Sri Aurobindo - Karuna Yoga

Sri Aurobindo - Karuna Yoga Sri Aurobindo - Karuna Yoga

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728 The Composition of Savitri Sri Aurobindo read the Savitri-episode of the Mahabharata in Sanskrit while he was in Baroda. He expressed appreciation of its style in his “Notes on the Mahabharata”, written around 1901. But a report that he worked on an English poem on the subject at this time is not supported by his own statements or any documents that survive. If there was a Baroda Savitri, which is doubtful, it was among the writings of which Sri Aurobindo wrote in 1933, “Most of all that has disappeared into the unknown in the whirlpools and turmoil of my political career.” Even assuming that such a poem was written in Baroda, for all practical purposes Savitri as we know it was commenced in Pondicherry. The opening of the first known version is dated “August 8th 9th / 1916”. Further dates occur later on in the draft. From the death of Satyavan to the end of Savitri’s debate with Death, the manuscript is marked every few pages with dates from a three-day period, 17-19 October. After this, the consecutive narration breaks off and the notebook contains only disconnected passages. Some of these are sketches for the conclusion of the poem. Most of them go back over what was already written. They represent the beginning of the long process of rewriting which was to continue until 1950. This earliest surviving manuscript of Savitri shows every sign of being the first draft. It is one of the few versions that Sri Aurobindo dated. But even if precise dates cannot be assigned to them, the manuscripts of the poem can almost always be placed in a definite order after a careful comparison. This is because changes made when one draft was revised were usually incorporated in the next draft, which would then be further altered and most often expanded. Initially the poem was short enough not to require division into books or cantos. Its sections were separated only by blank lines. But soon Sri Aurobindo was dividing it into “Book I”, ending with the death of Satyavan, and “Book II”, recounting Savitri’s debate with and victory over Death. Next he adopted

Note on the Text 729 a scheme of six cantos and an epilogue. The canto titles were: Love, Fate, Death, Night, Twilight and Day. After making a few drafts in cantos, he started substituting the word “book” for “canto”. There were now six books with the same names as the former cantos. Meanwhile the larger division had reappeared as two parts, “Earth” and “Beyond”. At first each part comprised three books, not counting the epilogue. But before long, the rapidly growing first book was broken up into two. The second book kept the name “Love”; the first was renamed “Quest”. A manuscript beginning with “Book I / Quest” has the title “Sâvithrî: A Tale and a Vision”. (In early versions, “Sâvithrî” was the usual spelling of the heroine’s name.) Sri Aurobindo referred to this stage in the poem’s history in a letter of 1936: “Savitri was originally written many years ago before the Mother came [i.e., before the Mother’s final arrival in 1920], as a narrative poem in two parts, Part I Earth and Part II Beyond . . . each of four books — or rather Part II consisted of three books and an epilogue.” This was the plan of Savitri at the end of the first phase of its composition. But the last manuscript actually completed was in six cantos and an epilogue. After “books” replaced the “cantos” and the number of books increased, some books were worked over several times. Others were hardly touched. There is a partial draft of “Book III / Death”, for example; there is none from the stage when “Death” would have been the fourth book. After 1945 when Sri Aurobindo incorporated material from the early poem into what was by then a full-fledged epic, he sometimes went back to a manuscript of the six “cantos” as his starting-point. Savitri was apparently put aside during most of the 1920s, a period when Sri Aurobindo did little writing. The first evidence of its resumption is found in a letter of 1931. Here he speaks of a radical change in the conception and scope of the poem. Already the subtitle, “A Legend and a Symbol”, is present in his mind: “There is a previous draft, the result of the many retouchings of which somebody told you; but in that form it would not have

Note on the Text 729<br />

a scheme of six cantos and an epilogue. The canto titles were:<br />

Love, Fate, Death, Night, Twilight and Day.<br />

After making a few drafts in cantos, he started substituting<br />

the word “book” for “canto”. There were now six books with<br />

the same names as the former cantos. Meanwhile the larger division<br />

had reappeared as two parts, “Earth” and “Beyond”. At<br />

first each part comprised three books, not counting the epilogue.<br />

But before long, the rapidly growing first book was broken up<br />

into two. The second book kept the name “Love”; the first was<br />

renamed “Quest”.<br />

A manuscript beginning with “Book I / Quest” has the title<br />

“Sâvithrî: A Tale and a Vision”. (In early versions, “Sâvithrî”<br />

was the usual spelling of the heroine’s name.) <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Aurobindo</strong><br />

referred to this stage in the poem’s history in a letter of 1936:<br />

“Savitri was originally written many years ago before the<br />

Mother came [i.e., before the Mother’s final arrival in 1920], as a<br />

narrative poem in two parts, Part I Earth and Part II Beyond . . .<br />

each of four books — or rather Part II consisted of three books<br />

and an epilogue.”<br />

This was the plan of Savitri at the end of the first phase<br />

of its composition. But the last manuscript actually completed<br />

was in six cantos and an epilogue. After “books” replaced the<br />

“cantos” and the number of books increased, some books were<br />

worked over several times. Others were hardly touched. There<br />

is a partial draft of “Book III / Death”, for example; there is<br />

none from the stage when “Death” would have been the fourth<br />

book. After 1945 when <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Aurobindo</strong> incorporated material<br />

from the early poem into what was by then a full-fledged epic,<br />

he sometimes went back to a manuscript of the six “cantos” as<br />

his starting-point.<br />

Savitri was apparently put aside during most of the 1920s, a<br />

period when <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Aurobindo</strong> did little writing. The first evidence<br />

of its resumption is found in a letter of 1931. Here he speaks of a<br />

radical change in the conception and scope of the poem. Already<br />

the subtitle, “A Legend and a Symbol”, is present in his mind:<br />

“There is a previous draft, the result of the many retouchings of<br />

which somebody told you; but in that form it would not have

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