chemical physics of discharges - Argonne National Laboratory

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2, '! ! Proximate Analysis, wt $ Moisture Vo lat i les ' Fixed Carbon , Ash Total ntimte Analysis, wt % Cerbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Sulrur Ash . Total Reactyon Temperature, OF Reaction Pressure, psia Coal Reacted (Av J, % Carbon Gasified YAvg), % Avg AHR, Btu/lb coal rkacted 3P8 Table 1. ANAE$SIS OF COATl AND COAL CHARS Raw Pretreated Low-Temp FTigh-Temp Coal Coal .' Residue Residue - 1.3 34:6 ' 52.0 -&& 0.5 23.3 63.5 d% 0.6 4.6 77.6 1oo.o 17*2 0.6 3.3 71.6 24.5 m 71: 2 5.14 1.23 6.03 70.1 ~ 3.70 ' 1.37 * '76.9' 2.05 1.01 0.55 , 4.19 12!21. 100 I 00 1300 1000 $49.7 50.6 181% . *' 8.30 -. 3.80 - 12 * 73 100.00 1300 1000 47.2 41.0 I 1919 ', 2 .&I 17 30 m37 1300 1000 27.3 29.5 2432 Table 2. HEAT OF REACTfm OF COAL. . \ I 72.6 1.08 0.54 0.00 1.24. 24.62 100..00 1300 \ 1000 28.8 , 26.0, 3078 Temperature, Pres sure, Coal 'Carbob mR,, Btu/lb' Material OF pia I Reacted,% Gasified,$ coal' reacts d Raw coal 1000 41.5 . -- 1300 / Raw coal 1000 .52.4 50.7 8 1951 \ Raw coal . 1300 1000 52.2 '52.0 1723 RZIT coal ,1300 1000 48.1 55.6 1788 c Raw coal 1300 1000 46.1 44.2 18 07 1 Raw coal 1400 1000 51.7 52.3 1775 ?retreated coal 1300 Pretreated coal 1300 Pretreated coal 1300 Pretreated coal 1300 Pretreated coal 1300 bw-temp residue 1300 bw-temp residue 1300 HiZh-temp residue 1300 r. 1000 1000 1000 1000 4000 1000 1000 1000 7 - * 46.1 37.6 1935 $\ 47.3 41.2 1717 47.3 41.5 1844 47.1 40.0 48.3 45.0 212:; * \ \ ? \ - \
I i / - . 399 . . . I . 2’ 0 H fi rl a) h J
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)i 1 reesonably complete and accura
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3 inquire about the component of ve
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4 I I 5 To find (t2)av, we assume t
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\ vnich, it is noted can be negativ
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I 7 than or smaller than the second
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i I i I I I ) ) i L , I I . INT1:OD
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13 field per electron is and per co
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. 11. 5. CharRe-Transfer and Ion-Mo
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17 In the followin:: sections much
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above. With that EIN, an estimate o
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21 region in w!iich large, nighlv l
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i ’ understanding: 23 (a) Electro
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Obviously, the secondary ion must h
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27 (22) Franklin, J. L., Munson, M.
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Tables 1-6 present examples of rela
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Table 8 Some Ions Formed by Process
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33 velocity of the reacting partn r
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35 must be added to the Langevin cr
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37 In our laboratory a microwave di
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+ . 4 . r 39 as well as N in a cor0
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ION-MOIECULE REACTION RATES MEASUFI
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43 excitntion 2onditions so that th
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45 In 2 like manner Fig. 3, showing
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47 Absorption Spectra of Transient
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50 maximum fiela. In this manner, a
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52 3 % %- %- 5- a- 7 h W P H 0 L v)
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References I I . A.B.Callear, J.A.G
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._ . _-.. - , , . . ,. . The Pyrex
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58 0 0 0 VI J > I cv . u H a
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.... . 0 2 e I / m 0 H F4 : 1
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\ 0.9 0.8 0.7 06 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 01
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65 ' cause of the reduction in the
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INTRODUCTION I' Attachment of polar
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I 69 EXPERIMENTAL The mass spectrom
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+ Figure 1 Mixed water and methanol
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73 ' , radius might be expected bec
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75 Negative Ion Mass Spectra of Som
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A b 1 1 I H I I I FILAMEN T CONTINU
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79 for positive and negative ions,
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51 out to answer some of the questi
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93 INTERACTIONS OF EXCITED SPECIES
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L 4 I*C z 0'2 = a, a U x I m 4 m 0
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I L I, ; > > E Fig. 3 I50 200 150 1
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I 300 r 1 - 200 i io ;' a cn I I. 0
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where DISCUSSION OF XESULTS PERTAIN
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93 where the bar indicates values c
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'I i 'I 0 2. 4 6 8 2 [ N]* x' I 0-2
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Fig. 14 IO 8 6 4F [NO] x IO-" (mole
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for chemiluminescent excitation in
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101 Chemiluminescent Reactions of E
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103 All gases were taken directly f
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10; He: + N2 -. 2He + h': (8) whi!?
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description for both diffusion and
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B. Ions and Electrons I Consider a
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' 112 axial diffusion through the d
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the tube walls occurs continuously
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E2R M ' $6"
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9- 10. u. -
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120 . Dlschorge zone Reactor zone 1
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122 In radiation chemistry the cust
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124 4. chemistry seem limited essen
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126 Conversion of Mixtures into Mor
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Hydrazine Synthesis in A Silent dle
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{;I . - . .. . - .., . . .. _- .. .
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1 \ \ \ , \ , \ \ Pmer hnrity K.W.
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. I operating fact that the sloGe i
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_- of ' . 8. - 7 6, Residence Time
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135 Ionic Reactions in Corona Disch
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GAS OUT GAS IN i.ho QUADRUPOLE MASS
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- + ( ~ ~ + 0 H ) ~ O ~ ( H~o)~H+ +
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144 i I , , , , . + 1- u 3c w Inu c
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146 SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC COIGhTDS B
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mi5 a- dz CI n I a I n +4 - 0 -I- k
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0 z cu I I I
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I- I - t d m a .rl Y x c, t-' d k
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, 155 This result is significant in
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Compound Bond he rgy Li I 82 UBr 10
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, ”..’ 3or 25 - 5 20 - s 3 w Y
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I 161 THE GLOW DISCHARGE DEPOSITION
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Fig. 1 Process Apparatus -__l.ll__
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v) t- at- InIo Io0 t-Q) loo lcua O
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This study is only an approximation
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Mole Reaction Material ratio time e
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\ i (4) Effect of System Pressure T
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173 Pressure. Since pressure is a c
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175 Table VI X-RAY DATA OF DEPOSIT
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177 Another source of weakness is t
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179 PLATING IN A CORONA DISCHARGE R
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\ 3 , ,\ 110 v 60 CPS MANOMETER . F
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I i , \ I i & a - P Fig. 3 Reaction
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\ \' C 0 .d * d .- C U d 0) c( 1) L
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I i I . Q) I, s w 0 v) Y 0 a w W a
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I (b) Polarized Light Fig. 6 Cross
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i m v) Y C i! u o) 23 a a- + 191 m
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i, d C .d c c W Q ) 0 0 L1Y 0 000 0
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i e 4 0 wcr -4 4 al 0 0 0 c) cr 13:
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\ E ‘ 1 TIME FOR RUN 13-1 14-1 -
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199 a red heat in this cell using d
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\ , t j \ I, v) 2 Y . C 0 u m .I C
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203 VAPOR PHASE FORMATION OF NONCRY
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BELL JAR STANC TO VACUUM SYSTEM U T
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207 of the boron oxide film, the fi
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i I, 4 I.( Y I- * 0 i f i 3 0.t I I
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211 The Reacticn 3f Oxygen with Car
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2 E, W t- a Z 9 I- a 2 X 0 I50 too
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'i' 100 50 IC 21 5 2.0 2.5 SURFACE
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I- z W 0 w a a 100 80 60 40 20 215
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s., Literature Cited Berkley, C. ,
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7 h \ F 221 600°C and 1 atmosphere
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223 e I'
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R L ' -1 9mm O.D. 5mm I.D. 45mm 0.D
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Figure 5.- Paschen's law curves. 2-
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\ '? I The water-free product gases
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N I + 0" ON i I + 0 u / 0 0 I 0 cu
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- 233 SOME PROBLEMS OF THE KINETICS
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.. . :. ,. .I , . i ? .. . , ... .
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237 Table 2 Experimental Variables
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239 Zhbie I Eerccnt Consumption of
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241 Discussion The systematic varia
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I \ 1 243 FORMATION OF HYDROCARBONS
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h z - a o m a 20 T IME, minutes . F
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I 1 I I I I 0 I 2 3 4 5 TIME, minut
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The next five coluws in table 1 sho
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\ .\ t 251 Given the existence of t
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I L 253 Epple, R. P. and C. M. Apt.
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1 ' Fig. 1 Schematic of flow discha
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5' . ' I 1 257 co, with excess H2,
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1 1 1 moo 1400 1300 c V' I IPOO I I
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i 25i The Dlssocfatior of ToIuere V
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L ! , c PRODUCTS FROM A 28 MC. DISC
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'\ J ?. , .. . : PRODUCT FORMATION
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'9 / I '\ "1 BENZYL CATION AND RADI
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a
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271 tube serve? as the high voltare
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273 ion (1L.). Zxcitei-ion by colli
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Apparatus and Procedure 275 EXPERIM
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. 277 6. A freshly prepared sam le
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observed. The polystyrene (10% solu
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i i (12) c (11) (14) I 281 LITERATU
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FLOW- METER I ADDITIVE SUPPLY * ,28
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285 TABLE 2 Effect of Haloqenated A
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ANALYTICAL RESULTS Some evidence wa
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DISCUSSION 289 The salient features
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? ~ MENBERSHIP IN THE DIVISION OF F
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292 flow of the reactant gas stream
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294 have suitable residence times i
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0 E < h( E l! d K c 0 .- Y 0 t u t
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298 yields of many chemical product
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- ;i Y . 15. Pressure lOmm 5 > 10-
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302 the best and in many practical
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GENERATION AND MEASUREMENT OF AUDIO
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. The transformer secondary and the
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Vaccum-Tube Amplifier The mobile co
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310 f = Power supply frequency in c
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FUFARCI! INSTITUTE OF TFYDLC UNIVER
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J # I / 4) I . . '8 r4 0 r( P
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317 i Cuencb svsten w.nnar;itus use
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epcrte? the noss~kil.itv of nroduct
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1' b t +
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323 ....... - . . . . . . . . . . .
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1 \ i I i , / / / 8 3 1 325 To205 +
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- .- - - . - - . . . - . 327 n + c
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' POWER PLASMA GAS l e , ' I ! I I
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331 f'ENI?AL PF'FCLCCFC Dernis, P.R
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i J 333 ; mosphere (as opposed to a
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; it raised the question, still &?z
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p .I V I .= - - HCN/C(CALC. WITH C
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1 1 339 atmospheric ressure and ach
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RESULTS 341 Composition Dependence
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0.09 0.08 0.07 9 0.06 2 U - .$ 0.05
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II \ to the Slot So that less of th
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i 4 2 HYDROCARBON-NITROGEN REACTION
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I 1 349 c M m ; a e, k M x
Page 352 and 353: 1.0 I - a. I n TEMPERATURE - OK Fig
Page 354 and 355: 353 the experimental results in the
Page 356 and 357: ,) 355 The ceaswed conversion cf ni
Page 358 and 359: 1 6 357 Freezing. 3jpotnesise thzf
Page 360 and 361: 359 \ Frozen Compositior: Calcillat
Page 362 and 363: I 1 \ 361 -. ne reaction proceecis
Page 364 and 365: \ 36 3 ' h, I 26. H. Purnell, Gas C
Page 366 and 367: In experiments on the direct conver
Page 368 and 369: 367 used as blnders, with different
Page 370 and 371: 369 ' i 1. REFERENCES Berber, John
Page 372 and 373: Distribution and yield rates of pro
Page 374 and 375: . . I . I 370 . . . . ., . . .. . .
Page 376 and 377: 4 372 090- > E w - m c N O - 0 z :
Page 378 and 379: A-Feed tank 6-Thermocracker GReceiv
Page 380 and 381: 80 \ 0 70 60 e 40 a U VI 9 30 20 10
Page 382 and 383: COAL DEASH& AND HIGH-PURITY COKE Wa
Page 384 and 385: 3Pn _. -. - L -J:,J.-;~~~L, ):as se
Page 386 and 387: S ~ l ~ o n~pg:ading r is the resul
Page 388 and 389: The range ~f temperatures and gener
Page 390 and 391: . .. 386 9 * - r. Y 2 .' d a f' r.
Page 392 and 393: .) .L m 388 I
Page 394 and 395: TABLE 4 390 DELAYED COKING OF DEASH
Page 396 and 397: , ! I- on '---
Page 398 and 399: 394 The present method is to keep t
Page 400 and 401: 396 ‘c erperature, while the pres
Page 404 and 405: 0 IS 0 14 LL 9 013 e \ 3 b- m *- 01
Page 406 and 407: 402 HYDROGEN CYANIDE PRODUCED FROM
Page 408 and 409: 404 Before startup, the system is p
Page 410 and 411: 4 OL. ' , I. . TesCs. With.Coals .o
Page 412 and 413: Table 3.- Product Gas Analyses and
Page 414 and 415: 410 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. American Public
Page 416 and 417: Figure 2. Enclosure surrounding hyd
Page 418 and 419: 0 0 f v) C 0 u m I z 2 c 2 r d J w
Page 420 and 421: 0. E c .4 7 .. .c . I ( - Low tempe
Page 422 and 423: 418 cual. A mjor aa\;antage or' the
Page 424 and 425: 420 Ir ?Y ? ? 9 9 9 pc rod n o c o
Page 426 and 427: 422 Table 3. Room-texperature M'dss
Page 428 and 429: 424 state, depending on the strengt
Page 430 and 431: Table 4. Room-?;ergerature isomer s
Page 432 and 433: I' 1.3 . /o 9 IO 9 6 a 425 F F 33 I
Page 434 and 435: Brooks J.D. and Sternhell S. (1957)
Page 436 and 437: (52) Gib3 T.C. and Greenwood N.N. (
Page 438 and 439: 434 transducer vas then introduced
Page 440 and 441: 436 yield is quite similar. The con
Page 442 and 443: ?-!??? 0 mv, Uh\OhIe . . . . eirlrl
Page 444 and 445: 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 4
Page 446 and 447: 442 CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A CORONA
Page 448 and 449: helium 444 CORONA REACTOR SYSTEM Fi
Page 450 and 451: 446 The ultraviolet spectrum. for t
Page 452 and 453:
Biphenyl Fraction 448 The low molec
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LUd The actual structural definitio
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I I I I I In m 9 In 2 , I: r- In m
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’. 454 Mechanism I The available
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456 , , . The relatively low yield
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458 h/lethylacetylene, allene and b
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Introduction VAPOR PHASE DECOMPOSIT
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462 more efficient hydrogenation. T
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464 place in parallel with fragment
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466 P rl 0, k 7 rnI rn al k a I hl
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458 TABLE I. COMPOSI'IION OF GASEOU
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REFERENCES 1. C. Hirayama and D. A.
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i 472 Reciprocal Arc Enthalpy ,-> F
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474 be pumped down without altering
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476 Instead a hydrogen deficient fi
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i 478
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480 FATTY ACIDS AND n-ALKANES IN GR
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482 TA5L,E 2. - Carbon number distr
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6. 7. a. 9. 484 Lawlor, D. L., and
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' I ' Sample No. 6 ' 12 IO 8 6 z 4
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. 488 uiolecular weight of which ca
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Xississippi (Sample GS). Stock solu
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492 found at 5.7 and 4.9& for the W
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494 mechanisms. However, the voltad
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For pure polynuclcar arom.i;ic hydr
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- '-'. . ' . . values are listed in
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500 (1;) Ten, T. 17.: a;1d,Dic;
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- ~ Resistivity Czlculation 2: 1 j:
Page 508 and 509:
504 o ' C 0s 2 0 v x i 8 2 0 ! P -
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506 i
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d 601 L P LL
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I I I I I I I I m W N W N 0 (D ? 0
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514 was heated under nitrogen in a
Page 520 and 521:
The line broadening at 79OK of the
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Page 524 and 525:
W L, Z 6 m (1: 0 6 d j o 2 ' 1 0.0
Page 526 and 527:
Coals 522 Studies of the 1600 cm-l
Page 528 and 529:
L in ole i c a c id - 0' Two sample
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526 Table 1.- Ultimate analyses of
Page 532 and 533:
528 6. Friedel, R. A., and H. Retco
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egeneration. The system can be seen
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532 and can be expressed in terms o
Page 538 and 539:
534 in the vapor increases with inc
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NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 Pyridine Pyridine P
Page 542 and 543:
Mole Ratio of Test No. Quinoline to
Page 544 and 545:
IXPROFJCTION D; M. Mason Institute
Page 546 and 547:
-4:c~rciiny to recent studies o ;i4
Page 548 and 549:
544 Table 1. LIGHT EMISSION OF Y"TR
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emission in a few cases may be by d
Page 552 and 553:
LITERATUR2 CITED i. C. -. .' * il.
Page 554 and 555:
co, CH,,OR 1 - OTHER ADDITIVE FRITT
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FRIT 'TED CO, CH,.OR 4 ___ OTHER AD
Page 558 and 559:
340 350 300 400 4 50 500 600 700 80
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0 554 WITH COOLING (PLATE AT 40°C)
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5 56 then t = to when e = 0 2) the
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5 58 The surface heat transfer coef
Page 566 and 567:
Discussion and Results 560 Three br
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__- ._ 562 Table I THERMAL AND PHYS
Page 570:
ln 4 I 0 4J v \ 1.0 0.8 0.6 L - 0.4
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