FM 17-35 ( Armored Cavalry Platoon, Troop and Squadron ) 1960

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23. Observation by Scouts, General
As enemy contact becomes imminent, observation becomes very
important. Movement is undertaken only after thorough observation
has been accomplished. Observation by all scouts must be
continuous and systematic. To ensure the best results from observation,
scout leaders should see that:
a. Personnel make maximum use of binoculars and observation
telescopes.
b. Concealed positions are selected that offer good observation
of the area to be covered. Observers should be dismounted from
their vehicles.
c. Terrain is searched in strips as explained in FM 21-75.
d. At least two observers are used to form a team. One observer
watches the area in general to detect any movement, while
the other conducts a systematic search with binoculars or observation
telescope.
e. All-round observation is maintained. This is accomplished
by assigning a sector to each individual in the vehicle crew. When
working by squad or section, each vehicle crew may be assigned
a primary sector to observe.
f. When the movement of other vehicles is being covered, observation
is on the terrain from which fire is expected and not
on the moving vehicles. Stationary personnel can usually detect
hostile fire or movement more easily than those in moving vehicles;
therefore, personnel in moving vehicles should be alert for
signals.
g. Personnel are trained to identify targets or possible target
areas quickly.
h. When a scout squad is observing from a stationary position,
the squad leader organizes his personnel so that they can obtain
adequate rest yet make maximum use of the observation equipment
available.
i. Constant liaison and communication with adjacent units are
maintained. This will aid in keeping an enemy force under continuous
observation when it moves. Scout units must be able to
receive and pass on observation assignments so that contact with
the enemy can be maintained.
24. Establishing Observation Posts
a. The purpose of an observation post (OP) is to provide early
warning of enemy approach; report the location, strength, disposition,
and movement of the enemy; and adjust long range fires
AGO 4088B 19