chemical physics of discharges - Argonne National Laboratory
chemical physics of discharges - Argonne National Laboratory chemical physics of discharges - Argonne National Laboratory
. 216 the output coil further reduced the oxidation rate. This is a local effect, in that oxidation rate beyond the ring was not greatly reduced. Distortion of the field can also be introduced by changing the angle between the end of the output coil and the reactSon tube. le&h of the luminous discharge. Similar effects have been observed in electrodeless discharges at higher pressure (12). Variations from axial symmetry led to reduced rates and decreased the , Table I I Effect of Field Distortion on Carbon Oxidation Rate Cbcidation Rate Angle w/hr Pyrex tube 00 79 Pyrex tube and ungrounded copper ring Pyrex tube and grounded copper ring 00 70 00 62 mrex tube 1.0 71 Pyrex tube 3." 63 ' Effect on Nineral Constituents: It has been reported that there is no appreciable ,, loss of a number of metal ions in plasma oxidation (4,s). Nonvolatile species include: Na(I), Cs(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ho(III), Er(III), Fe(III), Cr(IIL), As(III), Sb(SII), and Mo(V1). The effect of ashing temperature, the reason for the surprisingly low volatility, and the final oxidation dtate of the product were not previously explored. As part of the present study, 20 to 100 mg of compounds containing radioactive tracers were deposited on Whatman cellulose filters. After tupxure to ashing for a sufficient period to remove the filter paper, generally 30 dnutes, the activity of the ash was measured and the oddation state of the element determined. Specimen temperature was adjusted during ash- by altering input power. These measurements are summarized in table 11. In general, temperature has little effect on retention. These results and earuer observations Indicating complete retention of metals in compounds such as arseneous chloride and metalloporphyrFns (5) are believed to be due to competition between volatilization and oxidation to leas volatile compounds. Unlike the other elements studied, the highest valence oxide of o d u , is the most volatile. Therefore, this element is volatilized In the plasmrr on process. The volatility of iodide, shown in figure 5, is also consistent wlth the hypothe- { sis of competition between volatilization and oxidation. During these measurements, ashing was stopped at 5 minute intervals. It is Been that loss of 1131 closely foumS ttie curve for filter paper g ssification. No loss of 1131 occurs after the filtar paper is remved. Loss of I f 3l varied between 15 and 35 per cent. However, none Of the residual 1131 could be preci itated with silver nitrate, indicating that the iodide had been oxidized. When the 113 E tracer was converted to NdO3 before ashing, all Of the iodine activitywas retained.
I- z W 0 w a a 100 80 60 40 20 215 0 0 IO 20 30 TIME (MINI Fig. 5. Loss of sample weight,n; and loss of Il3’ tracer,O, during ashing of filter paper in an owgen plasma.
- Page 165 and 166: v) t- at- InIo Io0 t-Q) loo lcua O
- Page 167 and 168: This study is only an approximation
- Page 169 and 170: Mole Reaction Material ratio time e
- Page 171 and 172: \ i (4) Effect of System Pressure T
- Page 173 and 174: 173 Pressure. Since pressure is a c
- Page 175 and 176: 175 Table VI X-RAY DATA OF DEPOSIT
- Page 177 and 178: 177 Another source of weakness is t
- Page 179 and 180: 179 PLATING IN A CORONA DISCHARGE R
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- Page 183 and 184: I i , \ I i & a - P Fig. 3 Reaction
- Page 185 and 186: \ \' C 0 .d * d .- C U d 0) c( 1) L
- Page 187 and 188: I i I . Q) I, s w 0 v) Y 0 a w W a
- Page 189 and 190: I (b) Polarized Light Fig. 6 Cross
- Page 191 and 192: i m v) Y C i! u o) 23 a a- + 191 m
- Page 193 and 194: i, d C .d c c W Q ) 0 0 L1Y 0 000 0
- Page 195 and 196: i e 4 0 wcr -4 4 al 0 0 0 c) cr 13:
- Page 197 and 198: \ E ‘ 1 TIME FOR RUN 13-1 14-1 -
- Page 199 and 200: 199 a red heat in this cell using d
- Page 201 and 202: \ , t j \ I, v) 2 Y . C 0 u m .I C
- Page 203 and 204: 203 VAPOR PHASE FORMATION OF NONCRY
- Page 205 and 206: BELL JAR STANC TO VACUUM SYSTEM U T
- Page 207 and 208: 207 of the boron oxide film, the fi
- Page 209 and 210: i I, 4 I.( Y I- * 0 i f i 3 0.t I I
- Page 211 and 212: 211 The Reacticn 3f Oxygen with Car
- Page 213 and 214: 2 E, W t- a Z 9 I- a 2 X 0 I50 too
- Page 215: 'i' 100 50 IC 21 5 2.0 2.5 SURFACE
- Page 219 and 220: s., Literature Cited Berkley, C. ,
- Page 221 and 222: 7 h \ F 221 600°C and 1 atmosphere
- Page 223 and 224: 223 e I'
- Page 225 and 226: R L ' -1 9mm O.D. 5mm I.D. 45mm 0.D
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- Page 231 and 232: N I + 0" ON i I + 0 u / 0 0 I 0 cu
- Page 233 and 234: - 233 SOME PROBLEMS OF THE KINETICS
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- Page 237 and 238: 237 Table 2 Experimental Variables
- Page 239 and 240: 239 Zhbie I Eerccnt Consumption of
- Page 241 and 242: 241 Discussion The systematic varia
- Page 243 and 244: I \ 1 243 FORMATION OF HYDROCARBONS
- Page 245 and 246: h z - a o m a 20 T IME, minutes . F
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- Page 259 and 260: 1 1 1 moo 1400 1300 c V' I IPOO I I
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- Page 263 and 264: L ! , c PRODUCTS FROM A 28 MC. DISC
- Page 265 and 266: '\ J ?. , .. . : PRODUCT FORMATION
.<br />
216<br />
the output coil further reduced the oxidation rate. This is a local effect, in that<br />
oxidation rate beyond the ring was not greatly reduced. Distortion <strong>of</strong> the field can<br />
also be introduced by changing the angle between the end <strong>of</strong> the output coil and the<br />
reactSon tube.<br />
le&h <strong>of</strong> the luminous discharge. Similar effects have been observed in electrodeless<br />
<strong>discharges</strong> at higher pressure (12).<br />
Variations from axial symmetry led to reduced rates and decreased the ,<br />
Table I I<br />
Effect <strong>of</strong> Field Distortion on Carbon Oxidation Rate<br />
Cbcidation Rate<br />
Angle w/hr<br />
Pyrex tube 00 79<br />
Pyrex tube and ungrounded<br />
copper ring<br />
Pyrex tube and grounded<br />
copper ring<br />
00 70<br />
00 62<br />
mrex tube 1.0 71<br />
Pyrex tube 3." 63 '<br />
Effect on Nineral Constituents: It has been reported that there is no appreciable ,,<br />
loss <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> metal ions in plasma oxidation (4,s). Nonvolatile species include:<br />
Na(I), Cs(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ho(III), Er(III), Fe(III),<br />
Cr(IIL), As(III), Sb(SII), and Mo(V1). The effect <strong>of</strong> ashing temperature, the reason<br />
for the surprisingly low volatility, and the final oxidation dtate <strong>of</strong> the product were<br />
not previously explored. As part <strong>of</strong> the present study, 20 to 100 mg <strong>of</strong> compounds containing<br />
radioactive tracers were deposited on Whatman cellulose filters. After<br />
tupxure to ashing for a sufficient period to remove the filter paper, generally 30<br />
dnutes, the activity <strong>of</strong> the ash was measured and the oddation state <strong>of</strong> the element<br />
determined. Specimen temperature was adjusted during ash- by altering input power.<br />
These measurements are summarized in table 11. In general, temperature has little<br />
effect on retention. These results and earuer observations Indicating complete retention<br />
<strong>of</strong> metals in compounds such as arseneous chloride and metalloporphyrFns (5) are<br />
believed to be due to competition between volatilization and oxidation to leas volatile<br />
compounds.<br />
Unlike the other elements studied, the highest valence oxide <strong>of</strong> o d u ,<br />
is the most volatile. Therefore, this element is volatilized In the plasmrr<br />
on process.<br />
The volatility <strong>of</strong> iodide, shown in figure 5, is also consistent wlth the hypothe- {<br />
sis <strong>of</strong> competition between volatilization and oxidation. During these measurements,<br />
ashing was stopped at 5 minute intervals. It is Been that loss <strong>of</strong> 1131 closely foumS<br />
ttie curve for filter paper g ssification. No loss <strong>of</strong> 1131 occurs after the filtar<br />
paper is remved. Loss <strong>of</strong> I f 3l varied between 15 and 35 per cent. However, none Of<br />
the residual 1131 could be preci itated with silver nitrate, indicating that the iodide<br />
had been oxidized. When the 113 E tracer was converted to NdO3 before ashing, all Of<br />
the iodine activitywas retained.<br />