Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions - NSCEP | US ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL AND COMPOSITION OF EXPOSURE ATMOSPHERES' Facility/Sponsor U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Reference Gillespie, 1980; Hyde eta!., 1980; Malanchuk, 1980; Orthoefer, 1980; Stara eta!., 1980 Engine type Automobile gasoline engine Operating mode Urban cycle Fuel type Fuel sulfur Exposure regime 16 hid, 7 d/week, 68 mo. I Exposure conditions Control Non-irradiated Irradiated so,+ R+ I+ Nitrogen Nitrogen gasoline exhaust gasoline H,so. so,+ so,+ oxides oxides (R) exhaust (I) H,SO H,SO Particle cone. (mg/m 3 ) Particle size (JLm) CO,(%) CO (ppm) 4.9 97.5 ± 10.0 94.5 ± 19.6 - 98.4 ± - - - 13.8 N0 2 (ppm) 0.04 0.05 ± 0.02 0.94 ± 0.36 - 0.05 ± 0.89 ± 0.64 ± . 0.15 ± 0.03 0.36 0.12 0.33 NO (ppm) 0.04 1.45 ± 0.42 0.19 ± 0.29 - 1.51 ± 0.19 ± 0.25 ± 1.67 ± 0.44 0.29 0.06 0.21 NO, (ppm) S0 2 (ppm) 0.03 - - 0.42 ± 0.48 ± 0.42 ± - - 0.22 0.23 0.21 H 2S0 4 (ppm) - - - 0.02 ± 0.02 ± 0.03 ± - - 0.01 0.01 0.01 Oxidants 0.02 - 0.20 ± 0.09 - - 0.20 ± - - (ppm as 0) 0.08 Aliphatic aldehydes Formaldehyde (ppm) Acrolein (ppm) NH + Hydrocarbons 2.7 27.5 ± 4.4 23.9 ± 6.1 - 27.4 ± 23.9 ± - - (ppm as CH) 4.3 6.0 PAHs Benzo(a)pyrene . Nitropyrene "All ± are S.D. unless specified otherwise. 2/1198 A-18 DRAFT --DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
2/1198 Appendix B Alternative Model for Diesel Cancer Risk Assessment B-1 DRAFT --DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Page 1 and 2:
DRAFT DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Health A
Page 4 and 5:
CONTENTS (continued) 2.5.1. Volatil
Page 9 and 10:
CONTENTS (continued) 11.2.1. H.fl.Z
Page 12:
LIST OF TABLES (continued) 2-14. Me
Page 17 and 18:
PREFACE This draft health assessmen
Page 20 and 21:
AUTHORS, REVIEWERS, AND CONTRIBUTOR
Page 22:
l. INTRODUCTION 1 Diesel engines ar
Page 42 and 43:
1 achieved by using specific solven
Page 45 and 46:
Nitro-PAH• Table 2-10. Concentrat
Page 50:
1 pollutants depends on the amount
Page 56:
1 For the simplest alkoxy radicals,
Page 63 and 64:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 H ON0
Page 66 and 67:
1 conditions (Pitts et al., 1985c )
Page 69:
Table 2-14. Mean particle, gas, and
Page 72 and 73:
1 sample collection. There was no b
Page 75:
1 of downtown Los Angeles (Arey et
Page 81:
1 exposures. This is a complex ques
Page 85:
1 Dunstan, TDJ; Mauldin, RF; Jinxia
Page 88 and 89:
1 Lipkea, WH; DeJoode, AD; Christen
Page 90:
1 Pitts, JN, Jr; Sweetman, JA; Ziel
Page 95:
1 NOTE TO READERS CHAPTER3 2 Becaus
Page 101:
1 volume basis (Table 4-1 ). This i
Page 109:
1 Pritchard (1989), utilizing data
Page 115:
1 4.3.3.3. Potential Mechanisms for
Page 123:
1 not accurately reflect the actual
Page 131 and 132:
1 Lee, PS; Chan, TL; Hering, WE. (1
Page 137:
1 one-half units up to 3, strong (O
Page 148:
Study Ulfvarson et a!. (1987) Batti
Page 155:
N -,_. -\0 00 VI N ,_. 0 § I I 0 0
Page 163:
1 control]). Heinrich et al. (1986a
Page 174:
1 Heinrich et al. ( 1986a; see also
Page 185:
1 thoracic area at subsequent times
Page 189:
1 with matched controls for the num
Page 196 and 197:
----- N \0 00 VI I 0'1 N tJ § I I
Page 201:
1 In related studies, Navarro et al
Page 210:
1 Mauderly et al. (1987b) evaluated
Page 216 and 217:
1 pattern of adverse effects on res
Page 218:
1 DPM concentrations) that resulted
Page 221:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 226 and 227:
1 Klosterkotter, W; Blinemann, G. (
Page 228 and 229:
1 Misiorowski, RL; Strom, KA; Vosta
Page 232:
1 Wright, ES. (1986) Effects of sho
Page 235:
1 Studies showing these effects are
Page 238:
1 exposure level. In the 0.3 5 mg/m
Page 251 and 252:
1 to derive the RfC. The discussion
Page 253 and 254:
1 The BMC values are the lower 95%
Page 255:
Table 6-5. Results of benchmark con
Page 262:
1 U.S. Environmental Protection Age
Page 274 and 275:
1 the latter, 16 were classified as
Page 279 and 280:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 282:
1 burdens of the NMRI mice after 12
Page 289:
1 with four to seven rings), which
Page 298:
1 five daily doses of2,000 f...lg.
Page 338:
1 occupations. The observed absence
Page 346:
1 occupations). Analysis was conduc
Page 356:
1 the confined space of a truck cab
Page 364 and 365:
1 The corresponding odds ratios for
Page 370 and 371:
1 Approximately 20,000 miners are e
Page 375 and 376:
1 bladder cancer was found in Canad
Page 377:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 382 and 383:
1 Kaplan, I. (1959) Relationship of
Page 385:
9. MUTAGENICITY 1 Since 1978, more
Page 389 and 390:
1 the presence of heritable translo
Page 391 and 392:
1 9.5. REFERENCES 2 3 "Barfknecht,
Page 394 and 395:
1 U.S. Environmental Protection Age
Page 397 and 398:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 399:
1 inconsequential in rats relative
Page 413:
1 response. cell injury, or cell pr
Page 418:
1 Caution must be exercised in extr
Page 424:
1 Rister, M: Baehner, RL. ( 1977) E
Page 432:
1 The potency of the other diesel e
Page 439 and 440:
Table 11-2. Incidence of lung tumor
Page 441:
Table 11-5. Unit risk estimates per
Page 444:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 449:
1 to reflect the potency of several
Page 452:
1 Huisingh. J; Bradow, R; Jungers,
Page 462: 1 particles are fine and ultrafine
Page 465: 1 are available. Exposure is most o
Page 473: 1 · some of which can be informed
Page 477 and 478: 1 For example, in a recent meta-ana
Page 479 and 480: 1 nonthreshold-mutagen driven MOA.
Page 484: 1 that their developing pulmonary a
Page 491: 1 impacts. Use of these measures re
Page 495: 2/1198 Appendix A Experimental Prot
Page 504 and 505: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 507: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 511: APPENDIX A. EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL A
Page 517: 1 d: Dose of organics, mg/cm 2 of l
Page 521: Table B-4. Comparison of observed t
Page 526 and 527: 1 uncertainties below). Based on th
Page 529: 1 B.lO. RFERENCES 2 3 Bohning D., A
Page 536: 1 and 2 m.(t) = (y2i - YI/exp[Ap)a/
Page 539 and 540: 1 C.l. INTRODUCTION 2 As discussed
Page 547: 1 For mouth breathing: 2 (DF)H . =
Page 552: TABLE C-1. LUNG MODEL FOR RATS AT T
Page 558: TABLE C-3. RATIO OF PULMONARY SURFA
show all

Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions - NSCEP | US ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?