chemical physics of discharges - Argonne National Laboratory

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317 i Cuencb svsten w.nnar;itus use8 has been full11 characteri::ec! and shown to i be R verv COO(! Fit f ~ a r d;ifrlsi.onal -n*el. / DeceatlV iny~e~tj,patidns at the Pesiarch Institute of TemDle IJniversi.ty 5ave shown that hvdro sulfide ccn be bvnthesiz.e(! fron its element, hvdropen and sulfur nowder fed in a heliur plasm ;et (12). Cnnversions as hish as 37: hased on / thk sulfur innut have heen o?t?ined. riuure 4 sh&is hojh the ? conversion and the . ' F/Y.whr of hyrdropcr siilf-ide fo6ed vs. Kwhr/p @f,kUlfur,iGput. As can be seen from the fipure the raximw conversion ?, dces not necessarily; hi,ve the maxivum nroduction eff ic ienclr. P consic2erable nurhei of, dvntheqi.ses ha& he& .carried out usinp solid carbon j powder or rranhite eleyent,s .as .a ,carhcn' soprc6 for reactj:ons with various materials includj.np h-ydroren , nitrocen , .hydroben-n'itrc%n and ammonia. reactions 1 thro~wh 5 2 show the various producti.ons ,obtaine$ .hqi ihese reacti&s., Tn the case of acetylene . ' synthesjs (reaction 2) tt1.e h~.~~&t,ylq;d obtained bv pirect svnthesis from the elerents was 339 (11. for recction 11 have been obtained (5). . t complete studv of the synthesis of cyanopen \ fro* i.ts elenents was mrle tv !,eutne$-(K 6 13) .and,this-reaction Pave 15% conversion , ' hased on the carbon innut at the ojtilrun reaction conditions. v' .. . .. I r .. 1 I+dropen cyanide yields up to 514; for reaction 3 and UD to 399 Decently Craves , Yawa and 1iiteshu.e (I4) reborted investipations wine hituninous feE. into an aroon plasma. iet .,. .,Acqtvlene, , the princinal Drodiict , was obtained in vields of 15 wt. ?. -his work .s'tudie< the ,effects of coal feed rate, particle size and nlasna terperature on vieid- and nroducts' forned. .. . . , . - . , . . - .. . PAS-GAS ~~ACST.CIIS .TO .PAODIJC.C. A m r n Ilvdrccarbons 4 C (2) t'arnisch, Yemer and Cciailu: .(15) rknorted the preparation of titanjum ' nitride (reaction 1) fror titanium tetrachloride pas with either nlasna
318 FIGURE 4 I
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)i 1 reesonably complete and accura
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3 inquire about the component of ve
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4 I I 5 To find (t2)av, we assume t
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\ vnich, it is noted can be negativ
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I 7 than or smaller than the second
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i I i I I I ) ) i L , I I . INT1:OD
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13 field per electron is and per co
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. 11. 5. CharRe-Transfer and Ion-Mo
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17 In the followin:: sections much
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above. With that EIN, an estimate o
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21 region in w!iich large, nighlv l
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i ’ understanding: 23 (a) Electro
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Obviously, the secondary ion must h
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27 (22) Franklin, J. L., Munson, M.
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Tables 1-6 present examples of rela
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Table 8 Some Ions Formed by Process
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33 velocity of the reacting partn r
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35 must be added to the Langevin cr
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37 In our laboratory a microwave di
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+ . 4 . r 39 as well as N in a cor0
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ION-MOIECULE REACTION RATES MEASUFI
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43 excitntion 2onditions so that th
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45 In 2 like manner Fig. 3, showing
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47 Absorption Spectra of Transient
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50 maximum fiela. In this manner, a
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52 3 % %- %- 5- a- 7 h W P H 0 L v)
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References I I . A.B.Callear, J.A.G
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._ . _-.. - , , . . ,. . The Pyrex
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58 0 0 0 VI J > I cv . u H a
Page 60:
.... . 0 2 e I / m 0 H F4 : 1
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\ 0.9 0.8 0.7 06 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 01
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65 ' cause of the reduction in the
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INTRODUCTION I' Attachment of polar
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I 69 EXPERIMENTAL The mass spectrom
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+ Figure 1 Mixed water and methanol
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73 ' , radius might be expected bec
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75 Negative Ion Mass Spectra of Som
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A b 1 1 I H I I I FILAMEN T CONTINU
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79 for positive and negative ions,
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51 out to answer some of the questi
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93 INTERACTIONS OF EXCITED SPECIES
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L 4 I*C z 0'2 = a, a U x I m 4 m 0
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I L I, ; > > E Fig. 3 I50 200 150 1
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I 300 r 1 - 200 i io ;' a cn I I. 0
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where DISCUSSION OF XESULTS PERTAIN
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93 where the bar indicates values c
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'I i 'I 0 2. 4 6 8 2 [ N]* x' I 0-2
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Fig. 14 IO 8 6 4F [NO] x IO-" (mole
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for chemiluminescent excitation in
Page 101 and 102:
101 Chemiluminescent Reactions of E
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103 All gases were taken directly f
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10; He: + N2 -. 2He + h': (8) whi!?
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description for both diffusion and
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B. Ions and Electrons I Consider a
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' 112 axial diffusion through the d
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the tube walls occurs continuously
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E2R M ' $6"
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9- 10. u. -
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120 . Dlschorge zone Reactor zone 1
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122 In radiation chemistry the cust
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124 4. chemistry seem limited essen
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126 Conversion of Mixtures into Mor
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Hydrazine Synthesis in A Silent dle
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{;I . - . .. . - .., . . .. _- .. .
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1 \ \ \ , \ , \ \ Pmer hnrity K.W.
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. I operating fact that the sloGe i
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_- of ' . 8. - 7 6, Residence Time
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135 Ionic Reactions in Corona Disch
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GAS OUT GAS IN i.ho QUADRUPOLE MASS
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- + ( ~ ~ + 0 H ) ~ O ~ ( H~o)~H+ +
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144 i I , , , , . + 1- u 3c w Inu c
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146 SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC COIGhTDS B
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mi5 a- dz CI n I a I n +4 - 0 -I- k
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0 z cu I I I
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I- I - t d m a .rl Y x c, t-' d k
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, 155 This result is significant in
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Compound Bond he rgy Li I 82 UBr 10
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, ”..’ 3or 25 - 5 20 - s 3 w Y
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I 161 THE GLOW DISCHARGE DEPOSITION
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Fig. 1 Process Apparatus -__l.ll__
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v) t- at- InIo Io0 t-Q) loo lcua O
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This study is only an approximation
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Mole Reaction Material ratio time e
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\ i (4) Effect of System Pressure T
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173 Pressure. Since pressure is a c
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175 Table VI X-RAY DATA OF DEPOSIT
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177 Another source of weakness is t
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179 PLATING IN A CORONA DISCHARGE R
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\ 3 , ,\ 110 v 60 CPS MANOMETER . F
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I i , \ I i & a - P Fig. 3 Reaction
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\ \' C 0 .d * d .- C U d 0) c( 1) L
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I i I . Q) I, s w 0 v) Y 0 a w W a
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I (b) Polarized Light Fig. 6 Cross
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i m v) Y C i! u o) 23 a a- + 191 m
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i, d C .d c c W Q ) 0 0 L1Y 0 000 0
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i e 4 0 wcr -4 4 al 0 0 0 c) cr 13:
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\ E ‘ 1 TIME FOR RUN 13-1 14-1 -
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199 a red heat in this cell using d
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\ , t j \ I, v) 2 Y . C 0 u m .I C
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203 VAPOR PHASE FORMATION OF NONCRY
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BELL JAR STANC TO VACUUM SYSTEM U T
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207 of the boron oxide film, the fi
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i I, 4 I.( Y I- * 0 i f i 3 0.t I I
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211 The Reacticn 3f Oxygen with Car
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2 E, W t- a Z 9 I- a 2 X 0 I50 too
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'i' 100 50 IC 21 5 2.0 2.5 SURFACE
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I- z W 0 w a a 100 80 60 40 20 215
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s., Literature Cited Berkley, C. ,
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7 h \ F 221 600°C and 1 atmosphere
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223 e I'
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R L ' -1 9mm O.D. 5mm I.D. 45mm 0.D
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Figure 5.- Paschen's law curves. 2-
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\ '? I The water-free product gases
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N I + 0" ON i I + 0 u / 0 0 I 0 cu
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- 233 SOME PROBLEMS OF THE KINETICS
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.. . :. ,. .I , . i ? .. . , ... .
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237 Table 2 Experimental Variables
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239 Zhbie I Eerccnt Consumption of
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241 Discussion The systematic varia
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I \ 1 243 FORMATION OF HYDROCARBONS
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h z - a o m a 20 T IME, minutes . F
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I 1 I I I I 0 I 2 3 4 5 TIME, minut
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The next five coluws in table 1 sho
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\ .\ t 251 Given the existence of t
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I L 253 Epple, R. P. and C. M. Apt.
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1 ' Fig. 1 Schematic of flow discha
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5' . ' I 1 257 co, with excess H2,
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1 1 1 moo 1400 1300 c V' I IPOO I I
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i 25i The Dlssocfatior of ToIuere V
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L ! , c PRODUCTS FROM A 28 MC. DISC
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'\ J ?. , .. . : PRODUCT FORMATION
Page 267 and 268: '9 / I '\ "1 BENZYL CATION AND RADI
Page 269 and 270: a
Page 271 and 272: 271 tube serve? as the high voltare
Page 273 and 274: 273 ion (1L.). Zxcitei-ion by colli
Page 275 and 276: Apparatus and Procedure 275 EXPERIM
Page 277 and 278: . 277 6. A freshly prepared sam le
Page 279 and 280: observed. The polystyrene (10% solu
Page 281 and 282: i i (12) c (11) (14) I 281 LITERATU
Page 283 and 284: FLOW- METER I ADDITIVE SUPPLY * ,28
Page 285 and 286: 285 TABLE 2 Effect of Haloqenated A
Page 287 and 288: ANALYTICAL RESULTS Some evidence wa
Page 289 and 290: DISCUSSION 289 The salient features
Page 291 and 292: ? ~ MENBERSHIP IN THE DIVISION OF F
Page 293 and 294: 292 flow of the reactant gas stream
Page 295 and 296: 294 have suitable residence times i
Page 297 and 298: 0 E < h( E l! d K c 0 .- Y 0 t u t
Page 299 and 300: 298 yields of many chemical product
Page 301 and 302: - ;i Y . 15. Pressure lOmm 5 > 10-
Page 303 and 304: 302 the best and in many practical
Page 305 and 306: GENERATION AND MEASUREMENT OF AUDIO
Page 307 and 308: . The transformer secondary and the
Page 309 and 310: Vaccum-Tube Amplifier The mobile co
Page 311 and 312: 310 f = Power supply frequency in c
Page 313: FUFARCI! INSTITUTE OF TFYDLC UNIVER
Page 316 and 317: J # I / 4) I . . '8 r4 0 r( P
Page 320 and 321: epcrte? the noss~kil.itv of nroduct
Page 322 and 323: 1' b t +
Page 324 and 325: 323 ....... - . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 326 and 327: 1 \ i I i , / / / 8 3 1 325 To205 +
Page 328 and 329: - .- - - . - - . . . - . 327 n + c
Page 330 and 331: ' POWER PLASMA GAS l e , ' I ! I I
Page 332 and 333: 331 f'ENI?AL PF'FCLCCFC Dernis, P.R
Page 334 and 335: i J 333 ; mosphere (as opposed to a
Page 336 and 337: ; it raised the question, still &?z
Page 338 and 339: p .I V I .= - - HCN/C(CALC. WITH C
Page 340 and 341: 1 1 339 atmospheric ressure and ach
Page 342 and 343: RESULTS 341 Composition Dependence
Page 344 and 345: 0.09 0.08 0.07 9 0.06 2 U - .$ 0.05
Page 346 and 347: II \ to the Slot So that less of th
Page 348 and 349: i 4 2 HYDROCARBON-NITROGEN REACTION
Page 350 and 351: I 1 349 c M m ; a e, k M x
Page 352 and 353: 1.0 I - a. I n TEMPERATURE - OK Fig
Page 354 and 355: 353 the experimental results in the
Page 356 and 357: ,) 355 The ceaswed conversion cf ni
Page 358 and 359: 1 6 357 Freezing. 3jpotnesise thzf
Page 360 and 361: 359 \ Frozen Compositior: Calcillat
Page 362 and 363: I 1 \ 361 -. ne reaction proceecis
Page 364 and 365: \ 36 3 ' h, I 26. H. Purnell, Gas C
Page 366 and 367: In experiments on the direct conver
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367 used as blnders, with different
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369 ' i 1. REFERENCES Berber, John
Page 372 and 373:
Distribution and yield rates of pro
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. . I . I 370 . . . . ., . . .. . .
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4 372 090- > E w - m c N O - 0 z :
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A-Feed tank 6-Thermocracker GReceiv
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80 \ 0 70 60 e 40 a U VI 9 30 20 10
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COAL DEASH& AND HIGH-PURITY COKE Wa
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3Pn _. -. - L -J:,J.-;~~~L, ):as se
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S ~ l ~ o n~pg:ading r is the resul
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The range ~f temperatures and gener
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. .. 386 9 * - r. Y 2 .' d a f' r.
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.) .L m 388 I
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TABLE 4 390 DELAYED COKING OF DEASH
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, ! I- on '---
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394 The present method is to keep t
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396 ‘c erperature, while the pres
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2, '! ! Proximate Analysis, wt $ Mo
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0 IS 0 14 LL 9 013 e \ 3 b- m *- 01
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402 HYDROGEN CYANIDE PRODUCED FROM
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404 Before startup, the system is p
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4 OL. ' , I. . TesCs. With.Coals .o
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Table 3.- Product Gas Analyses and
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410 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. American Public
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Figure 2. Enclosure surrounding hyd
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0 0 f v) C 0 u m I z 2 c 2 r d J w
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0. E c .4 7 .. .c . I ( - Low tempe
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418 cual. A mjor aa\;antage or' the
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420 Ir ?Y ? ? 9 9 9 pc rod n o c o
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422 Table 3. Room-texperature M'dss
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424 state, depending on the strengt
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Table 4. Room-?;ergerature isomer s
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I' 1.3 . /o 9 IO 9 6 a 425 F F 33 I
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Brooks J.D. and Sternhell S. (1957)
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(52) Gib3 T.C. and Greenwood N.N. (
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434 transducer vas then introduced
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436 yield is quite similar. The con
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?-!??? 0 mv, Uh\OhIe . . . . eirlrl
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4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 4
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442 CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A CORONA
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helium 444 CORONA REACTOR SYSTEM Fi
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446 The ultraviolet spectrum. for t
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Biphenyl Fraction 448 The low molec
Page 454 and 455:
LUd The actual structural definitio
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I I I I I In m 9 In 2 , I: r- In m
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’. 454 Mechanism I The available
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456 , , . The relatively low yield
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458 h/lethylacetylene, allene and b
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Introduction VAPOR PHASE DECOMPOSIT
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462 more efficient hydrogenation. T
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464 place in parallel with fragment
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466 P rl 0, k 7 rnI rn al k a I hl
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458 TABLE I. COMPOSI'IION OF GASEOU
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REFERENCES 1. C. Hirayama and D. A.
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i 472 Reciprocal Arc Enthalpy ,-> F
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474 be pumped down without altering
Page 480 and 481:
476 Instead a hydrogen deficient fi
Page 482 and 483:
i 478
Page 484 and 485:
480 FATTY ACIDS AND n-ALKANES IN GR
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482 TA5L,E 2. - Carbon number distr
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6. 7. a. 9. 484 Lawlor, D. L., and
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' I ' Sample No. 6 ' 12 IO 8 6 z 4
Page 492 and 493:
. 488 uiolecular weight of which ca
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Xississippi (Sample GS). Stock solu
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492 found at 5.7 and 4.9& for the W
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494 mechanisms. However, the voltad
Page 500 and 501:
For pure polynuclcar arom.i;ic hydr
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- '-'. . ' . . values are listed in
Page 504 and 505:
500 (1;) Ten, T. 17.: a;1d,Dic;
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- ~ Resistivity Czlculation 2: 1 j:
Page 508 and 509:
504 o ' C 0s 2 0 v x i 8 2 0 ! P -
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506 i
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d 601 L P LL
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I I I I I I I I m W N W N 0 (D ? 0
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514 was heated under nitrogen in a
Page 520 and 521:
The line broadening at 79OK of the
Page 522 and 523:
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Page 524 and 525:
W L, Z 6 m (1: 0 6 d j o 2 ' 1 0.0
Page 526 and 527:
Coals 522 Studies of the 1600 cm-l
Page 528 and 529:
L in ole i c a c id - 0' Two sample
Page 530 and 531:
526 Table 1.- Ultimate analyses of
Page 532 and 533:
528 6. Friedel, R. A., and H. Retco
Page 534 and 535:
egeneration. The system can be seen
Page 536 and 537:
532 and can be expressed in terms o
Page 538 and 539:
534 in the vapor increases with inc
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NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 Pyridine Pyridine P
Page 542 and 543:
Mole Ratio of Test No. Quinoline to
Page 544 and 545:
IXPROFJCTION D; M. Mason Institute
Page 546 and 547:
-4:c~rciiny to recent studies o ;i4
Page 548 and 549:
544 Table 1. LIGHT EMISSION OF Y"TR
Page 550 and 551:
emission in a few cases may be by d
Page 552 and 553:
LITERATUR2 CITED i. C. -. .' * il.
Page 554 and 555:
co, CH,,OR 1 - OTHER ADDITIVE FRITT
Page 556 and 557:
FRIT 'TED CO, CH,.OR 4 ___ OTHER AD
Page 558 and 559:
340 350 300 400 4 50 500 600 700 80
Page 560 and 561:
0 554 WITH COOLING (PLATE AT 40°C)
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5 56 then t = to when e = 0 2) the
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5 58 The surface heat transfer coef
Page 566 and 567:
Discussion and Results 560 Three br
Page 568 and 569:
__- ._ 562 Table I THERMAL AND PHYS
Page 570:
ln 4 I 0 4J v \ 1.0 0.8 0.6 L - 0.4
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chemical physics of discharges - Argonne National Laboratory

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