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The range ~f temperatures and general operating characteristics proved similar to those employed for the stocks noted above. ( Reduced press~re is necessary for high solvent (600-900'F) recovery. Thus, it is anticipated that full scale plant operation would produce cokes with volatile matter contents approaching those normally encountered wich pecroleum stocks. Such cokes would be of \ low ash and satisiactorv sulfur contents and would be secured at high yields. \ The product distribution on coal solution and on coal are summarized in Table 3, based on a 2:1 solvent to coal ratio. It \ was found on examination of the coker total liquid products that the extraction solvent had been recovered without significant chnage. ' The properties of the coker feed and product coke are listed in 1 Table 4. F An alternate mechod of producing high purity coke utilizes , the pure coal excract as the raw material. This may be pulverized in a ball and ring or xing roller type m i l l , such as is used for powdered coal burners. The milled pure coal is then used to form a slurry with a refractory recycle stock, having a boiling range of about 500-700'F, The boiling range of this stock will vary somewhat, depending upon conditions in the heoter, the coke drum, and the ratio \ of solids to liquid, but is selected so that sufficient liquid phase 1 remains in the heater coils so as to convey the milled pure coal s without coke build-up in the heater. A third method of pure coke production considered, particularly where production of pure coke from coal would be conducted in canjunction wich the operation of a refinery, involves utilization of petroleum coker feedstock as the liquid in which the ( slurry of pure coal is formed. Where a low coke yield feedstock is used, the coke produced would be predominantly from pure coal. \ However, che proportion might be varied, depending upon the type of coker feedstock employed and the ratio of solids to liquid in the slurry charged LO the delayed coker. Alternate Processes for Coal Extract Recovery \ As an alternate to the recovery of coal extracts of original or decreased volatile matter contents by distillation, as noted in Tables 1 and 3, it was determined that these products could . be recovered readily from solution by precipitation with hydrocarbon , solvents. Thus, a paraffinic solvent yielded the complete deashed coal extract, whereas it was possible to recover a deashed coal with a volatile matter content 60 weight percent below that of the original coal with control of intermediate product values by manipulation of the aromaticity of the solvent blends. c 4 \ \ , ,
385 Referencee 1. Bloomer, W. J., and Martin. S. W.. U. S. Patent 3,109,803 (November 5, 1963). 2. Dicalite 40, General Refractories Company, used for bench and pilot filtrations. 3. Patent pending, 4. Orchin, M., Golumbic, C., Anderson, J. E., U. S. Bur. Mines Bull. 505, 1951. and Storch, 8. H., 5. Patent pending. I . . .
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Page 1 and 2:
)i 1 reesonably complete and accura
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3 inquire about the component of ve
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4 I I 5 To find (t2)av, we assume t
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\ vnich, it is noted can be negativ
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I 7 than or smaller than the second
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i I i I I I ) ) i L , I I . INT1:OD
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13 field per electron is and per co
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. 11. 5. CharRe-Transfer and Ion-Mo
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17 In the followin:: sections much
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above. With that EIN, an estimate o
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21 region in w!iich large, nighlv l
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i ’ understanding: 23 (a) Electro
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Obviously, the secondary ion must h
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27 (22) Franklin, J. L., Munson, M.
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Tables 1-6 present examples of rela
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Table 8 Some Ions Formed by Process
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33 velocity of the reacting partn r
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35 must be added to the Langevin cr
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37 In our laboratory a microwave di
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+ . 4 . r 39 as well as N in a cor0
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ION-MOIECULE REACTION RATES MEASUFI
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43 excitntion 2onditions so that th
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45 In 2 like manner Fig. 3, showing
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47 Absorption Spectra of Transient
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50 maximum fiela. In this manner, a
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52 3 % %- %- 5- a- 7 h W P H 0 L v)
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References I I . A.B.Callear, J.A.G
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._ . _-.. - , , . . ,. . The Pyrex
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58 0 0 0 VI J > I cv . u H a
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.... . 0 2 e I / m 0 H F4 : 1
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\ 0.9 0.8 0.7 06 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 01
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65 ' cause of the reduction in the
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INTRODUCTION I' Attachment of polar
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I 69 EXPERIMENTAL The mass spectrom
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+ Figure 1 Mixed water and methanol
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73 ' , radius might be expected bec
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75 Negative Ion Mass Spectra of Som
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A b 1 1 I H I I I FILAMEN T CONTINU
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79 for positive and negative ions,
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51 out to answer some of the questi
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93 INTERACTIONS OF EXCITED SPECIES
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L 4 I*C z 0'2 = a, a U x I m 4 m 0
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I L I, ; > > E Fig. 3 I50 200 150 1
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I 300 r 1 - 200 i io ;' a cn I I. 0
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where DISCUSSION OF XESULTS PERTAIN
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93 where the bar indicates values c
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'I i 'I 0 2. 4 6 8 2 [ N]* x' I 0-2
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Fig. 14 IO 8 6 4F [NO] x IO-" (mole
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for chemiluminescent excitation in
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101 Chemiluminescent Reactions of E
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103 All gases were taken directly f
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10; He: + N2 -. 2He + h': (8) whi!?
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description for both diffusion and
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B. Ions and Electrons I Consider a
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' 112 axial diffusion through the d
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the tube walls occurs continuously
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E2R M ' $6"
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9- 10. u. -
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120 . Dlschorge zone Reactor zone 1
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122 In radiation chemistry the cust
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124 4. chemistry seem limited essen
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126 Conversion of Mixtures into Mor
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Hydrazine Synthesis in A Silent dle
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{;I . - . .. . - .., . . .. _- .. .
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1 \ \ \ , \ , \ \ Pmer hnrity K.W.
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. I operating fact that the sloGe i
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_- of ' . 8. - 7 6, Residence Time
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135 Ionic Reactions in Corona Disch
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GAS OUT GAS IN i.ho QUADRUPOLE MASS
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- + ( ~ ~ + 0 H ) ~ O ~ ( H~o)~H+ +
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144 i I , , , , . + 1- u 3c w Inu c
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146 SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC COIGhTDS B
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mi5 a- dz CI n I a I n +4 - 0 -I- k
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0 z cu I I I
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I- I - t d m a .rl Y x c, t-' d k
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, 155 This result is significant in
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Compound Bond he rgy Li I 82 UBr 10
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, ”..’ 3or 25 - 5 20 - s 3 w Y
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I 161 THE GLOW DISCHARGE DEPOSITION
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Fig. 1 Process Apparatus -__l.ll__
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v) t- at- InIo Io0 t-Q) loo lcua O
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This study is only an approximation
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Mole Reaction Material ratio time e
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\ i (4) Effect of System Pressure T
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173 Pressure. Since pressure is a c
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175 Table VI X-RAY DATA OF DEPOSIT
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177 Another source of weakness is t
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179 PLATING IN A CORONA DISCHARGE R
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\ 3 , ,\ 110 v 60 CPS MANOMETER . F
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I i , \ I i & a - P Fig. 3 Reaction
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\ \' C 0 .d * d .- C U d 0) c( 1) L
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I i I . Q) I, s w 0 v) Y 0 a w W a
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I (b) Polarized Light Fig. 6 Cross
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i m v) Y C i! u o) 23 a a- + 191 m
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i, d C .d c c W Q ) 0 0 L1Y 0 000 0
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i e 4 0 wcr -4 4 al 0 0 0 c) cr 13:
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\ E ‘ 1 TIME FOR RUN 13-1 14-1 -
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199 a red heat in this cell using d
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\ , t j \ I, v) 2 Y . C 0 u m .I C
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203 VAPOR PHASE FORMATION OF NONCRY
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BELL JAR STANC TO VACUUM SYSTEM U T
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207 of the boron oxide film, the fi
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i I, 4 I.( Y I- * 0 i f i 3 0.t I I
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211 The Reacticn 3f Oxygen with Car
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2 E, W t- a Z 9 I- a 2 X 0 I50 too
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'i' 100 50 IC 21 5 2.0 2.5 SURFACE
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I- z W 0 w a a 100 80 60 40 20 215
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s., Literature Cited Berkley, C. ,
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7 h \ F 221 600°C and 1 atmosphere
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223 e I'
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R L ' -1 9mm O.D. 5mm I.D. 45mm 0.D
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Figure 5.- Paschen's law curves. 2-
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\ '? I The water-free product gases
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N I + 0" ON i I + 0 u / 0 0 I 0 cu
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- 233 SOME PROBLEMS OF THE KINETICS
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.. . :. ,. .I , . i ? .. . , ... .
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237 Table 2 Experimental Variables
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239 Zhbie I Eerccnt Consumption of
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241 Discussion The systematic varia
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I \ 1 243 FORMATION OF HYDROCARBONS
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h z - a o m a 20 T IME, minutes . F
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I 1 I I I I 0 I 2 3 4 5 TIME, minut
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The next five coluws in table 1 sho
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\ .\ t 251 Given the existence of t
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I L 253 Epple, R. P. and C. M. Apt.
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1 ' Fig. 1 Schematic of flow discha
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5' . ' I 1 257 co, with excess H2,
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1 1 1 moo 1400 1300 c V' I IPOO I I
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i 25i The Dlssocfatior of ToIuere V
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L ! , c PRODUCTS FROM A 28 MC. DISC
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'\ J ?. , .. . : PRODUCT FORMATION
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'9 / I '\ "1 BENZYL CATION AND RADI
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a
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271 tube serve? as the high voltare
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273 ion (1L.). Zxcitei-ion by colli
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Apparatus and Procedure 275 EXPERIM
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. 277 6. A freshly prepared sam le
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observed. The polystyrene (10% solu
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i i (12) c (11) (14) I 281 LITERATU
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FLOW- METER I ADDITIVE SUPPLY * ,28
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285 TABLE 2 Effect of Haloqenated A
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ANALYTICAL RESULTS Some evidence wa
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DISCUSSION 289 The salient features
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? ~ MENBERSHIP IN THE DIVISION OF F
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292 flow of the reactant gas stream
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294 have suitable residence times i
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0 E < h( E l! d K c 0 .- Y 0 t u t
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298 yields of many chemical product
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- ;i Y . 15. Pressure lOmm 5 > 10-
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302 the best and in many practical
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GENERATION AND MEASUREMENT OF AUDIO
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. The transformer secondary and the
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Vaccum-Tube Amplifier The mobile co
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310 f = Power supply frequency in c
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FUFARCI! INSTITUTE OF TFYDLC UNIVER
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J # I / 4) I . . '8 r4 0 r( P
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317 i Cuencb svsten w.nnar;itus use
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epcrte? the noss~kil.itv of nroduct
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1' b t +
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323 ....... - . . . . . . . . . . .
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1 \ i I i , / / / 8 3 1 325 To205 +
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- .- - - . - - . . . - . 327 n + c
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' POWER PLASMA GAS l e , ' I ! I I
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331 f'ENI?AL PF'FCLCCFC Dernis, P.R
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i J 333 ; mosphere (as opposed to a
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; it raised the question, still &?z
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p .I V I .= - - HCN/C(CALC. WITH C
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1 1 339 atmospheric ressure and ach
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RESULTS 341 Composition Dependence
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0.09 0.08 0.07 9 0.06 2 U - .$ 0.05
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II \ to the Slot So that less of th
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i 4 2 HYDROCARBON-NITROGEN REACTION
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I 1 349 c M m ; a e, k M x
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1.0 I - a. I n TEMPERATURE - OK Fig
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353 the experimental results in the
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,) 355 The ceaswed conversion cf ni
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1 6 357 Freezing. 3jpotnesise thzf
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359 \ Frozen Compositior: Calcillat
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I 1 \ 361 -. ne reaction proceecis
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\ 36 3 ' h, I 26. H. Purnell, Gas C
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In experiments on the direct conver
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367 used as blnders, with different
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369 ' i 1. REFERENCES Berber, John
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Distribution and yield rates of pro
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. . I . I 370 . . . . ., . . .. . .
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4 372 090- > E w - m c N O - 0 z :
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A-Feed tank 6-Thermocracker GReceiv
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80 \ 0 70 60 e 40 a U VI 9 30 20 10
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COAL DEASH& AND HIGH-PURITY COKE Wa
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3Pn _. -. - L -J:,J.-;~~~L, ):as se
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S ~ l ~ o n~pg:ading r is the resul
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. .. 386 9 * - r. Y 2 .' d a f' r.
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.) .L m 388 I
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TABLE 4 390 DELAYED COKING OF DEASH
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, ! I- on '---
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394 The present method is to keep t
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396 ‘c erperature, while the pres
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2, '! ! Proximate Analysis, wt $ Mo
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0 IS 0 14 LL 9 013 e \ 3 b- m *- 01
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Page 406 and 407:
402 HYDROGEN CYANIDE PRODUCED FROM
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404 Before startup, the system is p
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4 OL. ' , I. . TesCs. With.Coals .o
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Table 3.- Product Gas Analyses and
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410 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. American Public
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Figure 2. Enclosure surrounding hyd
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0 0 f v) C 0 u m I z 2 c 2 r d J w
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0. E c .4 7 .. .c . I ( - Low tempe
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418 cual. A mjor aa\;antage or' the
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420 Ir ?Y ? ? 9 9 9 pc rod n o c o
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Page 426 and 427:
422 Table 3. Room-texperature M'dss
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424 state, depending on the strengt
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Page 430 and 431:
Table 4. Room-?;ergerature isomer s
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I' 1.3 . /o 9 IO 9 6 a 425 F F 33 I
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Page 434 and 435:
Brooks J.D. and Sternhell S. (1957)
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Page 436 and 437:
(52) Gib3 T.C. and Greenwood N.N. (
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434 transducer vas then introduced
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Page 440 and 441:
436 yield is quite similar. The con
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Page 442 and 443:
?-!??? 0 mv, Uh\OhIe . . . . eirlrl
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4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 4
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Page 446 and 447:
442 CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A CORONA
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Page 448 and 449:
helium 444 CORONA REACTOR SYSTEM Fi
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Page 450 and 451:
446 The ultraviolet spectrum. for t
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Page 452 and 453:
Biphenyl Fraction 448 The low molec
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LUd The actual structural definitio
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I I I I I In m 9 In 2 , I: r- In m
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Page 458 and 459:
’. 454 Mechanism I The available
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456 , , . The relatively low yield
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458 h/lethylacetylene, allene and b
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Introduction VAPOR PHASE DECOMPOSIT
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Page 466 and 467:
462 more efficient hydrogenation. T
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Page 468 and 469:
464 place in parallel with fragment
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466 P rl 0, k 7 rnI rn al k a I hl
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Page 472 and 473:
458 TABLE I. COMPOSI'IION OF GASEOU
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Page 474 and 475:
REFERENCES 1. C. Hirayama and D. A.
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Page 476 and 477:
i 472 Reciprocal Arc Enthalpy ,-> F
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Page 478 and 479:
474 be pumped down without altering
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Page 480 and 481:
476 Instead a hydrogen deficient fi
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Page 482 and 483:
i 478
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Page 484 and 485:
480 FATTY ACIDS AND n-ALKANES IN GR
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Page 486 and 487:
482 TA5L,E 2. - Carbon number distr
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Page 488 and 489:
6. 7. a. 9. 484 Lawlor, D. L., and
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Page 490 and 491:
' I ' Sample No. 6 ' 12 IO 8 6 z 4
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Page 492 and 493:
. 488 uiolecular weight of which ca
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Page 494 and 495:
Xississippi (Sample GS). Stock solu
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Page 496 and 497:
492 found at 5.7 and 4.9& for the W
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Page 498 and 499:
494 mechanisms. However, the voltad
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Page 500 and 501:
For pure polynuclcar arom.i;ic hydr
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Page 502 and 503:
- '-'. . ' . . values are listed in
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Page 504 and 505:
500 (1;) Ten, T. 17.: a;1d,Dic;
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Page 506 and 507:
- ~ Resistivity Czlculation 2: 1 j:
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Page 508 and 509:
504 o ' C 0s 2 0 v x i 8 2 0 ! P -
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Page 510 and 511:
506 i
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Page 512 and 513:
d 601 L P LL
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Page 516 and 517:
I I I I I I I I m W N W N 0 (D ? 0
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Page 518 and 519:
514 was heated under nitrogen in a
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Page 520 and 521:
The line broadening at 79OK of the
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Page 522 and 523:
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
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Page 524 and 525:
W L, Z 6 m (1: 0 6 d j o 2 ' 1 0.0
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Page 526 and 527:
Coals 522 Studies of the 1600 cm-l
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Page 528 and 529:
L in ole i c a c id - 0' Two sample
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Page 530 and 531:
526 Table 1.- Ultimate analyses of
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Page 532 and 533:
528 6. Friedel, R. A., and H. Retco
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Page 534 and 535:
egeneration. The system can be seen
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Page 536 and 537:
532 and can be expressed in terms o
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Page 538 and 539:
534 in the vapor increases with inc
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Page 540 and 541:
NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 Pyridine Pyridine P
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Page 542 and 543:
Mole Ratio of Test No. Quinoline to
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Page 544 and 545:
IXPROFJCTION D; M. Mason Institute
-
Page 546 and 547:
-4:c~rciiny to recent studies o ;i4
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Page 548 and 549:
544 Table 1. LIGHT EMISSION OF Y"TR
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Page 550 and 551:
emission in a few cases may be by d
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Page 552 and 553:
LITERATUR2 CITED i. C. -. .' * il.
-
Page 554 and 555:
co, CH,,OR 1 - OTHER ADDITIVE FRITT
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Page 556 and 557:
FRIT 'TED CO, CH,.OR 4 ___ OTHER AD
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Page 558 and 559:
340 350 300 400 4 50 500 600 700 80
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Page 560 and 561:
0 554 WITH COOLING (PLATE AT 40°C)
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Page 562 and 563:
5 56 then t = to when e = 0 2) the
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Page 564 and 565:
5 58 The surface heat transfer coef
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Page 566 and 567:
Discussion and Results 560 Three br
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Page 568 and 569:
__- ._ 562 Table I THERMAL AND PHYS
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Page 570:
ln 4 I 0 4J v \ 1.0 0.8 0.6 L - 0.4
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