Plants with toxic alkaloids - University of Washington
Plants with toxic alkaloids - University of Washington Plants with toxic alkaloids - University of Washington
Greek Fire Pyr automaton or self-igniting fire was a new line of weapons around 70 BC. Sulphur, quicklime and bitumen were combined for pyrotechnic tricks. Torches drenched in sulphur, tar & quicklime were thrown into the Tiber River while continuing to burn! Julius Africanus (170 AD) sulphur, salt resin, charcoal, asphalt & quicklime are mixed into a paste which is smeared at night on the siege engines. Dew in the morning will ignite the mixture. Fountains of fire: Oil pits and lakes existed in ancient Mesopotamia, Arabia and the black sea. Often temples were built around an eternal flame. Baba Gurgur in today’s Iraq had burned continously from 660 BC to 1927 AD. Islamic armies had units of naffatuns responsible for shooting naphta projectiles into burning cities. 1190 siege of crusader castle Acre naffatuns shot naphta grenades & then ignited them by burning arrows. Kallinikos (513 AD) fled Muslim occupation of Syria to Constantinople in
Greek Fire Kallinikos (513 AD) fled Muslim occupation of Syria to Constantinople where he designed a new weapon for the Roman Navy – Greek fire. It broke the naval siege of the Muslims in AD 673 & 718. Kallinikos’ great feat of engineering is lost to modern science and history. Greek fire was the ultimate weapon of the time. There was no real countermeasure (protecting ship boards with wet hides). It was equivalent to modern napalm by thickening the petroleum with resin etc. One of many possibilities of design of the secret naphta weapon of the Byzantine Navy
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- Page 49 and 50: toxic alkaloids larkspur Delphiniu
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Greek Fire<br />
Pyr automaton or self-igniting fire was a new line <strong>of</strong> weapons around 70 BC.<br />
Sulphur, quicklime and bitumen were combined for pyrotechnic tricks.<br />
Torches drenched in sulphur, tar & quicklime were thrown into the Tiber River<br />
while continuing to burn!<br />
Julius Africanus (170 AD) sulphur, salt resin, charcoal, asphalt & quicklime<br />
are mixed into a paste which is smeared at night on the siege engines. Dew in<br />
the morning will ignite the mixture.<br />
Fountains <strong>of</strong> fire: Oil pits and lakes existed in ancient Mesopotamia, Arabia<br />
and the black sea. Often temples were built around an eternal flame. Baba<br />
Gurgur in today’s Iraq had burned continously from 660 BC to 1927 AD.<br />
Islamic armies had units <strong>of</strong> naffatuns responsible for<br />
shooting naphta projectiles into burning cities. 1190 siege<br />
<strong>of</strong> crusader castle Acre naffatuns shot naphta grenades &<br />
then ignited them by burning arrows.<br />
Kallinikos (513 AD) fled Muslim occupation <strong>of</strong> Syria to<br />
Constantinople in
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