chemical physics of discharges - Argonne National Laboratory

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' POWER PLASMA GAS l e , ' I ! I I 329 - PLASMA JET GENERATOR j-~ &TERPENE IN ! ! I 1 /- OUENCHING CHAMBER / I . 4 i 1 I ' :. - : j : 1- H20 IN I ' I I r- ' PLASTIC I I I 1 BAG +LIQUID COLLECTOR I
330 PPTRFKCCS 1. Leutner, 1'. l!. & Stokes, C. c. , Ind. Pnp. Chem. 2 341 (1961) 2. 3. 4. Damon, F.A. F, thite, D.E., "roposec! "lasma Chemical Processes of Interest to the Petroleurr Industrv, Fenort KO. PLR-115, Plasmadyne Corp. , Santa Pna, Calif. (Feb. 8, 1962) I \ Anderson, .l.E. E Case, L.K., I & F.C. Procoss Desipn and Develop. i(1962) Development and Possible Applications of Plasma and Related High Temperature . Ceneratinp: Uevices, Deport !JPP-l67-!! , Pivision of Jhpi.neerinp and Tndustrial \ Research , Hational Pcadeav of (PUP. 30, 1960) 5. I,eutner, F.W. 6. I. R. 9. Sciences , Fational Research Council , l?'ashineton. D.C. I .E F.P., Process Design and Develop. 2 315 (1963) Crosse , /I..V., Leutner, H.W. &. Stokes, C.S. , Plasma iTet Chemistry, First Pnnual Feport The Research Institute of Tenple University,. Office of :!aval Reseerch Contract K!':!?-3085(02), (Dec. 31, 1961) DaRon, R.A. & G!hite, D.F., Typical InorFanic and Inorganic Miph Temperature plasma '\ ,?et Reactions, Peport ?!o, PLR-119, Plasmadvne Corp. , Santa Ana, Calif. (Sept. 20, 196: Stokes, C.S. F, Knipe, W.H., Ind. rng. Chem. 52, 287 (1960) 1 Office of Naval Research Grosse, P.V., Stokes, C .S., Cahill, J.A. & Correa, ,T..T., Plasma Jet Chemistry, Final Feport, The Sesearch Institute of Temple Universitv, Contract NONR-3085(02) ,(dune 30, 1963) 10. Bronfin, D.?. & Hazlett, P.H., I & C.C., Fundamentals 2 472 (1966) \1 . 11. Freeman, H.P. & Skrivan, ,?.I". , A .1 .Ch.E. Journal 5 450 (1962) c 12. Stokes, C.S. & Cahill, ,T.A., Plasma Jet Chemistry, Final Report, The Research Institute of Temple University, A i r Form Office of Scientific Research Grant 775-65, (December, 1965) 13. Leutner, R.W., Ind. Ene. Chem. Process Design &-Develop. 1166 (1962) I&. Graves, R.D. , Kawa, W. & Hiteshue, R.W. , I t E.C. Process Desi,qn E, Develop. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. \ \ \ \ \I '. f s' 59 (1 6 Parmisch, F., Kevmer, C. & Schallus, E., Anaew, Chem. Intemaut.' Edit. 2 238 (1963) \ Carbon-Elack Formation Usinp the Plasma Flame in Yicro-Chemical Reactions, Plasma-Fax, Bulletin PF-3, Thermal Dynamics Corp. Lebanon, K.H. (Oct. 1960) k Stokes, C.S., Cahill, J.A., Correa, J.J. & Grosse, P.V., Dlasma Jet Chemistry, Final Report, ?he Research Institute of Temple University, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant 62-196 (Dec. 1964) Stokes, C.S. & Strenp, T,.A., I & L.C. Product Research & Develop. 5 36 (1965) Plasma Flame Used in Formation of Acetylene from Kerosene, Plasma-Fax Bulletin Pr-2, Thermal Dynanic CorD., Lebanon, N.H. (kt. 1960) c 50. Stokes, C.S. & Correa, ,?.J., Terpene Reaction in a Plasma Jet. Final Report. The Pesearch Institute of Temple Univ. The clidden Company (spnsor)(Dec, 19610 \ - ?
Page 1 and 2:
)i 1 reesonably complete and accura
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3 inquire about the component of ve
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4 I I 5 To find (t2)av, we assume t
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\ vnich, it is noted can be negativ
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I 7 than or smaller than the second
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i I i I I I ) ) i L , I I . INT1:OD
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13 field per electron is and per co
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. 11. 5. CharRe-Transfer and Ion-Mo
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17 In the followin:: sections much
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above. With that EIN, an estimate o
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21 region in w!iich large, nighlv l
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i ’ understanding: 23 (a) Electro
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Obviously, the secondary ion must h
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27 (22) Franklin, J. L., Munson, M.
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Tables 1-6 present examples of rela
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Table 8 Some Ions Formed by Process
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33 velocity of the reacting partn r
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35 must be added to the Langevin cr
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37 In our laboratory a microwave di
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+ . 4 . r 39 as well as N in a cor0
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ION-MOIECULE REACTION RATES MEASUFI
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43 excitntion 2onditions so that th
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45 In 2 like manner Fig. 3, showing
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47 Absorption Spectra of Transient
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50 maximum fiela. In this manner, a
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52 3 % %- %- 5- a- 7 h W P H 0 L v)
Page 54 and 55:
References I I . A.B.Callear, J.A.G
Page 56 and 57:
._ . _-.. - , , . . ,. . The Pyrex
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58 0 0 0 VI J > I cv . u H a
Page 60:
.... . 0 2 e I / m 0 H F4 : 1
Page 63 and 64:
\ 0.9 0.8 0.7 06 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 01
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65 ' cause of the reduction in the
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INTRODUCTION I' Attachment of polar
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I 69 EXPERIMENTAL The mass spectrom
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+ Figure 1 Mixed water and methanol
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73 ' , radius might be expected bec
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75 Negative Ion Mass Spectra of Som
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A b 1 1 I H I I I FILAMEN T CONTINU
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79 for positive and negative ions,
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51 out to answer some of the questi
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93 INTERACTIONS OF EXCITED SPECIES
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L 4 I*C z 0'2 = a, a U x I m 4 m 0
Page 87 and 88:
I L I, ; > > E Fig. 3 I50 200 150 1
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I 300 r 1 - 200 i io ;' a cn I I. 0
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where DISCUSSION OF XESULTS PERTAIN
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93 where the bar indicates values c
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'I i 'I 0 2. 4 6 8 2 [ N]* x' I 0-2
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Fig. 14 IO 8 6 4F [NO] x IO-" (mole
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for chemiluminescent excitation in
Page 101 and 102:
101 Chemiluminescent Reactions of E
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103 All gases were taken directly f
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10; He: + N2 -. 2He + h': (8) whi!?
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description for both diffusion and
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B. Ions and Electrons I Consider a
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' 112 axial diffusion through the d
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the tube walls occurs continuously
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E2R M ' $6"
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9- 10. u. -
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120 . Dlschorge zone Reactor zone 1
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122 In radiation chemistry the cust
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124 4. chemistry seem limited essen
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126 Conversion of Mixtures into Mor
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Hydrazine Synthesis in A Silent dle
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{;I . - . .. . - .., . . .. _- .. .
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1 \ \ \ , \ , \ \ Pmer hnrity K.W.
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. I operating fact that the sloGe i
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_- of ' . 8. - 7 6, Residence Time
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135 Ionic Reactions in Corona Disch
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GAS OUT GAS IN i.ho QUADRUPOLE MASS
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- + ( ~ ~ + 0 H ) ~ O ~ ( H~o)~H+ +
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144 i I , , , , . + 1- u 3c w Inu c
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146 SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC COIGhTDS B
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mi5 a- dz CI n I a I n +4 - 0 -I- k
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0 z cu I I I
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I- I - t d m a .rl Y x c, t-' d k
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, 155 This result is significant in
Page 157 and 158:
Compound Bond he rgy Li I 82 UBr 10
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, ”..’ 3or 25 - 5 20 - s 3 w Y
Page 161 and 162:
I 161 THE GLOW DISCHARGE DEPOSITION
Page 163 and 164:
Fig. 1 Process Apparatus -__l.ll__
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v) t- at- InIo Io0 t-Q) loo lcua O
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This study is only an approximation
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Mole Reaction Material ratio time e
Page 171 and 172:
\ i (4) Effect of System Pressure T
Page 173 and 174:
173 Pressure. Since pressure is a c
Page 175 and 176:
175 Table VI X-RAY DATA OF DEPOSIT
Page 177 and 178:
177 Another source of weakness is t
Page 179 and 180:
179 PLATING IN A CORONA DISCHARGE R
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\ 3 , ,\ 110 v 60 CPS MANOMETER . F
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I i , \ I i & a - P Fig. 3 Reaction
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\ \' C 0 .d * d .- C U d 0) c( 1) L
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I i I . Q) I, s w 0 v) Y 0 a w W a
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I (b) Polarized Light Fig. 6 Cross
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i m v) Y C i! u o) 23 a a- + 191 m
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i, d C .d c c W Q ) 0 0 L1Y 0 000 0
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i e 4 0 wcr -4 4 al 0 0 0 c) cr 13:
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\ E ‘ 1 TIME FOR RUN 13-1 14-1 -
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199 a red heat in this cell using d
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\ , t j \ I, v) 2 Y . C 0 u m .I C
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203 VAPOR PHASE FORMATION OF NONCRY
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BELL JAR STANC TO VACUUM SYSTEM U T
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207 of the boron oxide film, the fi
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i I, 4 I.( Y I- * 0 i f i 3 0.t I I
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211 The Reacticn 3f Oxygen with Car
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2 E, W t- a Z 9 I- a 2 X 0 I50 too
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'i' 100 50 IC 21 5 2.0 2.5 SURFACE
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I- z W 0 w a a 100 80 60 40 20 215
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s., Literature Cited Berkley, C. ,
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7 h \ F 221 600°C and 1 atmosphere
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223 e I'
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R L ' -1 9mm O.D. 5mm I.D. 45mm 0.D
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Figure 5.- Paschen's law curves. 2-
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\ '? I The water-free product gases
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N I + 0" ON i I + 0 u / 0 0 I 0 cu
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- 233 SOME PROBLEMS OF THE KINETICS
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.. . :. ,. .I , . i ? .. . , ... .
Page 237 and 238:
237 Table 2 Experimental Variables
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239 Zhbie I Eerccnt Consumption of
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241 Discussion The systematic varia
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I \ 1 243 FORMATION OF HYDROCARBONS
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h z - a o m a 20 T IME, minutes . F
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I 1 I I I I 0 I 2 3 4 5 TIME, minut
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The next five coluws in table 1 sho
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\ .\ t 251 Given the existence of t
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I L 253 Epple, R. P. and C. M. Apt.
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1 ' Fig. 1 Schematic of flow discha
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5' . ' I 1 257 co, with excess H2,
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1 1 1 moo 1400 1300 c V' I IPOO I I
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i 25i The Dlssocfatior of ToIuere V
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L ! , c PRODUCTS FROM A 28 MC. DISC
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'\ J ?. , .. . : PRODUCT FORMATION
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'9 / I '\ "1 BENZYL CATION AND RADI
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a
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271 tube serve? as the high voltare
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273 ion (1L.). Zxcitei-ion by colli
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Apparatus and Procedure 275 EXPERIM
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. 277 6. A freshly prepared sam le
Page 279 and 280: observed. The polystyrene (10% solu
Page 281 and 282: i i (12) c (11) (14) I 281 LITERATU
Page 283 and 284: FLOW- METER I ADDITIVE SUPPLY * ,28
Page 285 and 286: 285 TABLE 2 Effect of Haloqenated A
Page 287 and 288: ANALYTICAL RESULTS Some evidence wa
Page 289 and 290: DISCUSSION 289 The salient features
Page 291 and 292: ? ~ MENBERSHIP IN THE DIVISION OF F
Page 293 and 294: 292 flow of the reactant gas stream
Page 295 and 296: 294 have suitable residence times i
Page 297 and 298: 0 E < h( E l! d K c 0 .- Y 0 t u t
Page 299 and 300: 298 yields of many chemical product
Page 301 and 302: - ;i Y . 15. Pressure lOmm 5 > 10-
Page 303 and 304: 302 the best and in many practical
Page 305 and 306: GENERATION AND MEASUREMENT OF AUDIO
Page 307 and 308: . The transformer secondary and the
Page 309 and 310: Vaccum-Tube Amplifier The mobile co
Page 311 and 312: 310 f = Power supply frequency in c
Page 313: FUFARCI! INSTITUTE OF TFYDLC UNIVER
Page 316 and 317: J # I / 4) I . . '8 r4 0 r( P
Page 318 and 319: 317 i Cuencb svsten w.nnar;itus use
Page 320 and 321: epcrte? the noss~kil.itv of nroduct
Page 322 and 323: 1' b t +
Page 324 and 325: 323 ....... - . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 326 and 327: 1 \ i I i , / / / 8 3 1 325 To205 +
Page 328 and 329: - .- - - . - - . . . - . 327 n + c
Page 332 and 333: 331 f'ENI?AL PF'FCLCCFC Dernis, P.R
Page 334 and 335: i J 333 ; mosphere (as opposed to a
Page 336 and 337: ; it raised the question, still &?z
Page 338 and 339: p .I V I .= - - HCN/C(CALC. WITH C
Page 340 and 341: 1 1 339 atmospheric ressure and ach
Page 342 and 343: RESULTS 341 Composition Dependence
Page 344 and 345: 0.09 0.08 0.07 9 0.06 2 U - .$ 0.05
Page 346 and 347: II \ to the Slot So that less of th
Page 348 and 349: i 4 2 HYDROCARBON-NITROGEN REACTION
Page 350 and 351: I 1 349 c M m ; a e, k M x
Page 352 and 353: 1.0 I - a. I n TEMPERATURE - OK Fig
Page 354 and 355: 353 the experimental results in the
Page 356 and 357: ,) 355 The ceaswed conversion cf ni
Page 358 and 359: 1 6 357 Freezing. 3jpotnesise thzf
Page 360 and 361: 359 \ Frozen Compositior: Calcillat
Page 362 and 363: I 1 \ 361 -. ne reaction proceecis
Page 364 and 365: \ 36 3 ' h, I 26. H. Purnell, Gas C
Page 366 and 367: In experiments on the direct conver
Page 368 and 369: 367 used as blnders, with different
Page 370 and 371: 369 ' i 1. REFERENCES Berber, John
Page 372 and 373: Distribution and yield rates of pro
Page 374 and 375: . . I . I 370 . . . . ., . . .. . .
Page 376 and 377: 4 372 090- > E w - m c N O - 0 z :
Page 378 and 379: A-Feed tank 6-Thermocracker GReceiv
Page 380 and 381:
80 \ 0 70 60 e 40 a U VI 9 30 20 10
Page 382 and 383:
COAL DEASH& AND HIGH-PURITY COKE Wa
Page 384 and 385:
3Pn _. -. - L -J:,J.-;~~~L, ):as se
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S ~ l ~ o n~pg:ading r is the resul
Page 388 and 389:
The range ~f temperatures and gener
Page 390 and 391:
. .. 386 9 * - r. Y 2 .' d a f' r.
Page 392 and 393:
.) .L m 388 I
Page 394 and 395:
TABLE 4 390 DELAYED COKING OF DEASH
Page 396 and 397:
, ! I- on '---
Page 398 and 399:
394 The present method is to keep t
Page 400 and 401:
396 ‘c erperature, while the pres
Page 402 and 403:
2, '! ! Proximate Analysis, wt $ Mo
Page 404 and 405:
0 IS 0 14 LL 9 013 e \ 3 b- m *- 01
Page 406 and 407:
402 HYDROGEN CYANIDE PRODUCED FROM
Page 408 and 409:
404 Before startup, the system is p
Page 410 and 411:
4 OL. ' , I. . TesCs. With.Coals .o
Page 412 and 413:
Table 3.- Product Gas Analyses and
Page 414 and 415:
410 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. American Public
Page 416 and 417:
Figure 2. Enclosure surrounding hyd
Page 418 and 419:
0 0 f v) C 0 u m I z 2 c 2 r d J w
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0. E c .4 7 .. .c . I ( - Low tempe
Page 422 and 423:
418 cual. A mjor aa\;antage or' the
Page 424 and 425:
420 Ir ?Y ? ? 9 9 9 pc rod n o c o
Page 426 and 427:
422 Table 3. Room-texperature M'dss
Page 428 and 429:
424 state, depending on the strengt
Page 430 and 431:
Table 4. Room-?;ergerature isomer s
Page 432 and 433:
I' 1.3 . /o 9 IO 9 6 a 425 F F 33 I
Page 434 and 435:
Brooks J.D. and Sternhell S. (1957)
Page 436 and 437:
(52) Gib3 T.C. and Greenwood N.N. (
Page 438 and 439:
434 transducer vas then introduced
Page 440 and 441:
436 yield is quite similar. The con
Page 442 and 443:
?-!??? 0 mv, Uh\OhIe . . . . eirlrl
Page 444 and 445:
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 4
Page 446 and 447:
442 CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A CORONA
Page 448 and 449:
helium 444 CORONA REACTOR SYSTEM Fi
Page 450 and 451:
446 The ultraviolet spectrum. for t
Page 452 and 453:
Biphenyl Fraction 448 The low molec
Page 454 and 455:
LUd The actual structural definitio
Page 456 and 457:
I I I I I In m 9 In 2 , I: r- In m
Page 458 and 459:
’. 454 Mechanism I The available
Page 460 and 461:
456 , , . The relatively low yield
Page 462 and 463:
458 h/lethylacetylene, allene and b
Page 464 and 465:
Introduction VAPOR PHASE DECOMPOSIT
Page 466 and 467:
462 more efficient hydrogenation. T
Page 468 and 469:
464 place in parallel with fragment
Page 470 and 471:
466 P rl 0, k 7 rnI rn al k a I hl
Page 472 and 473:
458 TABLE I. COMPOSI'IION OF GASEOU
Page 474 and 475:
REFERENCES 1. C. Hirayama and D. A.
Page 476 and 477:
i 472 Reciprocal Arc Enthalpy ,-> F
Page 478 and 479:
474 be pumped down without altering
Page 480 and 481:
476 Instead a hydrogen deficient fi
Page 482 and 483:
i 478
Page 484 and 485:
480 FATTY ACIDS AND n-ALKANES IN GR
Page 486 and 487:
482 TA5L,E 2. - Carbon number distr
Page 488 and 489:
6. 7. a. 9. 484 Lawlor, D. L., and
Page 490 and 491:
' I ' Sample No. 6 ' 12 IO 8 6 z 4
Page 492 and 493:
. 488 uiolecular weight of which ca
Page 494 and 495:
Xississippi (Sample GS). Stock solu
Page 496 and 497:
492 found at 5.7 and 4.9& for the W
Page 498 and 499:
494 mechanisms. However, the voltad
Page 500 and 501:
For pure polynuclcar arom.i;ic hydr
Page 502 and 503:
- '-'. . ' . . values are listed in
Page 504 and 505:
500 (1;) Ten, T. 17.: a;1d,Dic;
Page 506 and 507:
- ~ Resistivity Czlculation 2: 1 j:
Page 508 and 509:
504 o ' C 0s 2 0 v x i 8 2 0 ! P -
Page 510 and 511:
506 i
Page 512 and 513:
d 601 L P LL
Page 516 and 517:
I I I I I I I I m W N W N 0 (D ? 0
Page 518 and 519:
514 was heated under nitrogen in a
Page 520 and 521:
The line broadening at 79OK of the
Page 522 and 523:
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Page 524 and 525:
W L, Z 6 m (1: 0 6 d j o 2 ' 1 0.0
Page 526 and 527:
Coals 522 Studies of the 1600 cm-l
Page 528 and 529:
L in ole i c a c id - 0' Two sample
Page 530 and 531:
526 Table 1.- Ultimate analyses of
Page 532 and 533:
528 6. Friedel, R. A., and H. Retco
Page 534 and 535:
egeneration. The system can be seen
Page 536 and 537:
532 and can be expressed in terms o
Page 538 and 539:
534 in the vapor increases with inc
Page 540 and 541:
NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 Pyridine Pyridine P
Page 542 and 543:
Mole Ratio of Test No. Quinoline to
Page 544 and 545:
IXPROFJCTION D; M. Mason Institute
Page 546 and 547:
-4:c~rciiny to recent studies o ;i4
Page 548 and 549:
544 Table 1. LIGHT EMISSION OF Y"TR
Page 550 and 551:
emission in a few cases may be by d
Page 552 and 553:
LITERATUR2 CITED i. C. -. .' * il.
Page 554 and 555:
co, CH,,OR 1 - OTHER ADDITIVE FRITT
Page 556 and 557:
FRIT 'TED CO, CH,.OR 4 ___ OTHER AD
Page 558 and 559:
340 350 300 400 4 50 500 600 700 80
Page 560 and 561:
0 554 WITH COOLING (PLATE AT 40°C)
Page 562 and 563:
5 56 then t = to when e = 0 2) the
Page 564 and 565:
5 58 The surface heat transfer coef
Page 566 and 567:
Discussion and Results 560 Three br
Page 568 and 569:
__- ._ 562 Table I THERMAL AND PHYS
Page 570:
ln 4 I 0 4J v \ 1.0 0.8 0.6 L - 0.4
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