Plants with toxic alkaloids - University of Washington

Greek Fire
Kallinikos (513 AD) fled Muslim occupation of Syria to Constantinople
where he designed a new weapon for the Roman Navy – Greek fire. It
broke the naval siege of the Muslims in AD 673 & 718. Kallinikos’ great
feat of engineering is lost to modern science and history.
Greek fire was the ultimate weapon of the
time. There was no real countermeasure
(protecting ship boards with wet hides). It was
equivalent to modern napalm by thickening
the petroleum with resin etc.
One of many possibilities of design of the
secret naphta weapon of the Byzantine Navy