Plants with toxic alkaloids - University of Washington
Plants with toxic alkaloids - University of Washington Plants with toxic alkaloids - University of Washington
Biological warfare in the history of our World Greeks considered Gauls, Scythians and NAfricans as barbarians partly because they used poisonous projectiles. In Greek toxicon = poison, toxon = arrow helenion & minon unidentified arrow poisons of the Dacians and Dalmatians Two hellebores or Christmas roses were used as arrow poisons buttercup Helleborus orientalis & lilly representative Veratrum album plants not easy to gather: causing sneezing & blisters, hellebores were used as panacea since they had an immediate purgative effect. Aconitum = monkshood was another arrow poison of the Gauls (and even the Neanderthals 50 000 years before them). Also moors used it against the Spaniards in the 12 century. Gauls rapidly pulled arrow out of the prey. Hyoscyamus = henbane another badly smelling weed used by the Gauls powerful alkaloids hyoscyamine & scopolamine cauuse seizures, psychosis & death. This was used on arrows against other humans in war. Adrienne Mayor: Greek fire, poison arrows & scorpion bombs. Biological and chemical warfare in the ancient world. The overlook Press, Woodstock,USA
Biological warfare in the history of our World Conium maculatum = hemlock juice containing coniine was used on Scythian arrows where it can be active for many days. Belladonna = deadly nightshade was known as strychnos to the Romans (today Strychnos is a genus of trees occurring both in Sam and Asia) it was used as a drug smeared upon your spear or lance (Pliny the elder reported Roman soldiers and auxillaries) where it is active for > 30 years. Taxus baccata = yew is a gloomy tree with berries (= cones) containing alkaloids & sudden death by stopping the heart. Rhododendron sap was known as alternative arrow poison containing neurotoxin that can be extracted from flowers, but also presented as poisonous food in the form of honey. Scythian archers with poisonous darts (snake venom) defeated Persian army under Darius, + 333 BC the Grand army of Alexander the Great, & even a Roman one.
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Biological warfare in the history <strong>of</strong> our World<br />
Conium maculatum = hemlock juice containing coniine was used on<br />
Scythian arrows where it can be active for many days.<br />
Belladonna = deadly nightshade was known as strychnos to the Romans<br />
(today Strychnos is a genus <strong>of</strong> trees occurring both in Sam and Asia) it was<br />
used as a drug smeared upon your spear or lance (Pliny the elder reported<br />
Roman soldiers and auxillaries) where it is active for > 30 years.<br />
Taxus baccata = yew is a gloomy tree<br />
<strong>with</strong> berries (= cones) containing <strong>alkaloids</strong><br />
& sudden death by stopping the heart.<br />
Rhododendron sap was known as alternative<br />
arrow poison containing neurotoxin that can<br />
be extracted from flowers, but also presented<br />
as poisonous food in the form <strong>of</strong> honey.<br />
Scythian archers <strong>with</strong> poisonous darts<br />
(snake venom) defeated Persian army<br />
under Darius, + 333 BC the Grand army <strong>of</strong><br />
Alexander the Great, & even a Roman one.
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