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ICHCA International <strong>Safe</strong>ty Panel Briefing Pamphlet No 30<br />
A2.2.5 In these formulae, α is the mean coefficient <strong>of</strong> cubical expansion <strong>of</strong> the liquid<br />
between the mean temperature <strong>of</strong> the liquid during filling (tf) and the<br />
maximum mean bulk temperature during transport (tr) (both in ° C). For<br />
liquids transported under ambient conditions, α could be calculated by the<br />
formula:<br />
α =<br />
d15 – d50<br />
35d50<br />
in which d15 and d50 are the densities <strong>of</strong> the liquid at 15 ° C and 50 ° C,<br />
respectively.<br />
A2.2.6 The maximum mean bulk temperature (tr) shall be taken as 50 ° C except<br />
that, for journeys under temperate or extreme climatic conditions, the<br />
competent authorities concerned may agree to a lower or require a higher<br />
temperature, as appropriate.<br />
A2.2.7 The provisions <strong>of</strong> A2.2.3 and A2.2.4 do not apply to portable tanks which<br />
contain substances maintained at a temperature above 50 ° C during<br />
transport (such as by means <strong>of</strong> a heating device). For portable tanks<br />
equipped with a heating device, a temperature regulator shall be used to<br />
ensure the maximum degree <strong>of</strong> filling is not more than 95% full at any time<br />
during transport.<br />
A2.2.8 The maximum degree <strong>of</strong> filling (in %) for solids transported above their<br />
melting points and for elevated temperature liquids shall be determined by<br />
the following formula:<br />
Degree <strong>of</strong> filling = 95<br />
dr<br />
df<br />
in which dr and df are the densities <strong>of</strong> the liquid at the mean temperature <strong>of</strong><br />
the liquid during filling and the maximum mean bulk temperature during<br />
transport respectively.<br />
A2.2.9 In simple terms the degree <strong>of</strong> filling for tank containers without surge plates<br />
should be greater than 80% (see Annex 2 section A2.2) and no greater than:<br />
97% for general dangerous goods, or<br />
95% for liquids in class 6.1 and class 8 in packaging group I and II<br />
though the actual value for each substance is unlikely to be as high as these<br />
values.<br />
A2.2.10 The filling level for liquefied gas containers is referred to as the filling ratio.<br />
This takes into account various parameters for temperature and pressure.<br />
Page 48 ©ICHCA International Limited
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