying the RF and DC voltages to the quadrupole. The resolution of the quadrupole is electronically variable. The ions are then accelerated to 600 volts and detected by a Bendix Channeltron continuous electron multiplier. Because of the absence of slits in the mass spectrometer, the lrelatively open nature of the ion source, and the high sensitivity of the detector, it is necessary to reduce the background from scattered electrons reaching the detector. This is accomplished in two ways: the electrons but not the ions; and second, by pulsing the electron beam. The ionizing beam is pulsed at 10 kc by applying a 40 volt pulse to the first lens of the electron beam. The beam ''on'' time is 10 microseconds. After a delay of 5 microseconds, the second pulser sends a one volt pulse to turn on the transistor- ized "AND" gate for 20 - 30 microseconds. first, by establishing a weak magnetic field to deflect Only those pulses which arrive at the gate during this interval are sent on to the ratemeter. At the voltages used, most of the electrons arrive at the detector vithin one or two microseconds; the flight time of the negative ions, however, is of the order of 10 - 20 microseconds. Thus, the signal to the ratemeter is primarily due to ions, with a drastic reduction in the electron background. The output of the ratemeter is plotted versus the DC voltage on the quadrupole with an XY recorder. A signal of five ions per second can readily be observed. A typical plot, shown in Fig. 2, is the lover portion of the mass spectrum of the negative ions of pentaborane. All the boron hydride samples were purified by distillation in a vacuum system. The diborane was trapped out at -154OC. The tetraborane was purified in three steps: pumping off hydrogen and diborane while trapped at -130, passing through a trap at -95 to condense the pentaborane and the higher boron hydrides, and finally condensing at -196. The pentaborane was similarly purified: pumping off diborane and tetraborane at -98, passing through a trap at -79, and final trapping at -196. Results and Discussion The results are shown in the bar graph in Fig. 3. The narrow bars represent peaks which have been multiplied by a factor of ten. All measurements are for 70 volt ionizing electrons. The monoisotopic mass spectrum was computed assuming the natural BlO/B11 distribution of 20/80, and also assuming that there was no isotope effect in loss of hydrogen from B10 versus B11. In nearly all cases, the Ykak heights from which the monoisotopic spectra were calculated were an average of at least three measurements, with separate measurements in agreement within 10%. In calculating the monoisotopic spectrum, the system is "over-determined," :.e., there are more equations than there are unknowns. This provides a means of checking the internal consistency of the results. For every case except tvo, the self-consistency deviation was less than 2%, and in all cases less than 10%. On the basis Of these consi_derations, relative intensities within a group of peaks, e.g., BgHg , B5He , B5H7 , etc., should be accurate to 2 10%. In comparing peaks between different groups, however, it is more difficult to assign limits of error, for the spectrometer may favor the observation of low masses over high masses in certain cases. One can observe this "discrimination" in the positive ion spectra, and it appears to be primarily a function of the resolution of the quadrupole. It is possible, however, that the continuous electron multiplier and the ion source also mass discriminate, perhaps differently for positive and negative ions. Since the signal from the multiplier is analyzed as pulses rather than current, mass discrimination by the detector should be minimized. The exit holes in our ion source are rather large, and it would be expected that discrimination here would also be negligible. Thus, if it is assumed that the discrimination effects are the same r i, f 1 L r , 4
A b 1 1 I H I I I FILAMEN T CONTINUOUS I COWPR SOURCE ION ' I QUAORUPOLE I ELECTRON SUPPLY I AfULTIPLIER I I I + - b ELECTRON f QU*oauPoLE x-v POWER SUPPLY ION OCTICS POWER SUPPLY RECORDER I PULSE COWER SUCCLV f MASS SCAN AMPLIFIER T 1 1 > A - A + t + 1 PULSCR I OSCl LLOSCOPE RATEME TER - TRIGGER 4 OELAV --------_ i CULStR 2 --_ i GATE 4 4 FIGURE I -
Page 1 and 2:
)i 1 reesonably complete and accura
Page 3 and 4:
3 inquire about the component of ve
Page 5 and 6:
4 I I 5 To find (t2)av, we assume t
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\ vnich, it is noted can be negativ
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I 7 than or smaller than the second
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i I i I I I ) ) i L , I I . INT1:OD
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13 field per electron is and per co
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. 11. 5. CharRe-Transfer and Ion-Mo
Page 17 and 18:
17 In the followin:: sections much
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above. With that EIN, an estimate o
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21 region in w!iich large, nighlv l
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i ’ understanding: 23 (a) Electro
Page 25 and 26: Obviously, the secondary ion must h
Page 27 and 28: 27 (22) Franklin, J. L., Munson, M.
Page 29 and 30: Tables 1-6 present examples of rela
Page 31 and 32: Table 8 Some Ions Formed by Process
Page 33 and 34: 33 velocity of the reacting partn r
Page 35 and 36: 35 must be added to the Langevin cr
Page 37 and 38: 37 In our laboratory a microwave di
Page 39 and 40: + . 4 . r 39 as well as N in a cor0
Page 41 and 42: ION-MOIECULE REACTION RATES MEASUFI
Page 43 and 44: 43 excitntion 2onditions so that th
Page 45 and 46: 45 In 2 like manner Fig. 3, showing
Page 47: 47 Absorption Spectra of Transient
Page 50 and 51: 50 maximum fiela. In this manner, a
Page 52 and 53: 52 3 % %- %- 5- a- 7 h W P H 0 L v)
Page 54 and 55: References I I . A.B.Callear, J.A.G
Page 56 and 57: ._ . _-.. - , , . . ,. . The Pyrex
Page 58 and 59: 58 0 0 0 VI J > I cv . u H a
Page 60: .... . 0 2 e I / m 0 H F4 : 1
Page 63 and 64: \ 0.9 0.8 0.7 06 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 01
Page 65 and 66: 65 ' cause of the reduction in the
Page 67 and 68: INTRODUCTION I' Attachment of polar
Page 69 and 70: I 69 EXPERIMENTAL The mass spectrom
Page 71 and 72: + Figure 1 Mixed water and methanol
Page 73 and 74: 73 ' , radius might be expected bec
Page 75: 75 Negative Ion Mass Spectra of Som
Page 79 and 80: 79 for positive and negative ions,
Page 81 and 82: 51 out to answer some of the questi
Page 83 and 84: 93 INTERACTIONS OF EXCITED SPECIES
Page 85 and 86: L 4 I*C z 0'2 = a, a U x I m 4 m 0
Page 87 and 88: I L I, ; > > E Fig. 3 I50 200 150 1
Page 89 and 90: I 300 r 1 - 200 i io ;' a cn I I. 0
Page 91 and 92: where DISCUSSION OF XESULTS PERTAIN
Page 93 and 94: 93 where the bar indicates values c
Page 95 and 96: 'I i 'I 0 2. 4 6 8 2 [ N]* x' I 0-2
Page 97 and 98: Fig. 14 IO 8 6 4F [NO] x IO-" (mole
Page 99 and 100: for chemiluminescent excitation in
Page 101 and 102: 101 Chemiluminescent Reactions of E
Page 103 and 104: 103 All gases were taken directly f
Page 106 and 107: 10; He: + N2 -. 2He + h': (8) whi!?
Page 108 and 109: description for both diffusion and
Page 110 and 111: B. Ions and Electrons I Consider a
Page 112 and 113: ' 112 axial diffusion through the d
Page 114 and 115: the tube walls occurs continuously
Page 116 and 117: E2R M ' $6"
Page 118 and 119: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9- 10. u. -
Page 120 and 121: 120 . Dlschorge zone Reactor zone 1
Page 122 and 123: 122 In radiation chemistry the cust
Page 124 and 125: 124 4. chemistry seem limited essen
Page 126 and 127:
126 Conversion of Mixtures into Mor
Page 128 and 129:
Hydrazine Synthesis in A Silent dle
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{;I . - . .. . - .., . . .. _- .. .
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1 \ \ \ , \ , \ \ Pmer hnrity K.W.
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. I operating fact that the sloGe i
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_- of ' . 8. - 7 6, Residence Time
Page 138 and 139:
135 Ionic Reactions in Corona Disch
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GAS OUT GAS IN i.ho QUADRUPOLE MASS
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- + ( ~ ~ + 0 H ) ~ O ~ ( H~o)~H+ +
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144 i I , , , , . + 1- u 3c w Inu c
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146 SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC COIGhTDS B
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mi5 a- dz CI n I a I n +4 - 0 -I- k
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0 z cu I I I
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I- I - t d m a .rl Y x c, t-' d k
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, 155 This result is significant in
Page 157 and 158:
Compound Bond he rgy Li I 82 UBr 10
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, ”..’ 3or 25 - 5 20 - s 3 w Y
Page 161 and 162:
I 161 THE GLOW DISCHARGE DEPOSITION
Page 163 and 164:
Fig. 1 Process Apparatus -__l.ll__
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v) t- at- InIo Io0 t-Q) loo lcua O
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This study is only an approximation
Page 169 and 170:
Mole Reaction Material ratio time e
Page 171 and 172:
\ i (4) Effect of System Pressure T
Page 173 and 174:
173 Pressure. Since pressure is a c
Page 175 and 176:
175 Table VI X-RAY DATA OF DEPOSIT
Page 177 and 178:
177 Another source of weakness is t
Page 179 and 180:
179 PLATING IN A CORONA DISCHARGE R
Page 181 and 182:
\ 3 , ,\ 110 v 60 CPS MANOMETER . F
Page 183 and 184:
I i , \ I i & a - P Fig. 3 Reaction
Page 185 and 186:
\ \' C 0 .d * d .- C U d 0) c( 1) L
Page 187 and 188:
I i I . Q) I, s w 0 v) Y 0 a w W a
Page 189 and 190:
I (b) Polarized Light Fig. 6 Cross
Page 191 and 192:
i m v) Y C i! u o) 23 a a- + 191 m
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i, d C .d c c W Q ) 0 0 L1Y 0 000 0
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i e 4 0 wcr -4 4 al 0 0 0 c) cr 13:
Page 197 and 198:
\ E ‘ 1 TIME FOR RUN 13-1 14-1 -
Page 199 and 200:
199 a red heat in this cell using d
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\ , t j \ I, v) 2 Y . C 0 u m .I C
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203 VAPOR PHASE FORMATION OF NONCRY
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BELL JAR STANC TO VACUUM SYSTEM U T
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207 of the boron oxide film, the fi
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i I, 4 I.( Y I- * 0 i f i 3 0.t I I
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211 The Reacticn 3f Oxygen with Car
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2 E, W t- a Z 9 I- a 2 X 0 I50 too
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'i' 100 50 IC 21 5 2.0 2.5 SURFACE
Page 217 and 218:
I- z W 0 w a a 100 80 60 40 20 215
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s., Literature Cited Berkley, C. ,
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7 h \ F 221 600°C and 1 atmosphere
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223 e I'
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R L ' -1 9mm O.D. 5mm I.D. 45mm 0.D
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Figure 5.- Paschen's law curves. 2-
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\ '? I The water-free product gases
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N I + 0" ON i I + 0 u / 0 0 I 0 cu
Page 233 and 234:
- 233 SOME PROBLEMS OF THE KINETICS
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.. . :. ,. .I , . i ? .. . , ... .
Page 237 and 238:
237 Table 2 Experimental Variables
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239 Zhbie I Eerccnt Consumption of
Page 241 and 242:
241 Discussion The systematic varia
Page 243 and 244:
I \ 1 243 FORMATION OF HYDROCARBONS
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h z - a o m a 20 T IME, minutes . F
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I 1 I I I I 0 I 2 3 4 5 TIME, minut
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The next five coluws in table 1 sho
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\ .\ t 251 Given the existence of t
Page 253 and 254:
I L 253 Epple, R. P. and C. M. Apt.
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1 ' Fig. 1 Schematic of flow discha
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5' . ' I 1 257 co, with excess H2,
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1 1 1 moo 1400 1300 c V' I IPOO I I
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i 25i The Dlssocfatior of ToIuere V
Page 263 and 264:
L ! , c PRODUCTS FROM A 28 MC. DISC
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'\ J ?. , .. . : PRODUCT FORMATION
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'9 / I '\ "1 BENZYL CATION AND RADI
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a
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271 tube serve? as the high voltare
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273 ion (1L.). Zxcitei-ion by colli
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Apparatus and Procedure 275 EXPERIM
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. 277 6. A freshly prepared sam le
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observed. The polystyrene (10% solu
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i i (12) c (11) (14) I 281 LITERATU
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FLOW- METER I ADDITIVE SUPPLY * ,28
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285 TABLE 2 Effect of Haloqenated A
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ANALYTICAL RESULTS Some evidence wa
Page 289 and 290:
DISCUSSION 289 The salient features
Page 291 and 292:
? ~ MENBERSHIP IN THE DIVISION OF F
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292 flow of the reactant gas stream
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294 have suitable residence times i
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0 E < h( E l! d K c 0 .- Y 0 t u t
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298 yields of many chemical product
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- ;i Y . 15. Pressure lOmm 5 > 10-
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302 the best and in many practical
Page 305 and 306:
GENERATION AND MEASUREMENT OF AUDIO
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. The transformer secondary and the
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Vaccum-Tube Amplifier The mobile co
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310 f = Power supply frequency in c
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FUFARCI! INSTITUTE OF TFYDLC UNIVER
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J # I / 4) I . . '8 r4 0 r( P
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317 i Cuencb svsten w.nnar;itus use
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epcrte? the noss~kil.itv of nroduct
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1' b t +
Page 324 and 325:
323 ....... - . . . . . . . . . . .
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1 \ i I i , / / / 8 3 1 325 To205 +
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- .- - - . - - . . . - . 327 n + c
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' POWER PLASMA GAS l e , ' I ! I I
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331 f'ENI?AL PF'FCLCCFC Dernis, P.R
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i J 333 ; mosphere (as opposed to a
Page 336 and 337:
; it raised the question, still &?z
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p .I V I .= - - HCN/C(CALC. WITH C
Page 340 and 341:
1 1 339 atmospheric ressure and ach
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RESULTS 341 Composition Dependence
Page 344 and 345:
0.09 0.08 0.07 9 0.06 2 U - .$ 0.05
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II \ to the Slot So that less of th
Page 348 and 349:
i 4 2 HYDROCARBON-NITROGEN REACTION
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I 1 349 c M m ; a e, k M x
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1.0 I - a. I n TEMPERATURE - OK Fig
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353 the experimental results in the
Page 356 and 357:
,) 355 The ceaswed conversion cf ni
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1 6 357 Freezing. 3jpotnesise thzf
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359 \ Frozen Compositior: Calcillat
Page 362 and 363:
I 1 \ 361 -. ne reaction proceecis
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\ 36 3 ' h, I 26. H. Purnell, Gas C
Page 366 and 367:
In experiments on the direct conver
Page 368 and 369:
367 used as blnders, with different
Page 370 and 371:
369 ' i 1. REFERENCES Berber, John
Page 372 and 373:
Distribution and yield rates of pro
Page 374 and 375:
. . I . I 370 . . . . ., . . .. . .
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4 372 090- > E w - m c N O - 0 z :
Page 378 and 379:
A-Feed tank 6-Thermocracker GReceiv
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80 \ 0 70 60 e 40 a U VI 9 30 20 10
Page 382 and 383:
COAL DEASH& AND HIGH-PURITY COKE Wa
Page 384 and 385:
3Pn _. -. - L -J:,J.-;~~~L, ):as se
Page 386 and 387:
S ~ l ~ o n~pg:ading r is the resul
Page 388 and 389:
The range ~f temperatures and gener
Page 390 and 391:
. .. 386 9 * - r. Y 2 .' d a f' r.
Page 392 and 393:
.) .L m 388 I
Page 394 and 395:
TABLE 4 390 DELAYED COKING OF DEASH
Page 396 and 397:
, ! I- on '---
Page 398 and 399:
394 The present method is to keep t
Page 400 and 401:
396 ‘c erperature, while the pres
Page 402 and 403:
2, '! ! Proximate Analysis, wt $ Mo
Page 404 and 405:
0 IS 0 14 LL 9 013 e \ 3 b- m *- 01
Page 406 and 407:
402 HYDROGEN CYANIDE PRODUCED FROM
Page 408 and 409:
404 Before startup, the system is p
Page 410 and 411:
4 OL. ' , I. . TesCs. With.Coals .o
Page 412 and 413:
Table 3.- Product Gas Analyses and
Page 414 and 415:
410 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. American Public
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Figure 2. Enclosure surrounding hyd
Page 418 and 419:
0 0 f v) C 0 u m I z 2 c 2 r d J w
Page 420 and 421:
0. E c .4 7 .. .c . I ( - Low tempe
Page 422 and 423:
418 cual. A mjor aa\;antage or' the
Page 424 and 425:
420 Ir ?Y ? ? 9 9 9 pc rod n o c o
Page 426 and 427:
422 Table 3. Room-texperature M'dss
Page 428 and 429:
424 state, depending on the strengt
Page 430 and 431:
Table 4. Room-?;ergerature isomer s
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I' 1.3 . /o 9 IO 9 6 a 425 F F 33 I
Page 434 and 435:
Brooks J.D. and Sternhell S. (1957)
Page 436 and 437:
(52) Gib3 T.C. and Greenwood N.N. (
Page 438 and 439:
434 transducer vas then introduced
Page 440 and 441:
436 yield is quite similar. The con
Page 442 and 443:
?-!??? 0 mv, Uh\OhIe . . . . eirlrl
Page 444 and 445:
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 4
Page 446 and 447:
442 CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A CORONA
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helium 444 CORONA REACTOR SYSTEM Fi
Page 450 and 451:
446 The ultraviolet spectrum. for t
Page 452 and 453:
Biphenyl Fraction 448 The low molec
Page 454 and 455:
LUd The actual structural definitio
Page 456 and 457:
I I I I I In m 9 In 2 , I: r- In m
Page 458 and 459:
’. 454 Mechanism I The available
Page 460 and 461:
456 , , . The relatively low yield
Page 462 and 463:
458 h/lethylacetylene, allene and b
Page 464 and 465:
Introduction VAPOR PHASE DECOMPOSIT
Page 466 and 467:
462 more efficient hydrogenation. T
Page 468 and 469:
464 place in parallel with fragment
Page 470 and 471:
466 P rl 0, k 7 rnI rn al k a I hl
Page 472 and 473:
458 TABLE I. COMPOSI'IION OF GASEOU
Page 474 and 475:
REFERENCES 1. C. Hirayama and D. A.
Page 476 and 477:
i 472 Reciprocal Arc Enthalpy ,-> F
Page 478 and 479:
474 be pumped down without altering
Page 480 and 481:
476 Instead a hydrogen deficient fi
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i 478
Page 484 and 485:
480 FATTY ACIDS AND n-ALKANES IN GR
Page 486 and 487:
482 TA5L,E 2. - Carbon number distr
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6. 7. a. 9. 484 Lawlor, D. L., and
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' I ' Sample No. 6 ' 12 IO 8 6 z 4
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. 488 uiolecular weight of which ca
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Xississippi (Sample GS). Stock solu
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492 found at 5.7 and 4.9& for the W
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494 mechanisms. However, the voltad
Page 500 and 501:
For pure polynuclcar arom.i;ic hydr
Page 502 and 503:
- '-'. . ' . . values are listed in
Page 504 and 505:
500 (1;) Ten, T. 17.: a;1d,Dic;
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- ~ Resistivity Czlculation 2: 1 j:
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504 o ' C 0s 2 0 v x i 8 2 0 ! P -
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506 i
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d 601 L P LL
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I I I I I I I I m W N W N 0 (D ? 0
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514 was heated under nitrogen in a
Page 520 and 521:
The line broadening at 79OK of the
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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W L, Z 6 m (1: 0 6 d j o 2 ' 1 0.0
Page 526 and 527:
Coals 522 Studies of the 1600 cm-l
Page 528 and 529:
L in ole i c a c id - 0' Two sample
Page 530 and 531:
526 Table 1.- Ultimate analyses of
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528 6. Friedel, R. A., and H. Retco
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egeneration. The system can be seen
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532 and can be expressed in terms o
Page 538 and 539:
534 in the vapor increases with inc
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NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 Pyridine Pyridine P
Page 542 and 543:
Mole Ratio of Test No. Quinoline to
Page 544 and 545:
IXPROFJCTION D; M. Mason Institute
Page 546 and 547:
-4:c~rciiny to recent studies o ;i4
Page 548 and 549:
544 Table 1. LIGHT EMISSION OF Y"TR
Page 550 and 551:
emission in a few cases may be by d
Page 552 and 553:
LITERATUR2 CITED i. C. -. .' * il.
Page 554 and 555:
co, CH,,OR 1 - OTHER ADDITIVE FRITT
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FRIT 'TED CO, CH,.OR 4 ___ OTHER AD
Page 558 and 559:
340 350 300 400 4 50 500 600 700 80
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0 554 WITH COOLING (PLATE AT 40°C)
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5 56 then t = to when e = 0 2) the
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5 58 The surface heat transfer coef
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Discussion and Results 560 Three br
Page 568 and 569:
__- ._ 562 Table I THERMAL AND PHYS
Page 570:
ln 4 I 0 4J v \ 1.0 0.8 0.6 L - 0.4
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